1
|
Karipal Padinjare Veedu D, Connal LA, Malins LR. Tunable Electrochemical Peptide Modifications: Unlocking New Levels of Orthogonality for Side-Chain Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215470. [PMID: 36336657 PMCID: PMC10107541 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical transformations provide enticing opportunities for programmable, residue-specific peptide modifications. Herein, we harness the potential of amidic side-chains as underutilized handles for late-stage modification through the development of an electroauxiliary-assisted oxidation of glutamine residues within unprotected peptides. Glutamine building blocks bearing electroactive side-chain N,S-acetals are incorporated into peptides using standard Fmoc-SPPS. Anodic oxidation of the electroauxiliary in the presence of diverse alcohol nucleophiles enables the installation of high-value N,O-acetal functionalities. Proof-of-principle for an electrochemical peptide stapling protocol, as well as the functionalization of dynorphin B, an endogenous opioid peptide, demonstrates the applicability of the method to intricate peptide systems. Finally, the site-selective and tunable electrochemical modification of a peptide bearing two discretely oxidizable sites is achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Karipal Padinjare Veedu
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Luke A Connal
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Lara R Malins
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schnepel C, Moritzer AC, Gäfe S, Montua N, Minges H, Nieß A, Niemann HH, Sewald N. Enzymatic Late-Stage Halogenation of Peptides. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200569. [PMID: 36259362 PMCID: PMC10099709 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The late-stage site-selective derivatisation of peptides has many potential applications in structure-activity relationship studies and postsynthetic modification or conjugation of bioactive compounds. The development of orthogonal methods for C-H functionalisation is crucial for such peptide derivatisation. Among them, biocatalytic methods are increasingly attracting attention. Tryptophan halogenases emerged as valuable catalysts to functionalise tryptophan (Trp), while direct enzyme-catalysed halogenation of synthetic peptides is yet unprecedented. Here, it is reported that the Trp 6-halogenase Thal accepts a wide range of amides and peptides containing a Trp moiety. Increasing the sequence length and reaction optimisation made bromination of pentapeptides feasible with good turnovers and a broad sequence scope, while regioselectivity turned out to be sequence dependent. Comparison of X-ray single crystal structures of Thal in complex with d-Trp and a dipeptide revealed a significantly altered binding mode for the peptide. The viability of this bioorthogonal approach was exemplified by halogenation of a cyclic RGD peptide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schnepel
- Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Ann-Christin Moritzer
- Strukturbiochemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Simon Gäfe
- Strukturbiochemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nicolai Montua
- Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hannah Minges
- Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anke Nieß
- Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hartmut H Niemann
- Strukturbiochemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Romero E, Johansson MJ, Cartwright J, Grogan G, Hayes MA. Oxalate Oxidase for In Situ H 2 O 2 -Generation in Unspecific Peroxygenase-Catalysed Drug Oxyfunctionalisations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207831. [PMID: 35916874 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
H2 O2 -driven enzymes are of great interest for industrial biotransformations. Herein, we show for the first time that oxalate oxidase (OXO) is an efficient in situ source of H2 O2 for one of these biocatalysts, which is known as unspecific peroxygenase (UPO). OXO is reasonably robust, produces only CO2 as a by-product and uses oxalate as a cheap sacrificial electron donor. UPO has significant potential as an industrial catalyst for selective C-H oxyfunctionalisations, as we confirm herein by testing a diverse drug panel using miniaturised high-throughput assays and mass spectrometry. 33 out of 64 drugs were converted in 5 μL-scale reactions by the UPO with OXO (conversion >70 % for 11 drugs). Furthermore, oxidation of the drug tolmetin was achieved on a 50 mg scale (TONUPO 25 664) with 84 % yield, which was further improved via enzyme immobilization. This one-pot approach ensures adequate H2 O2 levels, enabling rapid access to industrially relevant molecules that are difficult to obtain by other routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Romero
- Compound Synthesis and Management, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Magnus J Johansson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jared Cartwright
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gideon Grogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Martin A Hayes
- Compound Synthesis and Management, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183, Mölndal, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Romero E, Johansson MJ, Cartwright J, Grogan G, Hayes MA. Oxalate Oxidase for In Situ H2O2‐generation in Unspecific Peroxygenase‐Catalysed Drug Oxyfunctionalisations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Romero
- AstraZeneca Sweden: AstraZeneca AB Discovery Sciences SWEDEN
| | - Magnus J. Johansson
- AstraZeneca Sweden: AstraZeneca AB Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism SWEDEN
| | | | - Gideon Grogan
- University of York Department of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Martin Alistair Hayes
- AstraZeneca Sweden: AstraZeneca AB Discovery Sciences Pepparedsleden 1 43183 Molndal SWEDEN
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lubberink M, Finnigan W, Schnepel C, Baldwin CR, Turner NJ, Flitsch SL. One‐Step Biocatalytic Synthesis of Sustainable Surfactants by Selective Amide Bond Formation**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205054. [PMID: 35595679 PMCID: PMC9401052 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
N‐alkanoyl‐N‐methylglucamides (MEGAs) are non‐toxic surfactants widely used as commercial ingredients, but more sustainable syntheses towards these compounds are highly desirable. Here, we present a biocatalytic route towards MEGAs and analogues using a truncated carboxylic acid reductase construct tailored for amide bond formation (CARmm‐A). CARmm‐A is capable of selective amide bond formation without the competing esterification reaction observed in lipase catalysed reactions. A kinase was implemented to regenerate ATP from polyphosphate and by thorough reaction optimisation using design of experiments, the amine concentration needed for amidation was significantly reduced. The wide substrate scope of CARmm‐A was exemplified by the synthesis of 24 commercially relevant amides, including selected examples on a preparative scale. This work establishes acyl‐phosphate mediated chemistry as a highly selective strategy for biocatalytic amide bond formation in the presence of multiple competing alcohol functionalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Lubberink
- Department of Chemistry The University of Manchester Manchester Institute of Biotechnology 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - William Finnigan
- Department of Chemistry The University of Manchester Manchester Institute of Biotechnology 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Christian Schnepel
- Department of Chemistry The University of Manchester Manchester Institute of Biotechnology 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Christopher R. Baldwin
- Department of Chemistry The University of Manchester Manchester Institute of Biotechnology 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Department of Chemistry The University of Manchester Manchester Institute of Biotechnology 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- Department of Chemistry The University of Manchester Manchester Institute of Biotechnology 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lubberink M, Finnigan W, Schnepel C, Baldwin C, Turner N, Flitsch S. One‐Step Biocatalytic Synthesis of Sustainable Surfactants by Selective Amide Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max Lubberink
- The University of Manchester chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | | | - Nicholas Turner
- The University of Manchester chemistry Manchester Interdisciplinary Bio Centre131 Princess Street M1 7DN Manchester UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Sabine Flitsch
- The University of Manchester MIB School of Chemistry 131 Princess Street M1 7DN Manchester UNITED KINGDOM
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schneider P, Henßen B, Paschold B, Chapple BP, Schatton M, Seebeck FP, Classen T, Pietruszka J. Biocatalytic C3-Indole Methylation-A Useful Tool for the Natural-Product-Inspired Stereoselective Synthesis of Pyrroloindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23412-23418. [PMID: 34399441 PMCID: PMC8596708 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective synthesis of bioactive compounds bearing a pyrroloindole framework is often laborious. In contrast, there are several S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)-dependent methyl transferases known for stereo- and regioselective methylation at the C3 position of various indoles, directly leading to the formation of the desired pyrroloindole moiety. Herein, the SAM-dependent methyl transferase PsmD from Streptomyces griseofuscus, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of physostigmine, is characterized in detail. The biochemical properties of PsmD and its substrate scope were demonstrated. Preparative scale enzymatic methylation including SAM regeneration was achieved for three selected substrates after a design-of-experiment optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Schneider
- Institut für Bioorganische ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich and Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC)Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.852426JülichGermany
| | - Birgit Henßen
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Biotechnologie (IBG-1)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52428JülichGermany
| | - Beatrix Paschold
- Institut für Bioorganische ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich and Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC)Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.852426JülichGermany
| | - Benjamin P. Chapple
- Institut für Bioorganische ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich and Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC)Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.852426JülichGermany
| | - Marcel Schatton
- Institut für Bioorganische ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich and Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC)Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.852426JülichGermany
| | - Florian P. Seebeck
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 24aCH-4058BaselSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Classen
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Biotechnologie (IBG-1)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52428JülichGermany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institut für Bioorganische ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich and Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC)Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.852426JülichGermany
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Biotechnologie (IBG-1)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52428JülichGermany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schneider P, Henßen B, Paschold B, Chapple BP, Schatton M, Seebeck FP, Classen T, Pietruszka J. Biokatalytische C3‐Indol‐Methylierung – ein nützliches Werkzeug für die naturstoffinspirierte stereoselektive Synthese von Pyrroloindolen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Schneider
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich und Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC) Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.8 52426 Jülich Deutschland
| | - Birgit Henßen
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Biotechnologie (IBG-1) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - Beatrix Paschold
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich und Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC) Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.8 52426 Jülich Deutschland
| | - Benjamin P. Chapple
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich und Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC) Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.8 52426 Jülich Deutschland
| | - Marcel Schatton
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich und Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC) Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.8 52426 Jülich Deutschland
| | - Florian P. Seebeck
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel Mattenstrasse 24a 4058 Basel Schweiz
| | - Thomas Classen
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Biotechnologie (IBG-1) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich und Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC) Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.8 52426 Jülich Deutschland
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Biotechnologie (IBG-1) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chao RR, Lau ICK, Coleman T, Churchman LR, Child SA, Lee JHZ, Bruning JB, De Voss JJ, Bell SG. The stereoselective oxidation of para-substituted benzenes by a cytochrome P450 biocatalyst. Chemistry 2021; 27:14765-14777. [PMID: 34350662 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The serine 244 to aspartate (S244D) variant of the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP199A4 was used to expand its substrate range beyond benzoic acids. Substrates, in which the carboxylate group of the benzoic acid moiety is replaced, were oxidised with high activity by the S244D mutant (product formation rates > 60 nmol.(nmol-CYP) -1 .min -1 ) and with total turnover numbers of up to 20,000. Ethyl α-hydroxylation was more rapid than methyl oxidation, styrene epoxidation and S -oxidation. The S244D mutant catalysed the ethyl hydroxylation, epoxidation and sulfoxidation reactions with an excess of one stereoisomer (in some instances up to >98%). The crystal structure of 4-methoxybenzoic acid-bound CYP199A4 S244D showed that the active site architecture and the substrate orientation were similar to that of the WT enzyme. Overall, this work demonstrates that CYP199A4 can catalyse the stereospecific hydroxylation, epoxidation or sulfoxidation of substituted benzene substrates under mild conditions resulting in more sustainable transformations using this heme monooxygenase enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Chao
- The University of Adelaide, Department of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Ian C-K Lau
- The University of Adelaide, Department of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Tom Coleman
- The University of Adelaide, Department of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Luke R Churchman
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, AUSTRALIA
| | - Stella A Child
- The University of Adelaide, Department of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Joel H Z Lee
- The University of Adelaide, The Department of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - John B Bruning
- The University of Adelaide, School of Biological Sciences, AUSTRALIA
| | - James J De Voss
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, AUSTRALIA
| | - Stephen Graham Bell
- University of Adelaide, School of Chemistry & Physics, North Terrace, 5005, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA
| |
Collapse
|