Strong Self‐Trapped Exciton Emissions in Two‐Dimensional Na‐In Halide Perovskites Triggered by Antimony Doping

Revealing the Mechanism of Pressure-Induced Emission in Layered Silver-Bismuth Double Perovskites

Pressure-induced emission (PIE) associated with self-trapping excitons (STEs) in low-dimensional halide perovskites has attracted great attention for better materials-by-design. Here, using 2D layered double perovskite (C₆ H₅ CH₂ CH₂ NH₃ ⁺ )₄ AgBiBr₈ as a model system, we advance a fundamental physicochemical mechanism of the PIE from the perspective of carrier dynamics and excited-state behaviors of local lattice distortion. We observed a pressure-driven STE transformation from dark to bright states, corresponding a strong broadband Stokes-shifted emission. Further theoretical analysis demonstrated that the suppressed lattice distortion and enhanced electronic dimensionality in the excited-state play an important role in the formation of stabilized bright STEs, which could manipulate the self-trapping energy and lattice deformation energy to form an energy barrier between the potential energy curves of ground- and excited-state, and enhance the electron-hole orbital overlap, respectively.

Multimodal Luminescent Low-Dimension Cs2ZrCl6:xSb3+ Crystals for White Light-Emitting Diodes and Information Encryption

Low-dimension perovskite materials have attracted wide attention due to their excellent optical properties and stability. Herein, Sb³⁺-doped Cs₂ZrCl₆ crystals are synthesized by a coprecipitation method in which Sb³⁺ ions partially replace Zr⁴⁺ ions. The Cs₂ZrCl₆:xSb³⁺ powder shows blue and orange-red emissions under a 254 and 365 nm light, respectively, due to the [ZrCl₆]^2- octahedron and [SbCl₆]^3- octahedron. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of Cs₂ZrCl₆:xSb³⁺ (x = 0.1) crystals is up to 52.5%. According to experimental and computational results, the emission mechanism of the Cs₂ZrCl₆:xSb³⁺ crystals is proposed. On the one hand, a wide blue emission with a large Stokes shift is caused by the self-trapping excitons of [ZrCl₆]^2- octahedra under a 260 nm excitation. On the other hand, the luminescence mechanism of [SbCl₆]^3- octahedron is divided into two parts: ¹P₁ → ¹S₀ (490 nm) and ³P₁ → ¹S₀ (625 nm). The broad-band emission, high PLQY, and excellent stability endow the Cs₂ZrCl₆:xSb³⁺ powders with the potential for the fabrication of white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). A WLED device is fabricated using a commercial 310 nm NUV chip, which shows a high color rendering index of 89.7 and a correlated color temperature of 5333 K. In addition, the synthesized Cs₂ZrCl₆:xSb³⁺ crystals can be also successfully used for information encryption. Our work will provide a deep understanding of the photophysical properties of Sb³⁺-doped perovskites and facilitate the development of Cs₂ZrCl₆:xSb³⁺ crystals in encrypting multilevel optical codes and WLEDs.

Zero-Dimensional Zn-Based Halides with Ultra-Long Room-Temperature Phosphorescence for Time-Resolved Anti-Counterfeiting

Though fluorescence-tag-based anti-counterfeiting technology has distinguished itself with cost-effective features and huge information loading capacity, the clonable decryption process of spatial-resolved anti-counterfeiting cannot meet the requirements for high-security-level anti-counterfeiting. Herein, we demonstrate a spatial-time-dual-resolved anti-counterfeiting system based on new organic-inorganic hybrid halides BAPPZn₂ (Cl_y Br_1-y )₈ (BAPP=1,4-bis(3-ammoniopropyl)piperazinium, y=0-1) with ultra-long room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Remarkably, the afterglow lifetime can be facilely tuned by regulating the halide-induced heavy-atom effect and can be identified by the naked eyes or with the help of a simple machine vision system. Therefore, the short-lived unicolor fluorescence and lasting-time-tunable RTP provide the prerequisites for unicolor-time-resolved anti-counterfeiting, which lowers the decryption-device requirements and further provides the design strategy of advanced portable anti-counterfeiting technology.

Efficient Broadband Near-Infrared Emission from Lead-Free Halide Double Perovskite Single Crystal

Ultra-broadband near-infrared (NIR) luminescent materials are the most important component of NIR light-emitting devices (LED) and are crucial for their performance in sensing applications. A major challenge is to design novel NIR luminescent materials to replace the traditional Cr³⁺ -doped systems. We report an all-inorganic bismuth halide perovskite Cs₂ AgBiCl₆ single crystal that achieves efficient broadband NIR emission by introducing Na ions. Experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the NIR emission originates from self-trapped excitons (STE) emission, which can be enhanced by weakening the strong coupling between electrons and phonons. The high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQY) of 51 %, the extensive full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 270 nm and the stability provide advantages as a NIR luminescent material. The single-crystal-based NIR LED demonstrated its potential applications in NIR spectral detection as well as night vision.

Dual-Band-Tunable White-Light Emission from Bi3+ /Te4+ Emitters in Perovskite-Derivative Cs2 SnCl6 Microcrystals

Luminescent metal halides have attracted considerable attention in next-generation solid-state lighting because of their superior optical properties and easy solution processibility. Herein, we report a new class of highly efficient and dual-band-tunable white-light emitters based on Bi³⁺ /Te⁴⁺ co-doped perovskite derivative Cs₂ SnCl₆ microcrystals. Owing to the strong electron-phonon coupling and efficient energy transfer from Bi³⁺ to Te⁴⁺ , the microcrystals exhibited broad dual-band white-light emission originating from the inter-configurational ³ P_0,1 →¹ S₀ transitions of Bi³⁺ and Te⁴⁺ , with good stability and a high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of up to 68.3 %. Specifically, a remarkable transition in Bi³⁺ -PL lifetime from milliseconds at 10 K to microseconds at 300 K was observed, as solid evidence for the isolated Bi³⁺ emission. These findings provide not only new insights into the excited-state dynamics of Bi³⁺ and Te⁴⁺ in Cs₂ SnCl₆ , but also a general approach to achieve single-composition white-light emitters based on lead-free metal halides through ns² -metal ion co-doping.

Free and self-trapped exciton emission in perovskite CsPbBr3 microcrystals

The all-inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 has been capturing extensive attention due to its high quantum yield in luminescence devices and relatively high stability. Its luminescence is dominated by free exciton (FE) recombination but additional emission peaks were also commonly observed. In this work, a CsPbBr3 microcrystal sample in the orthorhombic phase was prepared by the chemical vapor deposition method. In addition to the FE peak, a broad emission peak was found in this sample and it was attributed to self-trapped excitons (STEs) based on its photophysical properties. The STE emission can only be observed below 70 K. The derived Huang-Rhys factor is ∼12 and the corresponding phonon energy is 15.3 meV. Its lifetime is 123 ns at 10 K, much longer than that of FE emission. The STE emission is thought to be an intrinsic property of CsPbBr3.