1
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Zhao H, Yi D, Li L, Zhao Y, Li M. Modular Weaving DNAzyme in Skeleton of DNA Nanocages for Photoactivatable Catalytic Activity Regulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404064. [PMID: 38517264 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
DNAzymes exhibit tremendous application potentials in the field of biosensing and gene regulation due to its unique catalytic function. However, spatiotemporally controlled regulation of DNAzyme activity remains a daunting challenge, which may cause nonspecific signal leakage or gene silencing of the catalytic systems. Here, we report a photochemical approach via modular weaving active DNAzyme into the skeleton of tetrahedral DNA nanocages (TDN) for light-triggered on-demand liberation of DNAzyme and thus conditional control of gene regulation activity. We demonstrate that the direct encoding of DNAzyme in TDN could improve the biostability of DNAzyme and ensure the delivery efficiency, comparing with the conventional surface anchoring strategy. Furthermore, the molecular weaving of the DNA nanostructures allows remote control of DNAzyme-mediated gene regulation with high spatiotemporal precision of light. In addition, we demonstrate that the approach is applicable for controlled regulation of the gene editing functions of other functional nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengzhi Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Deyu Yi
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 XueYuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 XueYuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China
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2
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Liu Q, Huang Y, Li L, Li Z, Li M. Endogenous Enzyme-Operated Spherical Nucleic Acids for Cell-Selective Protein Capture and Localization Regulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214958. [PMID: 36788111 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Precise regulation of protein activity and localization in cancer cells is crucial to dissect the function of the protein-involved cellular network in tumorigenesis, but there is a lack of suitable methodology. Here we report the design of enzyme-operated spherical nucleic acids (E-SNAs) for manipulation of the nucleocytoplasmic translocation of proteins with cancer-cell selectivity. The E-SNAs are constructed by programmable engineering of aptamer-based modules bearing enzyme-responsive units in predesigned sites and further combination with SNA nanotechnology. We demonstrate that E-SNAs are able to regulate cytoplasmic-to-nuclear shuttling of RelA protein efficiently and specifically in tumor cells, while they remain inactive in normal cells due to insufficient enzyme expression. We further confirmed the generality of this strategy by investigating the enzyme-modulated inhibition/activation of thrombin activity by varying the aptamer-based design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhengping Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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3
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Tang J, Liang A, Yao C, Yang D. Assembly of Rolling Circle Amplification-Produced Ultralong Single-Stranded DNA to Construct Biofunctional DNA Materials. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202673. [PMID: 36263767 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Review by Yang, Yao and colleagues (DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202673) describes recent developments in biofunctional DNA hydrogels and DNA nanocomplexes based on rolling circle amplification (RCA) and introduces assembly strategies and functionalization methods of the ultralong single-strand DNA produced by RCA to construct biofunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpu Tang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Aiqi Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Chi Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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4
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Liu Q, Huang Y, Li Z, Li L, Zhao Y, Li M. An Enzymatically Gated Catalytic Hairpin Assembly Delivered by Lipid Nanoparticles for the Tumor-Specific Activation of Signal Amplification in miRNA Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202214230. [PMID: 36383756 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) imaging in disease sites is vital to elucidate their role in cancer progression. However, limited tumor specificity remains a major barrier for traditional amplification approaches due to associated background signal leakage. Here, we report a generalizable approach via the combination of enzymatically triggered catalytic hairpin assembly with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)-based delivery strategy for tumor-specific activation of signal amplification and therefore sensitive miRNA imaging. The signal amplification is established via engineering of traditional catalytic hairpin assembly with enzymatically activated motifs to achieve triggable miRNA imaging in cancer cells. Furthermore, by the introduction of LNPs to combat biological barriers, we demonstrate that the system enables amplified miRNA imaging in vivo with reduced off-tumor signal, leading to enhanced tumor-to-background contrast compared with traditional methods. This approach that relies on specific triggers and controlled delivery to distinguish miRNA in cancer cells from normal cells should be useful in tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhengping Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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5
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Liu Q, Huang Y, Li Z, Li L, Zhao Y, Li M. An Enzymatically Gated Catalytic Hairpin Assembly Delivered by Lipid Nanoparticles for the Tumor‐Specific Activation of Signal Amplification in miRNA Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202214230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Zhengping Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
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6
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He S, Yu S, Li R, Chen Y, Wang Q, He Y, Liu X, Wang F. On‐Site Non‐enzymatic Orthogonal Activation of a Catalytic DNA Circuit for Self‐Reinforced In Vivo MicroRNA Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206529. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Ruomeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Yingying Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Yuqiu He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Fuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan P. R. China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan P. R. China
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases and Cancer Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Wuhan P. R. China
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7
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Zhao J, Di Z, Li L. Spatiotemporally Selective Molecular Imaging via Upconversion Luminescence‐Controlled, DNA‐Based Biosensor Technology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204277. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhenghan Di
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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8
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He S, Yu S, Li R, Chen Y, Wang Q, He Y, Liu X, Wang F. On‐Site Nonenzymatic Orthogonal Activation of a Catalytic DNA Circuit for Self‐Reinforced In Vivo MicroRNA Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuqiu He
- Wuhan University Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Fuan Wang
- Wuhan University College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Bayi Road 299 430072 Wuhan CHINA
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9
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Zhao J, Di Z, Li L. Spatiotemporally Selective Molecular Imaging via Upconversion Luminescence‐Controlled, DNA‐Based Biosensor Technology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- NCNST: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology CAS key Lab CHINA
| | - Zhenghan Di
- NCNST: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology CAS key Lab CHINA
| | - Lele Li
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Haidian District 100190 Beijing CHINA
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10
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Huang Z, Wang X, Wu Z, Jiang JH. Recent Advances on DNAzyme-Based Sensing. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202101414. [PMID: 35156764 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
DNAzymes are functional nucleic acid with catalytic activity. Owing to the high sensitivity, excellent programmability, and flexible obtainment through in vitro selection, RNA-cleaving DNAzymes have attracted increasing interest in developing DNAzyme-based sensors. In this review, we summarize the recent advances on DNAzyme-based sensing applications. We initially conclude two general strategies to expand the library of DNAzymes, in vitro selection to discover new DNAzymes towards different targets of interest and chemical modifications to endue the existing DNAzymes with new function or properties. We then discuss the recent applications of DNAzyme-based sensors for the detection of a variety of important biomolecules both in vitro and in vivo . Finally, perspectives on the challenges and future directions in the development of DNAzyme-based sensors are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Huang
- Hunan University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Xiangnan Wang
- Hunan University of Technology and Business, College of Science, CHINA
| | - Zhenkun Wu
- Hunan University, State Key Laboratory of Chemeo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South of Lushan Road, 410082, Changsha, CHINA
| | - Jian-Hui Jiang
- Hunan University, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
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11
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Xiang Z, Zhao J, Yi D, Di Z, Li L. Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA)‐Guided Peptide Engineering of an Aptamer Sensor for Protease‐Triggered Molecular Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichu Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Deyu Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhenghan Di
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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12
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Xiang Z, Zhao J, Yi D, Di Z, Li L. PNA-Guided Peptide Engineering of Aptamer Sensor for Protease-Unlocked Molecular Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22659-22663. [PMID: 34355486 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Protease-triggered control of functional DNA has remained unachieved, leaving a significant gap in activatable DNA biotechnology. Here we disclose the design of a protease-activatable aptamer technology that can perform molecular sensing and imaging function in a tumor-specific manner. The system is constructed by locking structure-switching activity of aptamer using a rationally designed PNA-peptide-PNA triblock copolymer. Highly selective cleavage of the peptide substrate is achieved by protease-mediated enzymatic reaction that result in reduced binding affinity of PNA to the aptamer module, with the subsequently recovering its biosensing function. We demonstrated that the DNA/peptide/PNA hybrid system not only allows for tumor cell-selective ATP imaging in vitro , but it also produce a fluorescent signal in vivo with improved tumor specificity. This work illustrates the potential of bridging the gap between functional DNA field and peptide area for precise biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichu Xiang
- NCNST: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, the CAS key lab, CHINA
| | - Jian Zhao
- NCNST: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, the CAS key lab, CHINA
| | - Deyu Yi
- NCNST: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, the CAS key lab, CHINA
| | - Zhenghan Di
- NCNST: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, the CAS key lab, CHINA
| | - Lele Li
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Haidian District, 100190, Beijing, CHINA
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13
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Wang X, Yi X, Huang Z, He J, Wu Z, Chu X, Jiang J. “Repaired and Activated” DNAzyme Enables the Monitoring of DNA Alkylation Repair in Live Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Xin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Zhimei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Jianjun He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Zhenkun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Xia Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Jian‐Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
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Wang X, Yi X, Huang Z, He J, Wu Z, Chu X, Jiang JH. "Repaired and Activated" DNAzyme Enables the Monitoring of DNA Alkylation Repair in Live Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19889-19896. [PMID: 34165234 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Direct measurement of DNA repair is critical for the annotation of their clinical relevance and the discovery of drugs for cancer therapy. Here we reported a "repaired and activated" DNAzyme (RADzyme) by incorporating a single methyl lesion (O6 MeG, 3MeC, or 1MeA) at designated positions through systematic screening. We found that the catalytic activity of the RADzyme was remarkably suppressed and could be restored via enzyme-mediated DNA repair. Benefit from these findings, a fluorogenic RADzyme sensor was developed for the monitoring of MGMT-mediated repair of O6 MeG lesion. Importantly, the sensor allowed the evaluation of MGMT repair activity in different cells and under drugs treatment. Furthermore, another RADzyme sensor was engineered for the monitoring of ALKBH2-mediated repair of 3MeC lesion. This strategy provides a simple and versatile tool for the study of the basic biology of DNA repair, clinical diagnosis and therapeutic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhimei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jianjun He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhenkun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xia Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jian-Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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