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Wang Y, Gianopoulos CG, Liu Z, Kirschbaum K, Alfonso D, Kauffman DR, Jin R. Au 36(SR) 22 Nanocluster and a Periodic Pattern from Six to Fourteen Free Electrons in Core Size Evolution. JACS AU 2024; 4:1928-1934. [PMID: 38818069 PMCID: PMC11134389 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
An Au36(S-tBu)22 nanocluster (NC) is synthesized using the bulky tert-butyl thiol as the ligand. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography reveals that it has an Au25 core which evolves from the Au22 core in the previously reported Au30(S-tBu)18, and the Au25 core is protected by longer staple-like surface motifs. The new Au36 NC extends the members of the face-centered cubic structural evolution by adding an Au3 triangle and an Au4 tetrahedron unit. Additionally, it is found that Au36 emits near-infrared photoluminescence at 863 nm with a quantum yield (QY) of 4.3%, which is five times larger than that of Au30(S-tBu)18-the closest neighbor in the structural evolution pattern. The higher QY of Au36 is attributed to a larger radiative relaxation (kr), resulting from the structural effect. Finally, we find that the longer staple motifs lead to enhanced stability of Au36(S-tBu)22 relative to Au30(S-tBu)18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | | | - Zhongyu Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kristin Kirschbaum
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Dominic Alfonso
- National
Energy Technology Laboratory, United States
Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
| | - Douglas R. Kauffman
- National
Energy Technology Laboratory, United States
Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Liu Z, Luo L, Jin R. Visible to NIR-II Photoluminescence of Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309073. [PMID: 37922431 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise gold nanoclusters (NCs) have emerged as a new class of precision materials and attracted wide interest in recent years. One of the unique properties of such nanoclusters pertains to their photoluminescence (PL), for it can widely span visible to near-infrared-I and -II wavelengths (NIR-I/II), and even beyond 1700 nm by manipulating the size, structure, and composition. The current research efforts focus on the structure-PL correlation and the development of strategies for raising the PL quantum yields, which is nontrivial when moving from the visible to the near-infrared wavelengths, especially in the NIR-II regions. This review summarizes the recent progress in the field, including i) the types of PL observed in gold NCs such as fluorescence, phosphorescence, and thermally activated delayed fluorescence, as well as dual emission; ii) some effective strategies that are devised to improve the PL quantum yield (QY) of gold NCs, such as heterometal doping, surface rigidification, and core phonon engineering, with double-digit QYs for the NIR PL on the horizons; and iii) the applications of luminescent gold NCs in bioimaging, photosensitization, and optoelectronics. Finally, the remaining challenges and opportunities for future research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Lianshun Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
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3
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Bertorelle F, Wegner KD, Perić Bakulić M, Fakhouri H, Comby-Zerbino C, Sagar A, Bernadó P, Resch-Genger U, Bonačić-Koutecký V, Le Guével X, Antoine R. Tailoring the NIR-II Photoluminescence of Single Thiolated Au 25 Nanoclusters by Selective Binding to Proteins. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200570. [PMID: 35703399 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Atomically precise gold nanoclusters are a fascinating class of nanomaterials that exhibit molecule-like properties and have outstanding photoluminescence (PL). Their ultrasmall size, molecular chemistry, and biocompatibility make them extremely appealing for selective biomolecule labeling in investigations of biological mechanisms at the cellular and anatomical levels. In this work, we report a simple route to incorporate a preformed Au25 nanocluster into a model bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein. A new approach combining small-angle X-ray scattering and molecular modeling provides a clear localization of a single Au25 within the protein to a cysteine residue on the gold nanocluster surface. Attaching Au25 to BSA strikingly modifies the PL properties with enhancement and a redshift in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window. This study paves the way to conrol the design of selective sensitive probes in biomolecules through a ligand-based strategy to enable the optical detection of biomolecules in a cellular environment by live imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Bertorelle
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.,Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - K David Wegner
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Perić Bakulić
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology, Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM) at, Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Sciences and Technology (ICAST), University of Split, Poljička cesta 35, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Hussein Fakhouri
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.,Center of Excellence for Science and Technology, Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM) at, Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Sciences and Technology (ICAST), University of Split, Poljička cesta 35, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Clothilde Comby-Zerbino
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Amin Sagar
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Pau Bernadó
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vlasta Bonačić-Koutecký
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology, Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM) at, Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Sciences and Technology (ICAST), University of Split, Poljička cesta 35, 21000, Split, Croatia.,Chemistry Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xavier Le Guével
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes/ INSERM1209/CNRS-UMR5309, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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4
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Dong C, Huang RW, Chen C, Chen J, Nematulloev S, Guo X, Ghosh A, Alamer B, Hedhili MN, Isimjan TT, Han Y, Mohammed OF, Bakr OM. [Cu 36H 10(PET) 24(PPh 3) 6Cl 2] Reveals Surface Vacancy Defects in Ligand-Stabilized Metal Nanoclusters. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11026-11035. [PMID: 34255513 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Precise identification and in-depth understanding of defects in nanomaterials can aid in rationally modulating defect-induced functionalities. However, few studies have explored vacancy defects in ligand-stabilized metal nanoclusters with well-defined structures, owing to the substantial challenge of synthesizing and isolating such defective metal nanoclusters. Herein, a novel defective copper hydride nanocluster, [Cu36H10(PET)24(PPh3)6Cl2] (Cu36; PET: phenylethanethiolate; PPh3: triphenylphosphine), is successfully synthesized at the gram scale via a simple one-pot reduction method. Structural analysis reveals that Cu36 is a distorted half cubic nanocluster, evolved from the perfect Nichol's half cube. The two surface copper vacancies in Cu36 are found to be the principal imperfections, which result in some structural adjustments, including copper atom reconstruction near the vacancies as well as ligand modifications (e.g., substitution, migration, and exfoliation). Density functional theory calculations imply that the above-mentioned defects have a considerable influence on the electronic structure and properties. The modeling suggests that the formation of defective Cu36 rather than the perfect half cube is driven by the enlargement of the energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the nanocluster. The structural evolution induced by the surface copper atom vacancies provides atomically precise insights into the defect-induced readjustment of the local structure and introduces new avenues for understanding the chemistry of defects in nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Dong
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ren-Wu Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cailing Chen
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Saidkhodzha Nematulloev
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xianrong Guo
- Core Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atanu Ghosh
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badriah Alamer
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Nejib Hedhili
- Core Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tayirjan T Isimjan
- Hydrogen Platform, Catalysis Department, SABIC-CRD at KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu Han
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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