carba‐Nicotinamid‐Adenin‐Dinukleotid‐Phosphat: Robuster Cofaktor für die Redox‐Biokatalyse

Functionalised Cofactor Mimics for Interactome Discovery and Beyond

Cofactors are required for almost half of all enzyme reactions, but their functions and binding partners are not fully understood even after decades of research. Functionalised cofactor mimics that bind in place of the unmodified cofactor can provide answers, as well as expand the scope of cofactor activity. Through chemical proteomics approaches such as activity-based protein profiling, the interactome and localisation of the native cofactor in its physiological environment can be deciphered and previously uncharacterised proteins annotated. Furthermore, cofactors that supply functional groups to substrate biomolecules can be hijacked by mimics to site-specifically label targets and unravel the complex biology of post-translational protein modification. The diverse activity of cofactors has inspired the design of mimics for use as inhibitors, antibiotic therapeutics, and chemo- and biosensors, and cofactor conjugates have enabled the generation of novel enzymes and artificial DNAzymes.

Multienzyme Redox System with Cofactor Regeneration for Cyclic Deracemization of Sulfoxides

Optically pure sulfoxides are noteworthy compounds applied in a wide range of industrial fields; however, the biocatalytic deracemization of racemic sulfoxides is challenging. Herein, a high-enantioselective methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) was combined with a low-enantioselective styrene monooxygenase (SMO) for the cyclic deracemization of sulfoxides. Enantiopure sulfoxides were obtained in >90% yield and with >90% enantiomeric excess ( ee ) through dynamic "selective reduction and non-selective oxidation" cycles. The cofactors of MsrA and SMO were subsequently regenerated by the cascade catalysis of three auxiliary enzymes through the consumption of low-cost D-glucose. Moreover, this "one-pot, one-step" cyclic deracemization strategy exhibited a wide substrate scope toward various aromatic, heteroaromatic, alkyl and thio-alkyl sulfoxides. This system proposed an efficient strategy for the green synthesis of chiral sulfoxide .