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Köckenberger J, Klemt I, Sauer C, Arkhypov A, Reshetnikov V, Mokhir A, Heinrich MR. Cyanine- and Rhodamine-Derived Alkynes for the Selective Targeting of Cancerous Mitochondria through Radical Thiol-Yne Coupling in Live Cells. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301340. [PMID: 37171462 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite their long history and their synthetic potential underlined by various recent advances, radical thiol-yne coupling reactions have so far only rarely been exploited for the functionalization of biomolecules, and no examples yet exist for their application in live cells - although natural thiols show widespread occurrence therein. By taking advantage of the particular cellular conditions of mitochondria in cancer cells, we have demonstrated that radical thiol-yne coupling represents a powerful reaction principle for the selective targeting of these organelles. Within our studies, fluorescently labeled reactive alkyne probes were investigated, for which the fluorescent moiety was chosen to enable both mitochondria accumulation as well as highly sensitive detection. After preliminary studies under cell-free conditions, the most promising alkyne-dye conjugates were evaluated in various cellular experiments comprising analysis by flow cytometry and microscopy. All in all, these results pave the way for improved future therapeutic strategies relying on live-cell compatibility and selectivity among cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Köckenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Insa Klemt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Caroline Sauer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anton Arkhypov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Viktor Reshetnikov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Gong Q, Li X, Li T, Wu X, Hu J, Yang F, Zhang X. A Carbon‐Carbon Bond Cleavage‐Based Prodrug Activation Strategy Applied to β‐Lapachone for Cancer‐Specific Targeting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210001. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Xingsen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Jiabao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Fulai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
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Gong Q, Li X, Li T, Wu X, Hu J, Yang F, Zhang X. A Carbon‐Carbon Bond Cleavage–Based Prodrug Activation Strategy Applied to β‐Lapachone for Cancer‐Specific Targeting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Gong
- China Pharmaceutical University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Xiang Li
- China Pharmaceutical University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Tian Li
- China Pharmaceutical University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Xingsen Wu
- China Pharmaceutical University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Jiabao Hu
- China Pharmaceutical University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Fulai Yang
- China Pharmaceutical University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- China Pharmaceutical University Department of Chemsitry No.639 Longmian Avenue 211198 Nanjing CHINA
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Gizem Özkan H, Thakor V, Xu H, Bila G, Bilyy R, Bida D, Böttcher M, Mougiakakos D, Tietze R, Mokhir A. Anticancer Aminoferrocene Derivatives Inducing Production of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104420. [PMID: 35419888 PMCID: PMC9324933 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and deficient mitochondria are two weak points of cancer cells. Their simultaneous targeting is a valid therapeutic strategy to design highly potent anticancer drugs. The remaining challenge is to limit the drug effects to cancer cells without affecting normal ones. We have previously developed three aminoferrocene (AF)‐based derivatives, which are activated in the presence of elevated levels of ROS present in cancer cells with formation of electron‐rich compounds able to generate ROS and reduce mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). All of them exhibit important drawbacks including either low efficacy or high unspecific toxicity that prevents their application in vivo up to date. Herein we describe unusual AF‐derivatives lacking these drawbacks. These compounds act via an alternative mechanism: they are chemically stable in the presence of ROS, generate mitochondrial ROS in cancer cells, but not normal cells and exhibit anticancer effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Gizem Özkan
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen Nuremberg (FAU) Organic Chemistry II 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Vanrajsinh Thakor
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen Nuremberg (FAU) Organic Chemistry II 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Hong‐Gui Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen Nuremberg (FAU) Organic Chemistry II 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Galyna Bila
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University Pekarska str. 69 79010 Lviv Ukraine
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University Pekarska str. 69 79010 Lviv Ukraine
| | - Daria Bida
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen Nuremberg (FAU) Organic Chemistry II 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg Medicinal Faculty University Hospital for Hematology and Oncology Leipzigerstraße 44 39120 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg Medicinal Faculty University Hospital for Hematology and Oncology Leipzigerstraße 44 39120 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Rainer Tietze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON) Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen Nuremberg (FAU) University Hospital Glückstraße 10a 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen Nuremberg (FAU) Organic Chemistry II 91058 Erlangen Germany
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Gizem Özkan H, Toms J, Maschauer S, Prante O, Mokhir A. Aminoferrocene‐Based Anticancer Prodrugs Labelled with Cyanine Dyes for in vivo Imaging. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Gizem Özkan
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Johannes Toms
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry Schwabachanlage 12 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Simone Maschauer
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry Schwabachanlage 12 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Olaf Prante
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry Schwabachanlage 12 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
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