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Yu YJ, Schäfer M, Daniliuc CG, Gilmour R. Catalytic, Regioselective 1,4-Fluorodifunctionalization of Dienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214906. [PMID: 36345795 PMCID: PMC10107283 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A catalysis-based regioselective 1,4-fluorofunctionalization of trifluoromethyl substituted 1,3-dienes has been developed to access compact, highly functionalized products. The process allows E,Z-mixed dienes to be processed to a single E-alkene isomer, and leverages an inexpensive and operationally convenient I(I)/I(III) catalysis platform. The first example of catalytic 1,4-difluorination is disclosed and subsequently evolved to enable 1,4-hetero-difunctionalization, which allows δ-fluoro-alcohol and amine derivatives to be forged in a single operation. The protocol is compatible with a variety of nucleophiles including fluoride, nitriles, carboxylic acids, alcohols and even water thereby allowing highly functionalized products, with a stereocenter bearing both C(sp3 )-F and C(sp3 )-CF3 groups, to be generated rapidly. Scalability (up to 3 mmol), and facile post-reaction modifications are demonstrated to underscore the utility of the method in expanding organofluorine chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jie Yu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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2
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Feng Z, Marset X, Tostado J, Kircher J, She Z, Golz C, Mata RA, Simon M, Alcarazo M. 5-(Trifluorovinyl)dibenzothiophenium Triflate: Introducing the 1,1,2-Trifluoroethylene Tether in Drug-Like Structures. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202203966. [PMID: 36545870 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript reports the synthesis and structure of an unprecedented sulfonium salt, 5-(trifluorovinyl)dibenzothiophenium triflate, and its use as a versatile reagent for the introduction of the bioisosteric 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene linker in drug-like structures. The protocol developed consists of the reaction of this compound with alcohols and phenols to deliver a complete set of 1,2,2-trifluoro-2-(alkoxy-/aryloxy)ethyl sulfonium salts, which have been purified by column chromatography and fully characterized. Subsequent single electron reduction under mild photochemical conditions efficiently affords the corresponding fluoroalkyl radicals that are trapped either intra- or intermolecularly through their reaction with (hetero)arenes. Theoretical calculations are used to evaluate the conformational consequences derived from the presence of the CF2 -CHF tether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Feng
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xavier Marset
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jaime Tostado
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kircher
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhijie She
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A Mata
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Simon
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Schäfer M, Stünkel T, Daniliuc CG, Gilmour R. Regio- and Enantioselective Intermolecular Aminofluorination of Alkenes via Iodine(I)/Iodine(III) Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205508. [PMID: 35583965 PMCID: PMC9400885 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The regio‐ and enantio‐selective, intermolecular vicinal fluoroamination of α‐trifluoromethyl styrenes has been achieved by enantioselective II/IIII catalysis. Leveraging C2‐symmetric resorcinol‐based aryl iodide catalysts, it has been possible to intercept the transient iodonium intermediate using simple nitriles, which function as both the solvent and nucleophile. In situ Ritter reaction provides direct access to the corresponding amides (up to 89 % yield, e.r. 93 : 7). This main group catalysis paradigm inverts the intrinsic regioselectivity of the uncatalyzed process, thereby providing facile access to tertiary, benzylic stereocenters bearing both CF3 and F groups. Privileged phenethylamine pharmacophores can be generated in which there is complete local partial charge inversion (CF3δ−/Fδ− versus CH3δ+/Hδ+). Crystallographic analyses of representative β‐fluoroamide products reveal highly pre‐organized conformations that manifest the stereoelectronic gauche effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schäfer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Timo Stünkel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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4
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Häfliger J, Sokolova OO, Lenz M, Daniliuc CG, Gilmour R. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Fluorinated Isochromans via Iodine(I)/Iodine(III) Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205277. [PMID: 35536157 PMCID: PMC9401867 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The success of saturated, fluorinated heterocycles in contemporary drug discovery provides a stimulus for creative endeavor in main group catalysis. Motivated by the ubiquity of isochromans across the bioactive small molecule spectrum, the prominence of the anomeric effect in regulating conformation, and the metabolic lability of the benzylic position, iodine(I)/iodine(III) catalysis has been leveraged for the stereocontrolled generation of selectively fluorinated analogs. To augment the current arsenal of fluorocyclization reactions involving carboxylic acid derivatives, the reaction of readily accessible 2‐vinyl benzaldehydes is disclosed (up to >95 : 05 d.r. and 97 : 03 e.r.). Key stereoelectronic interactions manifest themselves in the X‐ray crystal structures of the products, thereby validating the [CH2‐CHF] fragment as a stereoelectronic mimic of the [O‐CH(OR)] acetal motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Häfliger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Olga O Sokolova
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Madina Lenz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Häfliger J, Sokolova OO, Lenz M, Daniliuc CG, Gilmour R. Stereokontrollierte Synthese von fluorierten Isochromanen durch Iod(I)/Iod(III)‐Katalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Häfliger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Olga O. Sokolova
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Madina Lenz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
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Schäfer M, Stünkel T, Daniliuc CG, Gilmour R. Regio‐ and Enantioselective Intermolecular Aminofluorination of Alkenes via Iodine(I)/Iodine(III) Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schäfer
- WWU Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Timo Stünkel
- WWU Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- WWU Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster Organic Chemistry Institute Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Muenster GERMANY
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Wang Q, Biosca M, Himo F, Szabó KJ. Electrophilic Fluorination of Alkenes via Bora‐Wagner–Meerwein Rearrangement. Access to β‐Difluoroalkyl Boronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry Stockholm University Sweden
| | - Maria Biosca
- Department of Organic Chemistry Stockholm University Sweden
| | - Fahmi Himo
- Department of Organic Chemistry Stockholm University Sweden
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8
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Wang Q, Biosca M, Himo F, Szabó KJ. Electrophilic Fluorination of Alkenes via Bora-Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangement. Access to β-Difluoroalkyl Boronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26327-26331. [PMID: 34613633 PMCID: PMC9299629 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The electrophilic fluorination of geminal alkyl substituted vinyl‐Bmida derivatives proceeds via bora‐Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement. According to DFT modelling studies this rearrangement occurs with a low activation barrier via a bora‐cyclopropane shaped TS. The Bmida group has a larger migration aptitude than the alkyl moiety in the Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement of the presented electrophilic fluorination reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Maria Biosca
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Fahmi Himo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Kálmán J Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden
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