1
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Wu JH, Tan JP, Zheng JY, He J, Song Z, Su Z, Wang T. Towards Axially Chiral Pyrazole-Based Phosphorus Scaffolds by Dipeptide-Phosphonium Salt Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215720. [PMID: 36694276 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Given the comparatively lower rotational barriers, the catalytic asymmetric construction of axially chiral biaryl structures, especially those containing a five-membered heterocycle, still remains a challenge. Herein, we described a general and modular protocol to access atropisomeric arylpyrazole scaffolds containing a phosphorus unit by a dipeptide phosphonium salt catalyzed reaction involving an oxidative central-to-axial chirality conversion. This reaction features excellent yields and enantioselectivities, broad substrate scope, and a low catalyst loading, delivering axially chiral phosphine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, 411104, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhenlei Song
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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2
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Li X, Wang GW, Liu LX, Yu CB, Zhou YG. Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenolysis of Aryl Triflates for Construction of Axially Chiral Biaryls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301337. [PMID: 36802127 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the first palladium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenolysis of readily available aryl triflates via desymmetrization and kinetic resolution for facile construction of axially chiral biaryl scaffolds with excellent enantioselectivities and s selectivity factors. The axially chiral monophosphine ligands could be prepared from these chiral biaryl compounds and were further applied to palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation with excellent ee values and high branched and linear ratio, which demonstrated the potential utility of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, P. R. China
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3
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Wu ZH, Wang HY, Yang HL, Wei LH, Hayashi T, Duan WL. Secondary Phosphine Sulfide-Enabled Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213904. [PMID: 36305853 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An iridium-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of branched allylic phosphine compounds under mild conditions is reported. Products bearing various functional groups can be synthesized with excellent stereoselectivity (up to 99.9 % ee) and regioselectivity. The employment of phosphine sulfides with relatively low deactivation capacity against metal catalysts is crucial for the success of this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Hua Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 Xi Changan Street, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Huai-Yu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 Xi Changan Street, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Huai-Lan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 Xi Changan Street, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Li-Hua Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 Xi Changan Street, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Tamio Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 Xi Changan Street, Xi'an, 710119, China
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4
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Chen Y, He J, Zhuang C, Liu Z, Xiao K, Su Z, Ren X, Wang T. Synergistic Catalysis between a Dipeptide Phosphonium Salt and a Metal‐Based Lewis Acid for Asymmetric Synthesis of
N
‐Bridged [3.2.1] Ring Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jiajia He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhuang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Zanjiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Kai Xiao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
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5
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Zhu L, Peng H, Guo Y, Che J, Wu JH, Su Z, Wang T. Enantioselective Synthesis of Atropisomeric Biaryl Phosphorus Compounds by Chiral-Phosphonium-Salt-Enabled Cascade Arene Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202467. [PMID: 35548922 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Axially chiral biaryl monophosphorus molecules, exemplified by atropisomeric 1,1'-biaryl aminophosphines, are significant motifs in numerous chiral ligands/catalysts. Developing efficient methods for preparing phosphorus compounds with these privileged motifs is an important endeavor in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we develop an effective, modular method by a chiral-phosphonium-salt-catalyzed novel cascade between phosphorus-containing nitroolefins and α,α-dicyanoolefins, leading to a great diversity of atropisomeric biaryls bearing phosphorus groups in high yields with excellent stereoselectivities. The reaction features include a Thorpe-type cycloaddition/oxidative hydroxylation/aromatization cascade pathway with a central-to-axial chirality transfer process. Insight gained from our studies is expected to advance general efforts towards the catalytic synthesis of atropisomeric biaryl phosphorus compounds, offering a platform for developing new efficient chiral ligands and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Heling Peng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China.,Medical Administration Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jixing Che
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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6
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Chen Y, He J, Zhuang C, Liu Z, Xiao K, Su Z, Ren X, Wang T. Synergistic Catalysis between a Dipeptide Phosphonium Salt and a Metal-Based Lewis Acid for Asymmetric Synthesis of N-Bridged [3.2.1] Ring Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207334. [PMID: 35766480 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We present an unprecedented synergic catalytic route for the asymmetric construction of fluorinated N-bridged [3.2.1] cyclic members of tropane family via a bifunctional phosphonium salt/silver co-catalyzed cyclization process. A broad variety of substrates bearing an assortment of functional groups are compatible with this method, providing targeted compounds bearing seven-membered ring and four contiguous stereocenters in high yields with excellent stereoselectivities. The gram-scale preparations, facile elaborations and preliminary biological activities of the products demonstrate the application potential. Moreover, both experimental and computational mechanistic studies revealed that the cyclization proceeded via a "sandwich" reaction model with multiple weak-bond cooperative activations. Insights gained from our studies are expected to advance general efforts towards the catalytic synthesis of challenging chiral heterocyclic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhuang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zanjiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xiao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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7
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Zhu L, Peng H, Guo Y, Che J, Wu J, Su Z, Wang T. Enantioselective Synthesis of Atropisomeric Biaryl Phosphorus Compounds by Chiral‐Phosphonium‐Salt‐Enabled Cascade Arene Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Heling Peng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- Medical Administration Department Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Chengdu 610072 P. R. China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jixing Che
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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8
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Yu L, Liu J, Wang H, Xu L, Wu Y, Zheng C, Zhao G. Asymmetric Dieckmann Condensation towards Spirocyclic Oxindoles Catalyzed by Amino Acid‐Derived Phosphonium Salts. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Changwu Zheng
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Pharmacy Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Pharmacy Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
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9
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Zhang H, He J, Chen Y, Zhuang C, Jiang C, Xiao K, Su Z, Ren X, Wang T. Regio‐ and Stereoselective Cascade of β,γ‐Unsaturated Ketones by Dipeptided Phosphonium Salt Catalysis: Stereospecific Construction of Dihydrofuro‐Fused [2,3‐b] Skeletons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongkui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jiajia He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Yayun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhuang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 P. R. China
| | - Kai Xiao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
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10
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Zhang H, He J, Chen Y, Zhuang C, Jiang C, Xiao K, Su Z, Ren X, Wang T. Regio- and Stereoselective Cascade of β,γ-Unsaturated Ketones by Dipeptided Phosphonium Salt Catalysis: Stereospecific Construction of Dihydrofuro-Fused [2,3-b] Skeletons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19860-19870. [PMID: 34213051 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chiral (dihydro)furo-fused heterocycles are significant structural motifs in numerous natural products, functional materials and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, developing efficient methods for preparing compounds with these privileged scaffolds is an important endeavor in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we develop an effective, modular method by a dipeptide-phosphonium salt-catalyzed regio- and stereoselective cascade reaction of readily available linear β,γ-unsaturated ketones with aromatic alkenes, affording a wide variety of structurally fused heterocyclic molecules in high yields with excellent stereoselectivities. Moreover, mechanistic investigations revealed that the bifunctional phosphonium salt controlled the regio- and stereoselectivities of this cascade reaction, particularly proceeding through the initial ketone α-addition followed by O-participated substitution; and the multiple hydrogen-bonding interactions between Brønsted acid moieties of catalyst and nitro group of aromatic alkene were crucial in asymmetric induction. Given the generality, versatility, and high efficiency of this method, we anticipate that it will have broad synthetic utilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yayun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China.,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhuang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xiao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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