1
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Chen ZH, Li TZ, Wang NY, Ma XF, Ni SF, Zhang YC, Shi F. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral N,N'-Bisindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300419. [PMID: 36749711 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study establishes the first organocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral N,N'-bisindoles via chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed formal (3+2) cycloadditions of indole-based enaminones as novel platform molecules with 2,3-diketoesters, where de novo indole-ring formation is involved. Using this new strategy, various axially chiral N,N'-bisindoles were synthesized in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 87 % yield and 96 % ee). More importantly, this class of axially chiral N,N'-bisindoles exhibited some degree of cytotoxicity toward cancer cells and was derived into axially chiral phosphine ligands with high catalytic activity. This study provides a new strategy for enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral N,N'-bisindoles using asymmetric organocatalysis and is the first to realize the applications of such scaffolds in medicinal chemistry and asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Han Chen
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Tian-Zhen Li
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.,School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Ning-Yi Wang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Ma
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.,School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
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2
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Li Y, Liou Y, Oliveira JCA, Ackermann L. Ruthenium(II)/Imidazolidine Carboxylic Acid-Catalyzed C-H Alkylation for Central and Axial Double Enantio-Induction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212595. [PMID: 36108175 PMCID: PMC9828380 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective C-H activation has surfaced as a transformative toolbox for the efficient assembly of chiral molecules. However, despite of major advances in rhodium and palladium catalysis, ruthenium(II)-catalyzed enantioselective C-H activation has thus far largely proven elusive. In contrast, we herein report on a ruthenium(II)-catalyzed highly regio-, diastereo- and enantioselective C-H alkylation. The key to success was represented by the identification of novel C2-symmetric chiral imidazolidine carboxylic acids (CICAs), which are easily accessible in a one-pot fashion, as highly effective chiral ligands. This ruthenium/CICA system enabled the efficient installation of central and axial chirality, and featured excellent branched to linear ratios with generally >20 : 1 dr and up to 98 : 2 er. Mechanistic studies by experiment and computation were carried out to understand the catalyst mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Li
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Yan‐Cheng Liou
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - João C. A. Oliveira
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
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3
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Gou B, Tang Y, Lin Y, Yu L, Jian Q, Sun H, Chen J, Zhou L. Modular Construction of Heterobiaryl Atropisomers and Axially Chiral Styrenes via All‐Carbon Tetrasubstituted VQMs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208174. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo‐Bo Gou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Yue Tang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Le Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Qing‐Song Jian
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Huai‐Ri Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry & Materials Science National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
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4
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Gou BB, Tang Y, Lin YH, Yu L, Jian QS, Sun HR, Chen J, Zhou L. Modular Construction of Heterobiaryl Atropisomers and Axially Chiral Styrenes via All‐Carbon Tetrasubstituted VQMs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Bo Gou
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Yue Tang
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Yan-Hong Lin
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Le Yu
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Qing-Song Jian
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Huai-Ri Sun
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Jie Chen
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science CHINA
| | - Ling Zhou
- Northwest University College of Chemistry & Materials Science 1 Xuefu Ave., Chang’an District 710127 Xi'an CHINA
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5
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Wang ZS, Zhu LJ, Li CT, Liu BY, Hong X, Ye LW. Synthesis of Axially Chiral N-Arylindoles via Atroposelective Cyclization of Ynamides Catalyzed by Chiral Brønsted Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201436. [PMID: 35246909 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, asymmetric catalysis of ynamides has attracted much attention, but these reactions mostly constructed central chirality, except for a few examples on the synthesis of axially chiral compounds which exclusively relied on noble-metal catalysis. Herein, a facile access to axially chiral N-heterocycles enabled by chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed 5-endo-dig cyclization of ynamides is disclosed, which represents the first metal-free protocol for the construction of axially chiral compounds from ynamides. This method allows the practical and atom-economical synthesis of valuable N-arylindoles in excellent yields with generally excellent enantioselectivities. Moreover, organocatalysts and ligands based on such axially chiral N-arylindole skeletons are demonstrated to be applicable to asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lu-Jing Zhu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Cui-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Bin-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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6
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Wang P, Huang Y, Jing J, Wang F, Li X. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Atroposelective Synthesis of C-N Axially Chiral Naphthylamines and Variants via C-H Activation. Org Lett 2022; 24:2531-2535. [PMID: 35354287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is the efficient and atroposelective construction of two categories of C-N atropisomers via rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H activation of sulfoxonium ylides en route to [4+2] annulation with sterically hindered, electron-rich alkynes. This reaction proceeds with high regio- and enantioselectivity under redox-neutral conditions via a double-substrate activation strategy, providing a novel entry to C-N axially chiral 4-functionalized 1-naphthols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Yaling Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Jierui Jing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Fen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an 710062, China
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7
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Synthesis of Axially Chiral N‐Arylindoles via Atroposelective Cyclization of Ynamides Catalyzed by Chiral Brønsted Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Zhang D, He X, Yang T, Liu S. Insights into the Activation Mode of α-Carbonyl Sulfoxonium Ylides in Rhodium-Catalyzed C-H Activation: A Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202100254. [PMID: 35212172 PMCID: PMC9278107 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A computational study has been performed to investigate the mechanism of RhIII‐catalyzed C−H bond activation using sulfoxonium ylides as a carbene precursor. The stepwise and concerted activation modes for sulfoxonium ylides were investigated. Detailed theoretical results showed that the favored stepwise pathway involves C−H bond activation, carbonization, carbene insertion, and protonation. The free energy profiles for dialkylation of 2‐phenylpyridine were also calculated to account for the low yield of this reaction. Furthermore, the substituent effect was elucidated by comparing the energy barriers for the protonation of meta‐ and para‐substituted sulfoxonium ylides calculated by density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianmin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Xiaofang He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Song Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
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9
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Rhodium‐Catalyzed Atroposelective Access to Axially Chiral Olefins via C−H Bond Activation and Directing Group Migration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Mi R, Chen H, Zhou X, Li N, Ji D, Wang F, Lan Y, Li X. Rhodium-Catalyzed Atroposelective Access to Axially Chiral Olefins via C-H Bond Activation and Directing Group Migration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202111860. [PMID: 34677892 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Axially chiral open-chain olefins represent an underexplored class of chiral platform. In this report, two classes of tetrasubstituted axially chiral acyclic olefins have been accessed in excellent enantioselectivity and regioselectivity via C-H activation of (hetero)arenes assisted by a migratable directing group en route to coupling with sterically hindered alkynes. The coupling of indoles bearing an N-aminocarbonyl directing group afforded C-N axially chiral acrylamides with the assistance of a racemic zinc carboxylate additive. DFT studies suggest a β-nitrogen elimination-reinsertion pathway for the directing group migration. Meanwhile, the employment of N-phenoxycarboxamide delivered C-C axially chiral enamides via migration of the oxidizing directing group. Experiments suggest that in both cases the (hetero)arene substrate adopts a well-defined orientation during the C-H activation, which in turn determines the disposition of the alkyne in migratory insertion. Synthetic applications of representative chiral olefins are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Mi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Haohua Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xukai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Nan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Danqing Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Fen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an, 710062, China.,Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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11
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Hu P, Kong L, Wang F, Zhu X, Li X. Twofold C-H Activation-Based Enantio- and Diastereoselective C-H Arylation Using Diarylacetylenes as Rare Arylating Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20424-20429. [PMID: 34145966 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
C-H bond activation has been established as an attractive strategy to access axially chiral biaryls, and the most straightforward method is direct C-H arylation of arenes. However, the arylating source has been limited to several classes of reactive and bulky reagents. Reported herein is rhodium-catalyzed 1:2 coupling of diarylphosphinic amides and diarylacetylenes for enantio- and diastereoselective construction of biaryls with both central and axial chirality. This twofold C-H activation reaction stays contrast to the previously explored Miura-Satoh type 1:2 coupling of arenes and alkynes in terms of chemoselectivity and proceeded under mild conditions with the alkyne acting as a rare arylating reagent. Both C-H activation events are stereo-determining and are under catalyst control, with the 2nd C-H activation being diastereo-determining in a remote fashion. Analysis of the stereochemistry of the major and side products suggests moderate enantioselectivity of the initial C-H activation-desymmetrization process. However, the minor (R) rhodium vinyl intermediate is consumed more readily in undesired protonolysis, eventually resulting in high enantio- and diastereoselectivity of the major product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panjie Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Lingheng Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Fen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an, 710062, China.,Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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12
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Hu P, Kong L, Wang F, Zhu X, Li X. Twofold C−H Activation‐Based Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective C−H Arylation Using Diarylacetylenes as Rare Arylating Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panjie Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU) Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Lingheng Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU) Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Fen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU) Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU) Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Xingwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU) Xi'an 710062 China
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Sciences Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China
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