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Malvermi R, Albano M, Gonzalez S, Fiocco G, Antonacci F, Malagodi M, Sarti A. The impact of alkaline treatments on elasticity in spruce tonewood. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13335. [PMID: 35922469 PMCID: PMC9349190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly believed that violins sound differently when finished. However, if the role of varnishes on the vibrational properties of these musical instruments is well-established, how the first components of the complete wood finish impact on the final result is still unclear. According to tradition, the priming process consists of two distinct stages, called pre-treatment and sizing. The literature reports some recipes used by old Cremonese luthiers as primers, mainly based on alkaline aqueous solutions and protein-based glues. In this manuscript, we analyze the impact of these treatments on the mechanical properties of the material. The combination of two pre-treatments and three sizes is considered on nine different plates. We compare the vibrational properties before and after the application and assess the effects of the different primers, also supported by finite element modeling. The main outcome is that the combination of particular treatments on the violin surface before varnishing leads to changes not only to the wood appearance, but also to its vibrational properties. Indeed pre-treatments, often considered negligible in terms of vibrational changes, enhance the penetration of the size into the wood structure and strengthen the impact of the latter on the final rigidity of the material along the longitudinal and radial directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Malvermi
- Musical Acoustics Lab at the Violin Museum of Cremona, DEIB-Politecnico di Milano, Cremona Campus, Cremona, Italy.
| | - Michela Albano
- Arvedi Laboratory of non-Invasive Diagnostics, CISRiC, University of Pavia, Via Bell'Aspa 3, 26100, Cremona, Italy.,Department of Musicology and Cultural Heritage, University of Pavia, 26100, Cremona, Italy
| | - Sebastian Gonzalez
- Musical Acoustics Lab at the Violin Museum of Cremona, DEIB-Politecnico di Milano, Cremona Campus, Cremona, Italy
| | - Giacomo Fiocco
- Arvedi Laboratory of non-Invasive Diagnostics, CISRiC, University of Pavia, Via Bell'Aspa 3, 26100, Cremona, Italy
| | - Fabio Antonacci
- Musical Acoustics Lab at the Violin Museum of Cremona, DEIB-Politecnico di Milano, Cremona Campus, Cremona, Italy
| | - Marco Malagodi
- Arvedi Laboratory of non-Invasive Diagnostics, CISRiC, University of Pavia, Via Bell'Aspa 3, 26100, Cremona, Italy.,Department of Musicology and Cultural Heritage, University of Pavia, 26100, Cremona, Italy
| | - Augusto Sarti
- Musical Acoustics Lab at the Violin Museum of Cremona, DEIB-Politecnico di Milano, Cremona Campus, Cremona, Italy
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