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Zhang M, Zhou Q, Luo H, Tang ZL, Xu X, Wang XC. C3-Cyanation of Pyridines: Constraints on Electrophiles and Determinants of Regioselectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216894. [PMID: 36517651 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Methods for C-H cyanation of pyridines are rare. Here, we report a method for C3-selective cyanation of pyridines by a tandem process with the reaction of an in situ generated dihydropyridine with a cyano electrophile as the key step. The method is suitable for late-stage functionalization of pyridine drugs. The low reduction potential of the electrophile and effective transfer of the nitrile group were found to be essential for the success of this method. We studied the reaction mechanism in detail by means of control experiments and theoretical calculations and found that a combination of electronic and steric factors determined the regioselectivity of reactions involving C2-substituted pyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qingyang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Heng Luo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zi-Lu Tang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Friedrich M, Manolikakes G. Base‐mediated C4‐selective C‐H‐sulfonylation of pyridine. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Friedrich
- University of Kaiserslautern: Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Georg Manolikakes
- TU Kaiserslautern fachbereich Chemie Erwin-schrödinger-Str. Geb 54 67663 Kaiserslautern GERMANY
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