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Wu LQ, Li Z, Fan ZY, Li K, Li J, Huang D, Li A, Yang Y, Xie W, Zhao Q. Unveiling the Role of Fluorination in Hexacyclic Coordinated Ether Electrolytes for High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5964-5976. [PMID: 38381843 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Fluorinated ethers have become promising electrolyte solvent candidates for lithium metal batteries (LMBs) because they are endowed with high oxidative stability and high Coulombic efficiencies of lithium metal stripping/plating. Up to now, most reported fluorinated ether electrolytes are -CF3-based, and the influence of ion solvation in modifying degree of fluorination has not been well-elucidated. In this work, we synthesize a hexacyclic coordinated ether (1-methoxy-3-ethoxypropane, EMP) and its fluorinated ether counterparts with -CH2F (F1EMP), -CHF2 (F2EMP), or -CF3 (F3EMP) as terminal group. With lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide as single salt, the solvation structure, Li-ion transport behavior, lithium deposition kinetics, and high-voltage stability of the electrolytes were systematically studied. Theoretical calculations and spectra reveal the gradually reduced solvating power from nonfluorinated EMP to fully fluorinated F3EMP, which leads to decreased ionic conductivity. In contrast, the weakly solvating fluorinated ethers possess higher Li+ transference number and exchange current density. Overall, partially fluorinated -CHF2 is demonstrated as the desired group. Further full cell testing using high-voltage (4.4 V) and high-loading (3.885 mAh cm-2) LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode demonstrates that F2EMP electrolyte enables 80% capacity retention after 168 cycles under limited Li (50 μm) and lean electrolyte (5 mL Ah-1) conditions and 129 cycles under extremely lean electrolyte (1.8 mL Ah-1) and the anode-free conditions. This work deepens the fundamental understanding on the ion transport and interphase dynamics under various degrees of fluorination and provides a feasible approach toward the design of fluorinated ether electrolytes for practical high-voltage LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Qing Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Fan
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kun Li
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jia Li
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dubin Huang
- Beijing Golden Feather New Energy Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Aijun Li
- Beijing Golden Feather New Energy Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing Golden Feather New Energy Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Dong L, Zhong S, Yuan B, Ji Y, Liu J, Liu Y, Yang C, Han J, He W. Electrolyte Engineering for High-Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9837586. [PMID: 36128181 PMCID: PMC9470208 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9837586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
High-voltage lithium metal batteries (HVLMBs) have been arguably regarded as the most prospective solution to ultrahigh-density energy storage devices beyond the reach of current technologies. Electrolyte, the only component inside the HVLMBs in contact with both aggressive cathode and Li anode, is expected to maintain stable electrode/electrolyte interfaces (EEIs) and facilitate reversible Li+ transference. Unfortunately, traditional electrolytes with narrow electrochemical windows fail to compromise the catalysis of high-voltage cathodes and infamous reactivity of the Li metal anode, which serves as a major contributor to detrimental electrochemical performance fading and thus impedes their practical applications. Developing stable electrolytes is vital for the further development of HVLMBs. However, optimization principles, design strategies, and future perspectives for the electrolytes of the HVLMBs have not been summarized in detail. This review first gives a systematical overview of recent progress in the improvement of traditional electrolytes and the design of novel electrolytes for the HVLMBs. Different strategies of conventional electrolyte modification, including high concentration electrolytes and CEI and SEI formation with additives, are covered. Novel electrolytes including fluorinated, ionic-liquid, sulfone, nitrile, and solid-state electrolytes are also outlined. In addition, theoretical studies and advanced characterization methods based on the electrolytes of the HVLMBs are probed to study the internal mechanism for ultrahigh stability at an extreme potential. It also foresees future research directions and perspectives for further development of electrolytes in the HVLMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Dong
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments and Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Shijie Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments and Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Botao Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments and Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yuanpeng Ji
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401151, China
| | - Jipeng Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yuanpeng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments and Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Chunhui Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jiecai Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments and Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Weidong He
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments and Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401151, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
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