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Bégué D, Lafargue-Dit-Hauret W, Dargelos A, Wentrup C. CHNO - Formylnitrene, Cyanic, Isocyanic, Fulminic, and Isofulminic Acids and their Interrelationships at DFT and CASPT2 Levels of Theory. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9088-9097. [PMID: 37875391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Fulminic and cyanic acids played a decisive role in the conception of isomerism 200 years ago. Cyanic (HOCN), isocyanic (HNCO), and fulminic (HCNO) acids have been detected in several interstellar sources, but isofulminic acid (HONC) is little known. Here we examine the interrelationships between the four acids and formylnitrene, HC(O)N, at the CASPT2 and three DFT levels. Formylnitrene has a triplet ground state, T0, a closed shell singlet (CSS), S0, and an open-shell singlet (OSS), S1, lying ∼7 and 27 kcal/mol above T0, respectively. The CSS is weakly stabilized by a 12 kcal/mol bond between the N and the O atoms. A conical intersection 12 kcal/mol above T0 permits easy T0-S0 interchange. Formyl azide and formylnitrene (T0 and S0) are isomerized thermally to HNCO. HOCN is best obtained via dissociation of the nitrene (or of HNCO) to H• + NCO• radicals ∼46 kcal/mol above the T0 nitrene. Isofulminic acid, HONC, isomerizes readily to cyanic acid, HOCN, in thermal and photochemical reactions. Fulminic acid, HCNO, can isomerize to HNCO via CSS formylnitrene. Easy tautomerization prevents the preparation of HOCN in quantity. The barrier to isomerization is strongly reduced in small hydrogen-bonded aggregates so that trace amounts of HOCN can exist in equilibrium with HNCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Bégué
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254, 64000, Pau, France
| | - William Lafargue-Dit-Hauret
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Alain Dargelos
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physicochimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Gerlach M, Schaffner D, Preitschopf T, Karaev E, Bozek J, Holzmeier F, Fischer I. X-ray induced fragmentation of fulminic acid, HCNO. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:114306. [PMID: 37721327 DOI: 10.1063/5.0167395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The fragmentation of fulminic acid, HCNO, after excitation and ionization of core electrons was investigated using Auger-electron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy. A considerable degree of site-selectivity is observed. Ionization of the carbon and oxygen 1s electron leads to around 70% CH+ + NO+, while ionization at the central N-atom produces only 37% CH+ + NO+, but preferentially forms O+ + HCN+ and O+ + CN+. The mass-selected Auger-electron spectra show that these fragments are associated with higher binding energy final states. Furthermore, ionization of the C 1s electron leads to a higher propensity for C-H bond fission compared to O 1s ionization. Following resonant Auger-Meitner decay after 1s → 3π excitation, 12 different ionic products are formed. At the C 1s edge, the parent ion HCNO+ is significantly more stable compared to the other two edges, which we also attribute to the higher contribution of final states with low binding energies in the C 1s resonant Auger electron spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Gerlach
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Schaffner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Preitschopf
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Emil Karaev
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - John Bozek
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Gerlach M, Preitschopf T, Karaev E, Quitián-Lara HM, Mayer D, Bozek J, Fischer I, Fink RF. Auger electron spectroscopy of fulminic acid, HCNO: an experimental and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15217-15229. [PMID: 35703845 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02104h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
HCNO is a molecule of considerable astrochemical interest as a precursor to prebiotic molecules. It is synthesized by preparative pyrolysis and is unstable at room temperature. Here, we investigate its spectroscopy in the soft X-ray regime at the C 1s, N 1s and O 1s edges. All 1s ionization energies are reported and X-ray absorption spectra reveal the transitions from the 1s to the π* state. Resonant and normal Auger electron spectra for the decay of the core hole states are recorded in a hemispherical analyzer. An assignment of the experimental spectra is provided with the aid of theoretical counterparts. The latter are using a valence configuration interaction representation of the intermediate and final state energies and wavefunctions, the one-center approximation for transition rates and band shapes according to the moment theory. The computed spectra are in very good agreement with the experimental data and most of the relevant bands are assigned. Additionally, we present a simple approach to estimate relative Auger transition rates on the basis of a minimal basis representation of the molecular orbitals. We demonstrate that this provides a qualitatively good and reliable estimate for several signals in the normal and resonant Auger electron spectra which have significantly different intensities in the decay of the three core holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Gerlach
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Preitschopf
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Emil Karaev
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Heidy M Quitián-Lara
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Dennis Mayer
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John Bozek
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Reinhold F Fink
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Wentrup C. Nitrogen- and Sulfur-Containing Energetic Compounds. 64 Years of Fascinating Chemistry. Aust J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This essay details the author’s work with high-energy molecules based on sulfur or nitrogen, or both, which started with amateur rocket propellants like zinc dust and sulfur followed by experiments with the highly sensitive compounds nitrogen trichloride and fulminating gold. Research on the inorganic and organic fulminates and the isomeric cyanates led to detailed investigations of reactive intermediates generated by flash vacuum pyrolysis or photolysis, in particular nitrenes and carbenes derived from azides, diazo compounds, triazoles, and tetrazoles and characterized in low temperature matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Australien
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Wentrup C. Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis: Techniques and Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14808-14835. [PMID: 28675675 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) had its beginnings in the 1940s and 1950s, mainly through mass spectrometric detection of pyrolytically formed free radicals. In the 1960s many organic chemists started performing FVP experiments with the purpose of isolating new and interesting compounds and understanding pyrolysis processes. Meanwhile, many different types of apparatus and techniques have been developed, and it is the purpose of this review to present the most important methods as well as a survey of typical reactions and observations that can be achieved with the various techniques. This includes preparative FVP, chemical trapping reactions, matrix isolation, and low temperature spectroscopy of reactive intermediates and unstable molecules, the use of online mass, photoelectron, microwave, and millimeterwave spectroscopies, gas-phase laser pyrolysis, pulsed pyrolysis with supersonic jet expansion, very low pressure pyrolysis for kinetic investigations, solution-spray and falling-solid FVP for involatile compounds, and pyrolysis over solid supports and reagents. Moreover, the combination of FVP with matrix isolation and photochemistry is a powerful tool for investigations of reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
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Beck W, Fischer G, Swoboda P. Some Comments on Fulminic Acid (Knallsäure) and a Praise to Heinrich Wielandand his Work on Organic Derivatives of Nitrogen. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Beck
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Gerd Fischer
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Peter Swoboda
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
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Li Y, Chen C, Wang X, Wang L, Zhang J. The mechanism research on the reaction HCNO + HO2: a theoretical investigation. Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-016-1858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Koch R, Wollweber HJ, Müller-Starke H, Wentrup C. α-Oxo-Iminoxyls of Isoxazolones, Pyrazolones and 1,2,3-Triazolone. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Koch R, Wollweber HJ, Wentrup C. Oximes in the Isoxazolone, Pyrazolone, and 1,2,3-Triazolone Series: Experimental and Computational Investigation of Energies and Structures of E/Z Isomers of α-Oxo-Oximes in the Gas Phase and in Solution. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The structures of a series of heterocyclic α-oxo-oximes, viz. 4-oximinoisoxazolone-5(4H)-ones 1 and 2,4-oximino-5(4H)-pyrazolones 3–5, and 4-oximino-1-phenyl-1,2,3-triazol-5(4H)-one 6, were investigated experimentally and computationally. Whereas the intramolecularly H-bonded ZZ isomers of these oximes are usually the most stable in the gas phase, this preference is overcome by intermolecular H-bonding to a solvent or another molecule. For 1,3-dimethyl-4-oximino-5(4H)-pyrazolone 3b a turnaround is seen when going from the solid (predominantly Z isomer) to DMSO solution (predominantly E isomer), which can be ascribed to an intermolecular H-bond between the oxime OH function and a DMSO molecule. Such isomerization is not seen in CDCl3, where intermolecular H-bonding is unimportant. The Z/E-isomerization in DMSO solution is accelerated by photolysis. Calculations of the energies of different conformers, and of 13C NMR data at the GIAO-ωb97xD/6-31G(d)//M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) level permit a clear-cut correlation of conformer structures with observed 13C NMR spectra.
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Feng W, Hershberger JF. Quantification of the 248 nm Photolysis Products of HCNO (Fulminic Acid). J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:829-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jp411209n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Feng
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Dept. 2735, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, United States
| | - John F. Hershberger
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Dept. 2735, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, United States
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Vörös T, Bazsó G, Tarczay G. Matrix Isolation and Computational Study of the [H, C, N, Se] Isomers. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:13616-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jp407619s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Vörös
- Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös University, H-1518, Budapest 112, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bazsó
- Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös University, H-1518, Budapest 112, Hungary
| | - György Tarczay
- Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös University, H-1518, Budapest 112, Hungary
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Rzepa HS, Wentrup C. Mechanistic Diversity in Thermal Fragmentation Reactions: A Computational Exploration of CO and CO2 Extrusions from Five-Membered Rings. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7565-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401146k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry S. Rzepa
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW2 2AZ, U.K
| | - Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland
4072, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Department
2735, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, United States
| | - John F. Hershberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Department
2735, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, North Dakota 58108-6050, United States
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MU DAN, LI JIANQUAN, ZHOU YIHAN. THEORETICAL RESEARCH ON THE REACTION MECHANISM OF O + HCNO. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633610006110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We apply a theoretical method to study the O + HCNO reaction, in which the products Pi with i = 1, 2, …, 8 are involved. It is carried out by means of CCSD(T)/6-311G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) + ZPVE computational method to detect a set of reasonable pathways. It shows that P5(H + NO + CO) and P8(HON + CO) are both the major product channel; in addition, there are some degrees of contributions from P1(HCO + NO) to form P5(H + NO + CO) ; P4(NH + CO2) is considered a minor product channel, and there are some degrees of contributions from P2(HNO + CO) to form P4(NH + CO2) ; whereas the other three channels, P3(NCO + OH) , P6(CNO + OH) , and P7(HCN + O2) are less favorable or even unfavorable. All these theoretical results are in harmony with the experimental facts.
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Affiliation(s)
- DAN MU
- Department of Chemistry, Zaozhuang University, Shandong 277160, P. R. China
| | - JIAN-QUAN LI
- Physics and Electronic Engineering Department, Zaozhuang University, Shandong 277160, P. R. China
| | - YI-HAN ZHOU
- National Analytical Research Center of Electrochemistry and Spectroscopy Changchun, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China
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Mladenović M, Lewerenz M, McCarthy MC, Thaddeus P. Isofulminic acid, HONC: Ab initio theory and microwave spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:174308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3257680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fehlhammer W, Schoder F, Weinberger B, Stolzenberg H, Beck W. X-ray Structure of the Isodiazomethane Complex Cr(CO)5C≡N-NH2and [3+2]-Cycloadditions to the Metallo-Nitrile-Imine [Cr(CO)5C≡N-NH]-[1]. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200900085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
The kinetics of the O + HCNO reaction were investigated by a relative rate technique using infrared diode laser absorption spectroscopy. Laser photolysis (355 nm) of NO2 was used to produce O atoms, followed by O atom reactions with CS2, NO2, and HCNO, and infrared detection of OCS product from the O + CS2 reaction. Analysis of the experiment data yields a rate constant of k1= (9.84 +/- 3.52) x 10-12 exp[(-195 +/- 120)/T)] (cm3 molecule-1 s-1) over the temperature range 298-375 K, with a value of k1 = (5.32 +/- 0.40) x 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 298 K. Infrared detection of product species indicates that CO producing channels, probably CO + NO + H, dominate the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA
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Abstract
The kinetics of the NCO + HCNO reaction were studied using infrared diode laser absorption spectroscopy. The total rate constant was measured to be k(1) = (1.58 +/- 0.20) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) at 298 K. After detection of products and consideration of secondary chemistry (primarily O + HCNO and CN + HCNO), we conclude that NO + CO + HCN is the major product channel (phi = 0.92 +/- 0.04), with a minor contribution (phi = 0.04 +/- 0.02) from CO2 + HCNN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA
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Abstract
The kinetics of the CN + HCNO reaction were studied using laser-induced fluorescence and infrared diode laser absorption spectroscopy. The total rate constant was measured to be k(T) = (3.95 +/- 0.53) x 10(-11) exp[(287.1 +/- 44.5)/T] cm3 molec(-1) s(-1), over the temperature range 298-388 K, with a value of k1 = (1.04 +/- 0.1) x 10(-10) cm3 molec(-1) s(-1) at 298 K. After detection of products and consideration of secondary chemistry, we conclude that NO + HCCN is the only major product channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA
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Abstract
The kinetics of the OH + HCNO reaction was studied. The total rate constant was measured by LIF detection of OH using two different OH precursors, both of which gave identical results. We obtain k = (2.69 +/- 0.41) x 10(-12) exp[(750.2 +/- 49.8)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) over the temperature range 298-386 K, with a value of k = (3.39 +/- 0.3) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) at 296 K. CO, H(2)CO, NO, and HNO products were detected using infrared laser absorption spectroscopy. On the basis of these measurements, we conclude that CO + H(2)NO and HNO + HCO are the major product channels, with a minor contribution from H(2)CO + NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA
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Abstract
The kinetics of the HCCO + NO2 reaction were investigated using a laser photolysis/infrared diode laser absorption technique. Ethyl ethynyl ether (C2H5OCCH) was used as the HCCO radical precursor. Transient infrared detection of the HCCO radical was used to determine a total rate constant fit to the following expression: k1= (2.43 +/- 0.26) x 10(-11) exp[(171.1 +/- 36.9)/T] cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) over the temperature range of 298-423 K. Transient infrared detection of CO, CO2, and HCNO products was used to determine the following branching ratios at 298 K: phi(HCO + NO + CO) = 0.60 +/- 0.05 and phi(HCNO + CO2) = 0.40 +/- 0.05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA
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Abstract
The product branching ratio of the HCCO + NO reaction was investigated using the laser photolysis/infrared absorption technique. Ethyl ethynyl ether (C(2)H(5)OCCH) was used as the HCCO radical precursor. Transient infrared detection of CO, CO(2), and HCNO products was used to determine the following branching ratios at 296 K: phi(CO+HCNO) = 0.78 +/- 0.04 and phi(CO(2)+HCN) = 0.22 +/- 0.04. These values are in good agreement with some recent ab initio calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA
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Vögtle F, Rossa L. Pyrolysis of Sulfones as a Synthetic Method [New synthetic methods (28)]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.197905151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Beck W. The First Chemical Achievements and Publications by Justus von Liebig (1803−1873) on Metal Fulminates and Some Further Developments in Metal Fulminates and Related Areas of Chemistry. Eur J Inorg Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200300472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Beck
- Department Chemie der Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität Butenandtstr. 5−13, 81377 München, Germany
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Yranzo G, Elguero J, Flammang R, Wentrup C. Formation of Cumulenes, Triple-Bonded, and Related Compounds by Flash Vacuum Thermolysis of Five-Membered Heterocycles. European J Org Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200106)2001:12<2209::aid-ejoc2209>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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McNaughton D, Evans C. Pyrolysis Nozzles Coupled to a Microwave Spectrometer with Stark Modulation for the Detection of Transients Species in a Supersonic Expansion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2000.214.10.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two types of pyrolysis nozzles have been constructed and coupled to a new Stark modulated microwave spectrometer. The nozzles were tested on their ability to generate rotationally cooled transient species through a supersonic expansion. The transients species vinylamine, thioketene and ketene were generated and detected using nozzle temperatures ranging from 400-800°C. Pyrolysis temperatures were generally lower than those used in normal flow pyrolysis experiments and rotational temperatures of ca. 10 K were achieved. A preliminary investigation of the jet nozzle pyrolysis of 3-methyl-4-hydroxy-iminoisoxaline-5-one was carried out and showed a different distribution of CHNO pyrolysis products to that observed in previous low pressure studies.
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Pasinszki T, Kishimoto N, Ohno K. Two-Dimensional Penning Ionization Electron Spectroscopy of NNO, HCNO, and HNNN: Electronic Structure and the Interaction Potential with He*(23S) Metastable and Li(22S) Ground State Atoms. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp991394n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Pasinszki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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