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Li S, Jiao H, Shu XZ, Wu L. Zirconium and hafnium catalyzed C-C single bond hydroboration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1846. [PMID: 38418499 PMCID: PMC10902336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective cleavage and subsequent functionalization of C-C single bonds present a fundamental challenge in synthetic organic chemistry. Traditionally, the activation of C-C single bonds has been achieved using stoichiometric transition-metal complexes. Recently, examples of catalytic processes were developed in which use is made of precious metals. However, the use of inexpensive and Earth-abundant group IV metals for catalytic C-C single-bond cleavage is largely underdeveloped. Herein, the zirconium-catalyzed C-C single-bond cleavage and subsequent hydroboration reactions is realized using Cp2ZrCl2 as a catalytic system. A series of structures of various γ-boronated amines are readily obtained, which are otherwise difficult to obtain. Mechanistic studies disclose the formation of a N-ZrIV species, and then a β-carbon elimination route is responsible for C-C single bond activation. Besides zirconium, hafnium exhibits a similar performance for this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Xing-Zhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Lipeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China.
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2
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Yang XF, Zhang MX, Liu SH, Hartl F. Metallaaromatic Complexes as Candidates for Future Molecular Materials and Electronic Devices: Recent Advancements. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300860. [PMID: 37997007 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the field of organometallic chemistry has made a great progress and diverse types of metallaaromatics have successively been reported. In those studies, incorporation of ligated osmium centers into metallaaromatic systems played a prominent role. The reviewed literature documents that certain metallaaromatics with unconventional photophysical properties, redox and electronic transport properties and magnetism, have potential to be widely used in diverse practical applications, with selected examples of amino acid and fluoride anion identification, photothermal effects, functional materials, photodynamic therapy (PDT) in biomedicine, single-molecule junction conductors, and electron-transport layer materials (ETLs) in solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Xing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - František Hartl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DX, United Kingdom
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3
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Rosenthal U. How Serendipity and Chance Can Be Transformed into Knowledge: Examples from 50 Years of Research in Organometallic Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, University of Rostock Albert-Einstein-Str. 29A, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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4
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Rosenthal U. Update for Reactions of Group 4 Metallocene Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene Complexes: A Never-Ending Story? Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Rosenthal
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29A, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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5
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Abstract
Since the prediction of the existence of metallabenzenes in 1979, metallaaromatic chemistry has developed rapidly, due to its importance in both experimental and theoretical fields. Now six major types of metallaromatic compounds, metallabenzenes, metallabenzynes, heterometallaaromatics, dianion metalloles, metallapentalenes and metallapentalynes (also termed carbolongs), and spiro metalloles, have been reported and extensively studied. Their parent organic analogues may be aromatic, non-aromatic, or even anti-aromatic. These unique systems not only enrich the large family of aromatics, but they also broaden our understanding and extend the concept of aromaticity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of metallaaromatic chemistry. We have focused on not only the six major classes of metallaaromatics, including the main-group-metal-based metallaaromatics, but also other types, such as metallacyclobutadienes and metallacyclopropenes. The structures, synthetic methods, and reactivities are described, their applications are covered, and the challenges and future prospects of the area are discussed. The criteria commonly used to judge the aromaticity of metallaaromatics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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6
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Aysin RR, Leites LA, Bukalov SS. Aromaticity of 1-Heterocyclopropenes Containing an Atom of Group 14 or 4. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. R. Aysin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciencies, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - L. A. Leites
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciencies, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - S. S. Bukalov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciencies, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
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7
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Rosenthal U. Equilibria and mesomerism/valence tautomerism of group 4 metallocene complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2119-2139. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00637k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Priority of equilibrium: reactivity of unusual group 4 metallocene complexes is best explained by the equilibrium and only additionally by the mesomerism/valence tautomerism. The equilibrium predominates the empirically found experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock
- 19059 Rostock
- Germany
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8
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Urrego‐Riveros S, Ramirez y Medina I, Duvinage D, Lork E, Sönnichsen FD, Staubitz A. Negishi's Reagent Versus Rosenthal's Reagent in the Formation of Zirconacyclopentadienes. Chemistry 2019; 25:13318-13328. [PMID: 31347203 PMCID: PMC6851999 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Zirconacyclopentadienes are versatile precursors for a large number of heteroles, which are accessible by Zr-element exchange reactions. The vast majority of reports describe their preparation by the use of Negishi's reagent, which is a species that is formed in situ. The zirconacyclopentadiene is then formed by the addition of one equivalent of a diyne or two equivalents of a monoyne moiety to this Negishi species. Another route involves Rosenthal's reagent (Cp2 Zr(py)Me3 SiC≡CSiMe3 ), which then reacts with a diyne or monoyne moiety. In this work, the efficiency of both routes was compared in terms of reaction time, stability of the product in the reaction mixture, and yield. The synthetic implications of using both routes are evaluated. Novel zirconacyclopentadienes were synthesized, characterized directly from the reaction mixture, and crystal structures could be obtained in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Urrego‐Riveros
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry/MAPEX Center for, Materials and ProcessesUniversity of BremenLeobener Str. 7/ Bibliothekstr. 128359BremenGermany
| | - Isabel‐Maria Ramirez y Medina
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry/MAPEX Center for, Materials and ProcessesUniversity of BremenLeobener Str. 7/ Bibliothekstr. 128359BremenGermany
| | - Daniel Duvinage
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography/, MAPEX Center for Materials and ProcessesUniversity of BremenLeobener Str. 7/Bibliothekstr. 128359BremenGermany
| | - Enno Lork
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography/, MAPEX Center for Materials and ProcessesUniversity of BremenLeobener Str. 7/Bibliothekstr. 128359BremenGermany
| | - Frank D. Sönnichsen
- Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of KielOtto-Hahn-Platz 424098KielGermany
| | - Anne Staubitz
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry/MAPEX Center for, Materials and ProcessesUniversity of BremenLeobener Str. 7/ Bibliothekstr. 128359BremenGermany
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9
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Wang J, Cui Y, Ye Q. Bis(alkynyl)borane: A New Class of Acyclic Boron-Containing π Ligands in η 5-Coordination Mode. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:11279-11283. [PMID: 31424208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions between Rosenthal's zirconocene synthon, [Cp2Zr(py)Me3SiC≡CSiMe3] (py = pyridine), and two different types of bis(alkynyl) boranes, (Me3Si)2NB(C≡CSiMe3)2 and MesB(C≡CSiMe3)2 (Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl), both resulting in the formation of η5-coordinated bis(alkynyl)borane zirconocene complexes. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed their six-membered cyclic structures featuring a boat conformation with considerable Zr-B interactions. The Zr-B bonding strength and conformational lability of the ZrC4B ring are dependent on the π basicity of the exocyclic B substituent. These compounds represent the first examples of η5-coordinated acyclic boron-containing π ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , 518055 Shenzhen , P. R. China
| | - Yunshu Cui
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , 518055 Shenzhen , P. R. China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , 518055 Shenzhen , P. R. China
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10
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Rosenthal U. Advantages of Group 4 Metallocene Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene Complexes as Metallocene Sources Towards Other Synthetically used Systems. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1036-1047. [PMID: 31406652 PMCID: PMC6682945 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Active species for synthetic and catalytic applications are formed from well defined complexes or mixtures of compounds. For group 4 metallocenes, three pathways for the formation of the reactive complex fragment [Cp'2M] are known: (i) reductive mixtures and well defined complexes which are able to form the metallocene fragments either by (ii) addition or (iii) substitution reactions. In this account for each of theses systems (i)-(iii) a prominent example will be discussed in detail, (i) the Negishi reagent Cp2ZrCl2/n-BuLi, (ii) bis(η5 : η1-pentafulvene) complexes and (iii) metallocene bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene complexes, to show the advantages and the disadvantages for each of these methods for synthetic applications. This account summarizes some main advantages of group 4 metallocene bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene complexes as metallocene generating agents over other synthetically used systems. For each of the special purposes, all described systems have advantages as well as disadvantages. The aim of this overview is to help synthetic chemists in selecting the most effective system on the basis of [Cp'2M] (M=Ti, Zr) for synthetic or catalytic puposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis at theUniversity of RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 29 A19059RostockGermany
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11
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Rosenthal U. Recent Synthetic and Catalytic Applications of Group 4 Metallocene Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 29A 18059 Rostock Germany
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12
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Pinkas J, Gyepes R, Císařová I, Kubišta J, Horáček M, Žilková N, Mach K. Hydrogenation of titanocene and zirconocene bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:8921-8932. [PMID: 29916518 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01909f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactions following the addition of dihydrogen under maximum atmospheric pressure to bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene (BTMSA) complexes of titanocenes, [(η5-C5H5-nMen)2Ti(η2-BTMSA)] (n = 0, 1, 3, and 4) (1A-1D), and zirconocenes, [(η5-C5H5-nMen)2Zr(η2-BTMSA)] (n = 2-5) (4A-4D), proceeded in diverse ways and, depending on the metal, afforded different products. The former complexes lost, in all cases, their BTMSA ligand via its hydrogenation to bis-1,2-(trimethylsilyl)ethane when reacted at 80 °C for a prolonged reaction time. For n = 0, 1, and 3, the titanocene species formed in situ dimerised via the formation of fulvalene ligands and two bridging hydride ligands, giving known green dimeric titanocenes (2A-2C). For n = 4, a titanocene hydride [(η5-C5HMe4)2TiH] (2D) was formed, similarly to the known [(η5-C5Me5)2TiH] (2E) for n = 5; however, in contrast to this example, 2D in the absence of dihydrogen spontaneously dehydrogenated to the known Ti(iii)-Ti(iii) dehydro-dimer [{Ti(η5-C5HMe4)(μ-η1:η5-C5Me4)}2] (3B). This complex has now been fully characterised via spectroscopic methods, and was shown through EPR spectroscopy to attain an intramolecular electronic triplet state. The zirconocene-BTMSA complexes 4A-4D reacted uniformly with one hydrogen molecule to give Zr(iv) zirconocene hydride alkenyls, [(η5-C5H5-nMen)2ZrH{C(SiMe3)[double bond, length as m-dash]CH(SiMe3)}] (n = 2-5) (5A-5D). These were identified through their 1H and 13C NMR spectra, which show features typical of an agostically bonded proton, [double bond, length as m-dash]CH(SiMe3). Compounds 5A-5D formed equilibria with the BTMSA complexes 4A-4D depending on hydrogen pressure and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Pinkas
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
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13
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Urrego-Riveros S, Ramirez y Medina IM, Hoffmann J, Heitmann A, Staubitz A. Syntheses and Properties of Tin-Containing Conjugated Heterocycles. Chemistry 2018; 24:5680-5696. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Urrego-Riveros
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Bremen; Leobener Str.7 NW2C 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes; University of Bremen; Bibliothekstraße 1 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Isabel-Maria Ramirez y Medina
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Bremen; Leobener Str.7 NW2C 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes; University of Bremen; Bibliothekstraße 1 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Jonas Hoffmann
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Bremen; Leobener Str.7 NW2C 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes; University of Bremen; Bibliothekstraße 1 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Anne Heitmann
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Bremen; Leobener Str.7 NW2C 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes; University of Bremen; Bibliothekstraße 1 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Anne Staubitz
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Bremen; Leobener Str.7 NW2C 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes; University of Bremen; Bibliothekstraße 1 28359 Bremen Germany
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14
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Reactivity of bidentate phosphine ligands in zirconocene chemistry; the 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane complex of zirconocene. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fang B, Zhang L, Hou G, Zi G, Fang DC, Walter MD. C-H bond activation induced by thorium metallacyclopropene complexes: a combined experimental and computational study. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4897-4906. [PMID: 29142721 PMCID: PMC5664364 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01684c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thorium metallacyclopropenes derived from phenyl(alkyl)acetylenes are very reactive complexes that undergo selective intramolecular C–H bond activation.
Inter- and intramolecular C–H bond activations by thorium metallacyclopropene complexes were comprehensively studied. The reduction of [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2ThCl2 (1) with potassium graphite (KC8) in the presence of internal alkynes (PhC
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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CR) yields the corresponding thorium metallacyclopropenes [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2Th(η2-C2Ph(R)) (R = Ph (2), Me (3), iPr (4), C6H11 (5)). Complexes 3–5 derived from phenyl(alkyl)acetylenes are very reactive resulting in an intramolecular C–H bond activation of the 1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2 ligand. In contrast, no intramolecular C–H bond activation is observed for the diphenylacetylene derived complex 2, but it does activate α-C–H bonds in pyridine or carbonyl derivatives upon coordination. Density functional theory (DFT) studies complement the experimental studies and provide additional insights into the observed reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fang
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-10-58806051
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-10-58806051
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-10-58806051
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-10-58806051
| | - De-Cai Fang
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86-10-58806051
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany . ; ; Tel: +49-531-3915312
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16
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Yan X, Xi C. Conversion of zirconacyclopentadienes into metalloles: Fagan-Nugent reaction and beyond. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:935-46. [PMID: 25831225 DOI: 10.1021/ar500429f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metalloles are derivatives of cyclopentadiene in which the methylene unit is replaced by a heteroatom, such as S, Se, Te, N, P, As, Sb, Bi, Si, Ge, Sn, B, Al, Ga, and so on. Many metallole derivatives have been widely used as photovoltaic cells, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), chemical sensors, electrochromic devices, microelectronic actuators, and organic field effect transistors (OFETs). In the meantime, many of them showed promising biological actives. Due to the similarity to cyclopentadiene, the anionic forms of metalloles were also widely explored in coordination chemistry. As a result, development of a general method for the formation of metalloles from available starting materials is highly desired. In this Account, we outline formation of various p-block element metalloles from zirconacyclopentadienes. The zirconacyclopentadienes can be easily prepared from two molecules of alkynes and a low-valent zirconocene species "Cp2Zr(II)" (Cp = cyclopentadienyl). Fagan and Nugent first reported the formation of main group metalloles from zirconacyclopentadiene, which provided a versatile approach for the construction of metalloles, especially for the formation of metalloles in heavier p-block elements. To further expand the substrate scope, a number of stepwise conversions were developed, which involve 1,4-dimetallo- or dihalo-1,3-butadiene as intermediates from zirconacyclopentadienes. Here, four processes are classified based on direct and indirect conversion of zirconacyclopentadienes into metalloles. Direct reaction of zirconacyclopentadienes with element halides afforded heterocycles of main group elements, which provided a versatile method for the synthesis of metalloles. Nonetheless, the reaction scope was restricted to heavier p-block elements such as S, Se, P, As, Sb, Bi, Ge, Sn, Ga, and In. And these reactions usually suffered low yields and long reaction time. Transmetalation of zirconacyclopentadiene with copper chloride greatly enriched the zirconacyclopentadiene chemistry. The synthesis of stannoles and pyrroles from zirconacyclopentadienes has been developed in the presence of CuCl. The direct reaction of the zirconacyclopentadienes with SiCl4 or R2SiCl2 does not give the desired silacyclopendadiene derivatives, even in the presence of CuCl. It can be circumvented by using dilithiated dienes from diiododienes, which are easily prepared by the iodination of zirconacyclopentadienes using CuCl as an additive. Finally, an umpolung strategy, reaction of electrophilic 1,4-diiodo-1,3-butadiene with nucleophilic amine or sulfide reagents, was successfully used in the formation of pyrroles and thiophenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chanjuan Xi
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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17
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Suzuki N, Asada T, Kawamura A, Masuyama Y. Sulfur-containing stable five-membered “cycloallene” complexes: 1-thia-2-zircona- and 1-thia-2-titanacyclopenta-3,4-dienes. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00072f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stable five-membered sulfur-containing metallacyclic allenes, 1-thia-2-metallacyclopenta-3,4-diene, were synthesized from the reactions of low-valent zirconocene or titanocene with alkynylthioamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Suzuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Sophia University
- Tokyo 102-8554
- Japan
| | - Takumi Asada
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Sophia University
- Tokyo 102-8554
- Japan
| | - Akiko Kawamura
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Sophia University
- Tokyo 102-8554
- Japan
| | - Yoshiro Masuyama
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Sophia University
- Tokyo 102-8554
- Japan
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18
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Parker KDJ, Fryzuk MD. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Niobium and Tantalum Alkyne Complexes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5010385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D. J. Parker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Michael D. Fryzuk
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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19
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Becker L, Strehler F, Korb M, Arndt P, Spannenberg A, Baumann W, Lang H, Rosenthal U. Unusual nitrile-nitrile and nitrile-alkyne coupling of Fc-C≡N and FC-C≡C-C≡N. Chemistry 2014; 20:3061-8. [PMID: 24615841 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of the Group 4 metallocene alkyne complexes, [Cp*2M(η2-Me3SiC2SiMe3)] (1 a: M=Ti, 1 b: M=Zr, Cp*=η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl), with the ferrocenyl nitriles, Fc-CN and Fc-C≡C-C≡N (Fc=Fe(η5-C5H5)(η5-C5H4)), is described. In case of Fc-C≡N an unusual nitrile–nitrile C-C homocoupling was observed and 1-metalla-2,5-diaza-cyclopenta-2,4-dienes (3 a, b) were obtained. As the first step of the reaction with 1 b, the nitrile was coordinated to give [Cp*2Zr(η2-Me3SiC2SiMe3)(N≡C-Fc)] (2 b). The reactions with the 3-ferrocenyl-2-propyne-nitrile FcC≡C-C≡N lead to an alkyne–nitrile C-C coupling of two substrates and the formation of 1-metalla-2-aza-cyclopenta-2,4-dienes (4 a, b). For M=Zr, the compound is stabilized by dimerization as evidenced by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. The electrochemical behavior of 3 a, b and 4 a, b was investigated, showing decomposition after oxidation, leading to different redox-active products.
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20
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Zhao J, Zhang S, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Coordination-induced skeletal rearrangements of zirconacyclobutene–silacyclobutene fused complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Àrias Ò, Petrov AR, Bannenberg T, Altenburger K, Arndt P, Jones PG, Rosenthal U, Tamm M. Titanocene and Zirconocene Complexes with Diaminoacetylenes: Formation of Unusual Metallacycles and Fulvene Complexes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500121p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Òscar Àrias
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring
30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alex R. Petrov
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring
30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring
30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kai Altenburger
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße
29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Perdita Arndt
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße
29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring
30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße
29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring
30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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22
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Kumar Podiyanachari S, Kehr G, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Daniliuc CG, Erker G. Remarkable Behavior of a Bifunctional Alkynylborane Zirconocene Complex toward Donor Ligands and Acetylenes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:17444-56. [DOI: 10.1021/ja408385h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Correnstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Correnstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Correnstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Correnstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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23
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Bousrez G, Jaroschik F, Martinez A, Harakat D, Nicolas E, Le Goff XF, Szymoniak J. Reactivity differences between 2,4- and 2,5-disubstituted zirconacyclopentadienes: a highly selective and general approach to 2,4-disubstituted phospholes. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:10997-1004. [PMID: 23797680 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51158h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures of 2,4- and 2,5-disubstituted zirconacyclopentadienes were obtained by the reductive dimerisation of terminal alkynes using the Cp2ZrCl2/lanthanum system. Reactions of dihalophosphines with these mixtures afforded selectively the corresponding 2,4-disubstituted phospholes and 1,4-disubstituted butadienes. A new series of phospholes was characterized by multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray analysis. A possible explanation for the observed selectivity was obtained from X-ray studies and DFT analysis of the intermediate zirconacyclopentadienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bousrez
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 7312, Université de Reims, BP 1039, 51687 Reims, France
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24
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Thoms C, Marquardt C, Timoshkin AY, Bodensteiner M, Scheer M. Die Oligomerisierung von Phosphanylboran durch Titankomplexe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Thoms C, Marquardt C, Timoshkin AY, Bodensteiner M, Scheer M. The oligomerization of phosphinoborane by titanium complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5150-4. [PMID: 23576333 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Thoms
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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26
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Thomas J, Klahn M, Spannenberg A, Beweries T. Group 4 metallocene catalysed full dehydrogenation of hydrazine borane. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:14668-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51370j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Kaleta K, Strehler F, Hildebrandt A, Beweries T, Arndt P, Rüffer T, Spannenberg A, Lang H, Rosenthal U. Synthesis and Characterization of Multiferrocenyl-Substituted Group 4 Metallocene Complexes. Chemistry 2012; 18:12672-80. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Griffith CS, Koutsantonis GA. The Chemistry of Transition Metal Ethyne-1,2-diyl Complexes. Aust J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/ch12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry and reactivity of ethyne-1,2-diyl compounds, LnM–CC–MLn, is reviewed. These complexes are simple analogues of organic alkynes, or dimetalloalkynes, and there appears to be no general route to the preparation of these complexes, except perhaps using acid/base methodology. Reactivity patterns, in general, mimic those of simple organic alkynes but have the added dimension of reactive M–C(sp) bonds that sometimes participate in the formation of multimetallic compounds with metal electrophiles.
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29
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Bender G, Kehr G, Fröhlich R, Petersen JL, Erker G. Chemistry of the five-membered zirconacycloallenoids: reactions with unsaturated substrates. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20745a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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30
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Burlakov VV, Bogdanov VS, Lyssenko KA, Spannenberg A, Petrovskii PV, Baumann W, Arndt P, Minacheva MK, Strunin BN, Rosenthal U, Shur VB. Interaction of the Negishi reagent Cp2ZrBun 2 with 1,4-bis(tert-butyl)butadiyne. Russ Chem Bull 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-012-0023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Xu X, Fröhlich R, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. Reactions of a methylzirconocene cation with phosphinoalkynes: an alternative pathway for generating Cp2Zr(ii) systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:6109-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31883k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Beweries T, Hansen S, Kessler M, Klahn M, Rosenthal U. Catalytic dehydrogenation of dimethylamine borane by group 4 metallocene alkyne complexes and homoleptic amido compounds. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:7689-92. [PMID: 21512699 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10366k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dehydrogenation of Me(2)NH·BH(3) (1) by group 4 metallocene alkyne complexes of the type Cp(2)M(L)(η(2)-Me(3)SiC(2)SiMe(3)) [Cp = η(5)-cyclopentadienyl; M = Ti, no L (2Ti); M = Zr, L = pyridine (2Zr)] and group 4 metal amido complexes of the type M(NMe(2))(4) [M = Ti (8Ti), Zr (8Zr)] is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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33
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Zhang WX, Zhang S, Xi Z. Zirconocene and Si-tethered diynes: a happy match directed toward organometallic chemistry and organic synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2011; 44:541-51. [PMID: 21612215 DOI: 10.1021/ar200078e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing reactive organometallic intermediates is critical for understanding the mechanistic aspects of metal-mediated organic reactions. Moreover, the isolation of reactive organometallic intermediates can often result in the ability to design new synthetic methods. In this Account, we outline synthetic methods that we developed for a variety of diverse Zr/Si organo-bimetallic compounds and Si/N heteroatom-organic compounds through the detailed study of zirconacyclobutene-silacyclobutene fused compounds. Two basic components are involved in this chemistry. The first is the Si-tethered diyne, which owes its rich reactive palette to the combination of the Si-C bond and the C≡C triple bond. The second is the low-valent zirconocene species Cp(2)Zr(II), which has proven very useful in organic synthesis. The reaction of these two components affords the zirconacyclobutene-silacyclobutene fused compound, which is the key reactive Zr/Si organo-bimetallic intermediate discussed here. We discuss the three types of reactions that have been developed for the zirconacyclobutene-silacyclobutene fused intermediate. The reaction with nitriles (the C≡N triple bond) is introduced in the first section. In this one-pot reaction, up to four different components can be combined: the Si-tethered diyne can be reacted with three identical nitriles, with differing nitriles, or with a nitrile and other unsaturated organic substrates such as formamides, isocyanides, acid chlorides, aldehydes, carbodiimides, and azides. Several unexpected multiring, fused Zr/Si organo-bimetallic intermediates were isolated and characterized. A wide variety of N-heterocycles, such as 5-azaindole, pyrrole, and pyrroloazepine derivatives, were obtained. We then discuss the reaction with alkynes (the C≡C triple bond). A consecutive skeletal rearrangement, differing from that observed in the reactions with nitriles, takes place in this reaction. Finally, we discuss the reaction with the C═X substrates (where X is O or N), including ketones, aldehydes, and isocyanides. Oxa- and azazirconacycles are formed via a new skeletal rearrangement. Our results show that the zirconocene and the Si-tethered diyne cooperate as a "chemical transformer" after treatment with various substrates, leading to a diverse range of cyclic Zr/Si organo-bimetallic compounds. This mechanism-derived synthesis of organometallic and organic compounds demonstrates that the investigation of metal-mediated reactions and the isolation of reactive organometallic intermediates not only contribute to the understanding of complex reactions but can also lead to the discovery of synthetically useful methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shaoguang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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34
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Miyazaki T, Tanabe Y, Yuki M, Miyake Y, Nishibayashi Y. Synthesis of Group IV (Zr, Hf)−Group VIII (Fe, Ru) Heterobimetallic Complexes Bearing Metallocenyl Diphosphine Moieties and Their Application to Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Amine−Boranes. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200127r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Miyazaki
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanabe
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yuki
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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35
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Zhang S, Zhang WX, Zhao J, Xi Z. Cleavage and reorganization of Zr-C/Si-C bonds leading to Zr/Si-N organometallic and heterocyclic compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 132:14042-5. [PMID: 20860395 DOI: 10.1021/ja1074932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The t-BuCN-stabilized zirconacyclopropene-azasilacyclopentadiene complexes 2 are generated in situ in high yields from the Si-tethered diynes, Cp(2)Zr(II) species, and 2 equiv of t-BuCN via a coordination-induced Zr-C/Si-C bond cleavage and reorganization. Complexes 2 have been demonstrated to be synthetically very useful. A variety of novel Zr/Si organo-bimetallic compounds and Si/N heterocyclic compounds, such as azasilacyclopentadienes, azasilacyclohexadienes, and allenylazazirconacycles, are obtained in high yields when complexes 2 are treated with ketones, carbodiimides, alkynes, elemental sulfur (S(8)), acid chlorides, or nitriles. In this chemistry, t-BuCN behaves as both an initiator and a brake/release handle to initiate and control the reaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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36
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Formation of the five-membered zirconacyclocumulene Cp2Zr(η4-ButC4But) and the binuclear zirconocene butatrienyl complex Cp2(Bun)Zr(ButC4But)Zr(Bun)Cp2 in the reaction of the Negishi reagent with 1,4-di(tert-butyl)butadiyne. Russ Chem Bull 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-010-0132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Lamač M, Spannenberg A, Baumann W, Jiao H, Fischer C, Hansen S, Arndt P, Rosenthal U. Si−H Bond Activation of Alkynylsilanes by Group 4 Metallocene Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:4369-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ja910527w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lamač
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christine Fischer
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sven Hansen
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Perdita Arndt
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29 a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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38
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Perrier A, Comte V, Moïse C, Leâ
Gendre P. First Titanium-Catalyzed 1,4-Hydrophosphination of 1,3-Dienes. Chemistry 2010; 16:64-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Ren S, Chan HS, Xie Z. Reaction of Zirconocene−Carboryne Precursor with Alkynes: An Efficient Route to Zirconacyclopentenes Incorporating a Carboranyl Unit. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om9002973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shikuo Ren
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hoi-Shan Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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40
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Joosten A, Soueidan M, Denhez C, Harakat D, Hélion F, Namy JL, Vasse JL, Szymoniak J. Multimetallic Zirconocene-Based Catalysis: Alkyne Dimerization and Cyclotrimerization Reactions. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om8002703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Joosten
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS (UMR 6229), Université de Reims, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France, and Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 8182), ICMMO, Bat 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Mohamad Soueidan
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS (UMR 6229), Université de Reims, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France, and Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 8182), ICMMO, Bat 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Clément Denhez
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS (UMR 6229), Université de Reims, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France, and Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 8182), ICMMO, Bat 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Dominique Harakat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS (UMR 6229), Université de Reims, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France, and Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 8182), ICMMO, Bat 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Florence Hélion
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS (UMR 6229), Université de Reims, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France, and Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 8182), ICMMO, Bat 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Louis Namy
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS (UMR 6229), Université de Reims, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France, and Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 8182), ICMMO, Bat 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vasse
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS (UMR 6229), Université de Reims, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France, and Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 8182), ICMMO, Bat 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jan Szymoniak
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS (UMR 6229), Université de Reims, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France, and Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 8182), ICMMO, Bat 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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41
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Soueidan M, Hélion F, Namy JL, Szymoniak J. Reaction of Lanthanides (La, Mischmetall) with Cp2ZrCl2 and Di- or Tetrahalogenoalkanes: New Formation and Studies of Five-Membered Zirconacycles. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om701217e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Soueidan
- Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 8182), ICMMO, Batiment 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay, France, and CNRS (UMR 6229), ICMR, Université de Reims, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Florence Hélion
- Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 8182), ICMMO, Batiment 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay, France, and CNRS (UMR 6229), ICMR, Université de Reims, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Louis Namy
- Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 8182), ICMMO, Batiment 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay, France, and CNRS (UMR 6229), ICMR, Université de Reims, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Jan Szymoniak
- Laboratoire de Catalyse Moléculaire, CNRS (UMR 8182), ICMMO, Batiment 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay, France, and CNRS (UMR 6229), ICMR, Université de Reims, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
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42
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Liu J, Zhang WX, Guo X, Hou Z, Xi Z. Isolation and Synthetic Applications of 2,5-Bis(alkynylsilyl) Zirconacyclopentadienes. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om701002k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN (the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN (the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN (the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN (the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Peopleʼs Republic of China, and Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN (the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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43
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Denhez C, Médégan S, Hélion F, Namy JL, Vasse JL, Szymoniak J. Reduction of Cp2ZrCl2 with mischmetall: a new method for generating an efficient "Cp2Zr" equivalent. Org Lett 2007; 8:2945-7. [PMID: 16805523 DOI: 10.1021/ol060712f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A "Cp(2)Zr" equivalent is generated under mild conditions (THF, room temperature) by reducing Cp(2)ZrCl(2) with cheap and readily available mischmetall (an alloy of Ce, La, Nd, and Pr). Coupling reactions, including those of terminal alkynes, can efficiently be achieved by using this reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Denhez
- Réactions Sélectives et Applications, CNRS (UMR 6519) and Université de Reims, France
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44
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Oshiki T, Yamada A, Kawai K, Arimitsu H, Takai K. Alkyne Exchange Reactions of Silylalkyne Complexes of Tantalum: Mechanistic Investigation and Its Application in the Preparation of New Tantalum Complexes Having Functional Alkynes (PhC⋮CR (R = COOMe, CONMe2)). Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060659z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Oshiki
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamada
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kimio Kawai
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Arimitsu
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takai
- Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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45
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Peulecke N, Lefeber C, Ohff A, Baumann W, Tillack A, Kempe R, Burlakov VV, Rosenthal U. ansa
‐Titanocene and ‐Zirconocene η
2
‐Alkyne Complexes ‐Synthesis, Spectral Characteristics, and X‐ray Crystal Structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19961290813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Normen Peulecke
- Arbeitsgruppe “Komplexkatalyse” of the Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft at the University of Rostock, Buchbinderstraße 5‐6, D‐18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Lefeber
- Arbeitsgruppe “Komplexkatalyse” of the Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft at the University of Rostock, Buchbinderstraße 5‐6, D‐18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Ohff
- Arbeitsgruppe “Komplexkatalyse” of the Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft at the University of Rostock, Buchbinderstraße 5‐6, D‐18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumann
- Arbeitsgruppe “Komplexkatalyse” of the Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft at the University of Rostock, Buchbinderstraße 5‐6, D‐18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Annegret Tillack
- Arbeitsgruppe “Komplexkatalyse” of the Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft at the University of Rostock, Buchbinderstraße 5‐6, D‐18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rhett Kempe
- Arbeitsgruppe “Komplexkatalyse” of the Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft at the University of Rostock, Buchbinderstraße 5‐6, D‐18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Vladimir V. Burlakov
- Arbeitsgruppe “Komplexkatalyse” of the Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft at the University of Rostock, Buchbinderstraße 5‐6, D‐18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Rosenthal
- Arbeitsgruppe “Komplexkatalyse” of the Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft at the University of Rostock, Buchbinderstraße 5‐6, D‐18055 Rostock, Germany
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46
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Jemmis * E, Parameswaran P, Phukan A. Binuclear organometallic compounds containing planar tetra co-ordinated carbon atoms: theoretical study on geometrical and bonding patterns. Mol Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970412331333465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Abstract
Systematic explorations of organozirconium chemistry over the past quarter of a century have led to the discoveries and development as well as structural and mechanistic clarifications of novel Zr-catalyzed and -promoted carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions including (i) Ni- or Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of organozirconiums, (ii) Zr-catalyzed carboalumination of alkynes, (iii) Zr-catalyzed asymmetric carboalumination of alkenes, (iv) generation and carbometallative ring expansion of zirconacyclopropanes and zirconacyclopropenes and a myriad of their transformations and (v) various organozirconium migratory insertion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ei-ichi Negishi
- Herbert C. Brown Laboratories of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA.
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48
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Horáček M, Štěpnička P, Kubišta J, Gyepes R, Mach K. Reactions of Substituted Zirconocene−Bis(trimethylsilyl)ethyne Complexes with Terminal Alkynes. Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om040042m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Horáček
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpnička
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kubišta
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Róbert Gyepes
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Mach
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic, and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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49
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Chen X, Liu FC, Plečnik CE, Liu S, Du B, Meyers EA, Shore SG. Effect of Solvent in the Reaction of Cp2ZrH{(μ-H)2BR2} (R2 = C4H8, C8H14) with B(C6F5)3: Formation of [HB(C6F5)3]- Salts of the Unsupported Hydrogen-Bridged Cations [(μ-H){Cp2Zr(μ-H)2BR2}2]+ (R2 = C4H8, C8H14) and [Cp2Zr(OEt2)X]+ (X = OEt, {(μ-H)2BC8H14}). Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om030692a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuenian Chen
- Evans Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Fu-Chen Liu
- Evans Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Christine E. Plečnik
- Evans Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Shengming Liu
- Evans Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Bin Du
- Evans Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Edward A. Meyers
- Evans Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Sheldon G. Shore
- Evans Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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50
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Investigation in the coupling of zirconocene complexes and trimethylsilyl(diphenylphosphino)acetylene. P–C bond cleavage chemistry from protonolysis reactions. J Organomet Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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