1
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Krafft MP, Riess JG. Therapeutic oxygen delivery by perfluorocarbon-based colloids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 294:102407. [PMID: 34120037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
After the protocol-related indecisive clinical trial of Oxygent, a perfluorooctylbromide/phospholipid nanoemulsion, in cardiac surgery, that often unduly assigned the observed untoward effects to the product, the development of perfluorocarbon (PFC)-based O2 nanoemulsions ("blood substitutes") has come to a low. Yet, significant further demonstrations of PFC O2-delivery efficacy have continuously been reported, such as relief of hypoxia after myocardial infarction or stroke; protection of vital organs during surgery; potentiation of O2-dependent cancer therapies, including radio-, photodynamic-, chemo- and immunotherapies; regeneration of damaged nerve, bone or cartilage; preservation of organ grafts destined for transplantation; and control of gas supply in tissue engineering and biotechnological productions. PFC colloids capable of augmenting O2 delivery include primarily injectable PFC nanoemulsions, microbubbles and phase-shift nanoemulsions. Careful selection of PFC and other colloid components is critical. The basics of O2 delivery by PFC nanoemulsions will be briefly reminded. Improved knowledge of O2 delivery mechanisms has been acquired. Advanced, size-adjustable O2-delivering nanoemulsions have been designed that have extended room-temperature shelf-stability. Alternate O2 delivery options are being investigated that rely on injectable PFC-stabilized microbubbles or phase-shift PFC nanoemulsions. The latter combine prolonged circulation in the vasculature, capacity for penetrating tumor tissues, and acute responsiveness to ultrasound and other external stimuli. Progress in microbubble and phase-shift emulsion engineering, control of phase-shift activation (vaporization), understanding and control of bubble/ultrasound/tissue interactions is discussed. Control of the phase-shift event and of microbubble size require utmost attention. Further PFC-based colloidal systems, including polymeric micelles, PFC-loaded organic or inorganic nanoparticles and scaffolds, have been devised that also carry substantial amounts of O2. Local, on-demand O2 delivery can be triggered by external stimuli, including focused ultrasound irradiation or tumor microenvironment. PFC colloid functionalization and targeting can help adjust their properties for specific indications, augment their efficacy, improve safety profiles, and expand the range of their indications. Many new medical and biotechnological applications involving fluorinated colloids are being assessed, including in the clinic. Further uses of PFC-based colloidal nanotherapeutics will be briefly mentioned that concern contrast diagnostic imaging, including molecular imaging and immune cell tracking; controlled delivery of therapeutic energy, as for noninvasive surgical ablation and sonothrombolysis; and delivery of drugs and genes, including across the blood-brain barrier. Even when the fluorinated colloids investigated are designed for other purposes than O2 supply, they will inevitably also carry and deliver a certain amount of O2, and may thus be considered for O2 delivery or co-delivery applications. Conversely, O2-carrying PFC nanoemulsions possess by nature a unique aptitude for 19F MR imaging, and hence, cell tracking, while PFC-stabilized microbubbles are ideal resonators for ultrasound contrast imaging and can undergo precise manipulation and on-demand destruction by ultrasound waves, thereby opening multiple theranostic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pierre Krafft
- University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jean G Riess
- Harangoutte Institute, 68160 Ste Croix-aux-Mines, France
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2
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Systematic study of the influence of the molecular structure of fluorinated ionic liquids on the solubilization of atmospheric gases using a soft-SAFT based approach. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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3
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Arias EM, Guiró P, Rodriguez-Abreu C, Solans C, Escribano-Ferrer E, García-Celma MJ. Cubic liquid crystalline structures in diluted, concentrated and highly concentrated emulsions for topical application: Influence on drug release and human skin permeation. Int J Pharm 2019; 569:118531. [PMID: 31323372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel emulsions with a nanostructured continuous phase have been proposed as controlled drug delivery systems to enhance topical delivery of active ingredients avoiding systemic effects. In this study, oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions with two surfactant/water (S/W) weight ratios of 40:60 and 35:65, and oil concentrations of 10 wt% (diluted emulsion), 40 wt% (concentrated emulsion) and 85 wt% (highly concentrated emulsion) have been investigated to identify the presence of liquid crystalline structures and their influence on drug release and skin permeation. The emulsions have been characterized in terms of visual appearance, rheology and drug release. The presence of cubic liquid crystalline structures in emulsions with S/W 40:60 was confirmed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Rheology results showed a markedly different behaviour in emulsions with S/W 40:60 compared with nonstructured emulsions. A model drug, diclofenac sodium (DS) was successfully incorporated in the emulsions. DS release was studied with hydrophilic and lipophilic membranes, and the amount of DS in the receptor solution was significantly lower in the formulations containing cubic liquid structures. An in vitro skin permeation study with dermatomed human skin showed that emulsions with a nanostructured continuous phase are suitable formulations for topical delivery with DS retention in skin layers. The results indicate that the amount of drug retained in skin structures may be tuned by modification of liquid crystal concentration and emulsion structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva María Arias
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physicochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Guiró
- Almirall SA, Carrer de Laureà Miró, 390, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conxita Solans
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elvira Escribano-Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physicochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José García-Celma
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physicochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Sato H, Yajima T, Yamagishi A. Stereochemical effects on dynamics in two-component systems of gelators with perfluoroalkyl and alkyl chains as revealed by vibrational circular dichroism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3210-3215. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06264h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The VCD method was applied to the gelation processes of chiral two-component gel systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Sato
- Graduated School of Science and Engineering
- Ehime University
- Matsuyama
- Japan
| | - Tomoko Yajima
- Faculty of Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Ochanomizu University
- Tokyo 112-8610
- Japan
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5
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Alves M, Vieira NSM, Rebelo LPN, Araújo JMM, Pereiro AB, Archer M. Fluorinated ionic liquids for protein drug delivery systems: Investigating their impact on the structure and function of lysozyme. Int J Pharm 2017; 526:309-320. [PMID: 28478279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the approval of recombinant human insulin by FDA in 1982, more than 200 proteins are currently available for pharmaceutical use to treat a wide range of diseases. However, innovation is still required to develop effective approaches for drug delivery. Our aim is to investigate the potential use of fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs) as drug delivery systems (DDS) for therapeutic proteins. Some initial parameters need to be assessed before further studies can proceed. This work evaluates the impact of FILs on the stability, function, structure and aggregation state of lysozyme. Different techniques were used for this purpose, which included differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF), spectrophotometric assays, circular dichroism (CD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM). Ionic liquids composed of cholinium-, imidazolium- or pyridinium- derivatives were combined with different anions and analysed at different concentrations in aqueous solutions (below and above the critical aggregation concentration, CAC). The results herein presented show that the addition of ionic liquids had no significant effect on the stability and hydrolytic activity of lysozyme. Moreover, a distinct behaviour was observed in DLS experiments for non-surfactant and surfactant ionic liquids, with the latter encapsulating the protein at concentrations above the CAC. These results encourage us to further study ionic liquids as promising tools for DDS of protein drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Alves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nicole S M Vieira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luís Paulo N Rebelo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - João M M Araújo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana B Pereiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Margarida Archer
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
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6
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Ma J, Pourroy G, Krafft MP. Stable Small Composite Microbubbles Decorated with Magnetite Nanoparticles - A Synergistic Effect between Surfactant Molecules and Nanoparticles. J Oleo Sci 2016; 65:369-76. [PMID: 27087000 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three approaches to preparing iron oxide nanoparticle-decorated microbubbles (NP-decoMBs) have been investigated. The size and stability characteristics of these microbubbles (MBs) were investigated by optical microscopy, laser light scattering and an acoustical method, and compared with those of non-decorated MBs. First, magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs) grafted with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) were synthesized and used to prepare MBs by brief sonication under an atmosphere of air saturated with perfluorohexane. These MBs had a rather large mean radius (r ~ 12 µm), and a moderate volume of encapsulated gas. Remarkably, a second approach that consisted of dispersing unbound DMPC molecules in the aqueous phase along with DMPC-grafted Fe3O4NPs prior to sonication was found to drastically change the situation, allowing the obtaining of monomodal populations of much smaller (r ~ 0.6 µm) NP-decoMBs. The latter were echogenic and stable for at least 10 days at room temperature, without significant variation of their size characteristics. In a third approach, NP-decoMBs were directly prepared from dispersions of naked Fe3O4NPs in the presence of DMPC. The resulting NP-decoMBs suspensions consisted of broadly distributed bubble populations mostly containing two populations (with r ~ 5 and ~ 15 µm). Control microbubbles made of DMPC only were small (r ~ 1.3 µm), although not as small as those formed from DMPC-grafted Fe3O4NPs in the presence of free DMPC, and were less stable, with a room temperature half-life of only ~1 day. These observations imply that there is a synergy between the Fe3O4NPs and the DMPC molecules in the air/water interfacial film stabilization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Institut Charles Sadron (ICS, CNRS, UPR 22). Université de Strasbourg
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7
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Firoozmand H, Rousseau D. Microbial cells as colloidal particles: Pickering oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by bacteria and yeast. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Krafft MP. Fluorine in medical microbubbles – Methodologies implemented for engineering and investigating fluorocarbon-based microbubbles. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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9
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Sato H, Yajima T, Yamagishi A. Chiroptical Studies on Supramolecular Chirality of Molecular Aggregates. Chirality 2015; 27:659-66. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Sato
- Graduated of Science and Engineering; Ehime University; Matsuyama Japan
| | - Tomoko Yajima
- Department of Chemistry; Ochanomizu University; Tokyo Japan
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10
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Sato H, Yajima T, Yamagishi A. An intermediate state in gelation as revealed by vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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11
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Yuvienco C, More HT, Haghpanah JS, Tu RS, Montclare JK. Modulating Supramolecular Assemblies and Mechanical Properties of Engineered Protein Materials by Fluorinated Amino Acids. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2273-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm3005116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Yuvienco
- Department of Chemical
and Biological Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of NYU, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Haresh T. More
- Department of Chemical
and Biological Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of NYU, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Haghpanah
- Department of Chemical
and Biological Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of NYU, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Raymond S. Tu
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Jin Kim Montclare
- Department of Chemical
and Biological Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of NYU, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn,
New York 11203, United States
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12
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Krafft MP. Strasbourg's SOFFT team—Soft functional systems self-assembled from perfluoroalkylated molecular components. J Fluor Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Holm R, Jørgensen EB, Harborg M, Larsen R, Holm P, Müllertz A, Jacobsen J. A novel excipient, 1-perfluorohexyloctane shows limited utility for the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 42:416-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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14
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Faggi E, Sebastián RM, Vallribera A. Fluorous gallic acid derivatives as versatile gelators. Self-assembly into nanosized fibers or balls. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Krafft MP, Riess JG. Chemistry, physical chemistry, and uses of molecular fluorocarbon--hydrocarbon diblocks, triblocks, and related compounds--unique "apolar" components for self-assembled colloid and interface engineering. Chem Rev 2009; 109:1714-92. [PMID: 19296687 DOI: 10.1021/cr800260k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pierre Krafft
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron (SOFFT-CNRS), 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex, Strasbourg, France.
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16
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Gan J, El Bakkari M, Belin C, Margottin C, Godard P, Pozzo JL, Vincent JM. A triblock fluorous surfactant as a specific gelator for perfluorocarbons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5133-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b908820b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Gerber F, Vandamme TF, Krafft MP. Impact of perfluorooctylethane on the formation of a semi-crystalline liquid-condensed phase in a phospholipid monolayer and of perfluorooctyl bromide on the adsorption of albumin on such a monolayer. CR CHIM 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2008.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Ikem VO, Menner A, Bismarck A. High internal phase emulsions stabilized solely by functionalized silica particles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8277-9. [PMID: 18814159 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian O Ikem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polymer & Composite Engineering Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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19
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Ikem V, Menner A, Bismarck A. High Internal Phase Emulsions Stabilized Solely by Functionalized Silica Particles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Yamanaka M, Sada K, Miyata M, Hanabusa K, Nakano K. Construction of superhydrophobic surfaces by fibrous aggregation of perfluoroalkyl chain-containing organogelators. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:2248-50. [PMID: 16718318 DOI: 10.1039/b601485b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces, characterized by water contact angles greater than 150 degrees, can be produced by means of intermediate organogels, which were formed by perfluoroalkyl chain-containing organogelators with volatile organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoshi Yamanaka
- Nagoya Municipal Industrial Research Institute, 3-4-41 Rokuban, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 456-0058, Japan
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21
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Yan YL, Zhang NS, Qu CT, Liu L. Microstructure of colloidal liquid aphrons (CLAs) by freeze fracture transmission electron microscopy (FF-TEM). Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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23
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Loiseau J, Lescanne M, Colin A, Fages F, Verlhac JB, Vincent JM. A fluoroponytails containing organogelator: gelation of perfluorotributylamine and isopropopanol. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Babak VG, Stébé MJ. Highly Concentrated Emulsions: Physicochemical Principles of Formulation. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690208984184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Riess JG. Oxygen carriers ("blood substitutes")--raison d'etre, chemistry, and some physiology. Chem Rev 2001; 101:2797-920. [PMID: 11749396 DOI: 10.1021/cr970143c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 544] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J G Riess
- MRI Institute, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
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26
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Krafft MP, Riess JG. Highly fluorinated amphiphiles and colloidal systems, and their applications in the biomedical field. A contribution. Biochimie 1998; 80:489-514. [PMID: 9782389 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(00)80016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluorocarbons and fluorocarbon moieties are uniquely characterized by very strong intramolecular bonds and very weak intermolecular interactions. This results in a combination of exceptional thermal, chemical and biological inertness, low surface tension, high fluidity, excellent spreading characteristics, low solubility in water, and high gas dissolving capacities, which are the basis for innovative applications in the biomedical field. Perfluoroalkyl chains are larger and more rigid than their hydrogenated counterparts. They are considerably more hydrophobic, and are lipophobic as well. A large variety of well-defined, modular fluorinated surfactants whose polar head groups consist of polyols, sugars, sugar phosphates, amino acids, amine oxides, phosphocholine, phosphatidylcholine, etc, has recently been synthesized. Fluorinated surfactants are significantly more surface active than their hydrocarbon counterparts, both in terms of effectiveness and of efficiency. Despite this, they are less hemolytic and less detergent. Fluorosurfactants appear unable to extract membrane proteins. Fluorinated chains confer to surfactants a powerful driving force for collecting and organizing at interfaces. As compared to non-fluorinated analogs, fluorosurfactants have also a much stronger capacity to self-aggregate into discrete molecular assemblies when dispersed in water and other solvents. Even very short, single-chain fluorinated amphiphiles can form highly stable, heat-sterilizable vesicles, without the need for supplementary associative interactions. Sturdy microtubules were obtained from non-chiral, non-hydrogen bonding single-chain fluorosurfactants. Fluorinated amphiphiles can be used to engineer a variety of colloidal systems and manipulate their morphology, structure and properties. Stable fluorinated films, membranes and vesicles can also be prepared from combinations of standard surfactants with fluorocarbon/hydrocarbon diblock molecules. In bilayer membranes made from fluorinated amphiphiles the fluorinated tails segregate to form an internal teflon-like hydrophobic and lipophobic film that increases the stability of the membrane and reduces its permeability. This fluorinated film can also influence the behavior of fluorinated vesicles in a biological milieu. For example, it can affect the in vivo recognition and fate of particles, or the enzymatic hydrolysis of phospholipid components. Major applications of fluorocarbons currently in advanced clinical trials include injectable emulsions for delivering oxygen to tissues at risk of hypoxia; a neat fluorocarbon for treatment of acute respiratory failure by liquid ventilation; and gaseous fluorocarbon-stabilized microbubbles for use as contrast agents for ultrasound imaging. Fluorosurfactants also allow the preparation of a range of stable direct and reverse emulsions, microemulsions, multiple emulsions, and gels, some of which may include fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon and aqueous phases simultaneously. Highly fluorinated systems have potential for the delivery of drugs, prodrugs, vaccines, genes, markers, contrast agents and other materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Krafft
- Institut Charles-Sadron (UPR-CNRS 22), Strasbourg, France
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27
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Terech P, Weiss RG. Low Molecular Mass Gelators of Organic Liquids and the Properties of Their Gels. Chem Rev 1997; 97:3133-3160. [PMID: 11851487 DOI: 10.1021/cr9700282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2199] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Terech
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 585, Département de Recherche Fondamentale sur la Matière Condensée, C.E.A.-Grenoble, 17, Rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cédex 09, France, and Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057-1227
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Riess JG, Krafft MP. Advanced fluorocarbon-based systems for oxygen and drug delivery, and diagnosis. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, BLOOD SUBSTITUTES, AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY 1997; 25:43-52. [PMID: 9083625 DOI: 10.3109/10731199709118896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorocarbons and fluorocarbon-derived materials constitute a vast family of synthetic components that have a range of remarkable properties including exceptional chemical and biological inertness, gas-dissolving capacity, low surface tension, high fluidity, excellent spreading characteristics, unique hydro- and lipophobicity, high density, absence of protons, and magnetic susceptibility close to that of water. These properties lead to a diversity of products and applications as illustrated by those products that are already in advanced clinical trials, which comprise: 1) an injectable oxygen carrier, i.e. blood substitute, consisting of a fluorocarbon-in-water emulsion for use in surgery to alleviate the problems raised by the transfusion of homologous blood; the same emulsion is also being evaluated with cardiopulmonary bypass patients; 2) a neat fluorocarbon for treatment of acute respiratory failure by liquid ventilation; and 3) fluorocarbon-based or stabilized gas bubbles to be used as contrast agents for the assessment of heart function and detection of perfusion defects by ultrasound imaging. Proper selection of the fluorocarbon best suited for the intended application, formulation optimization, and advanced stabilization and processing procedures led to effective, ready-for-use products with minimal side-effects. Further highly fluorinated materials, including amphiphiles and various fluorocarbon-based colloidal systems that have potential as pulmonary, topical and ophthalmological drug delivery agents, and as skin protection barriers, are now being investigated. Such systems include drug-in-fluorocarbon suspensions, reverse water-in-fluorocarbon emulsions, oil-in-fluorocarbon emulsions, multiple emulsions, microemulsions, fluorocarbon gels, fluorinated liposomes, fluorinated tubules and other novel supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Riess
- Unité de Chimie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophìa Antipolis, France
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Riess JG, Krafft MP. Fluorinated phosphocholine-based amphiphiles as components of fluorocarbon emulsions and fluorinated vesicles. Chem Phys Lipids 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(94)02402-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
In this review the current status of what commonly are termed "blood substitutes" is discussed. The term blood substitute is a misnomer because the formulations under development at this time transport respiratory gases but do not perform the metabolic, regulatory, and protective functions of blood. Either hemoglobin or a perfluorochemical form the base to transport oxygen; the advantages and disadvantages of each base are discussed. The availability of a blood substitute in the U.S. will require approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and, by law, both its efficacy and safety must be demonstrated prior to approval. Showing efficacy of any blood substitute is complicated by the oxygen reserve and the compensatory mechanisms to acute blood loss in man. The challenge is to prove that the administration of these formulations offer clinical advantages compared with replacement of volume alone. Several efficacy models, the most attractive among them being perioperative hemodilution, should provide data that would bring these formulations into clinical practice. When hemoglobin is not within the favorable environment of the red cell, whether the hemoglobin is derived from expression vectors developed through recombinant biotechnology or from lysed human red cells, it acquires a left-shifted oxygen disassociation curve. Further, because the tetramer disassociates when injected intravenously and the resulting dimers are cleared rapidly from the circulation by the kidneys, intravascular dwell time is brief. Hemoglobins have been modified chemically and linked intramolecularly, intermolecularly, and to macromolecules to correct these problems. While these manipulations have normalized the p50 and extended the dwell time significantly, some toxicity problems remain unresolved. The binding of nitric oxide to hemoglobin preparations and the presumably resultant systemic and pulmonary hypertension observed in animals may be the most difficult to overcome, although the implications of these reactions in man is poorly understood. Perfluorochemicals (PFC) provide a fundamentally different and simpler approach to oxygen transport than hemoglobin formulations. Typically, the PFCs used are liquids composed of 8 to 10 carbon atoms that dissolve oxygen and obey Henry's law. Thus, the recipient's inspired oxygen and cardiac output assume importance. Because they are insoluble in water, PFCs are administered as emulsions, that is, as small droplets about 0.1 to 0.2 microns in diameter. In this respect, they are very similar to the lipid emulsions widely used for parenteral nutrition. Egg yolk phospholipid and poloxamers are most commonly used as emulsifiers. PFCs are not metabolized and are excreted unchanged by the lungs, following temporary storage by the monocyte-macrophage system (MMS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Zuck
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati, Ohio
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