1
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Epoxides: Developability as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Biochemical Probes. Bioorg Chem 2022; 125:105862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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2
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Fusani L, Palmer DS, Somers DO, Wall ID. Exploring Ligand Stability in Protein Crystal Structures Using Binding Pose Metadynamics. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:1528-1539. [PMID: 31910338 PMCID: PMC7145342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
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Identification of
correct protein–ligand binding poses is
important in structure-based drug design and crucial for the evaluation
of protein–ligand binding affinity. Protein–ligand coordinates are commonly obtained from
crystallography experiments that provide a static model of an ensemble
of conformations. Binding pose metadynamics (BPMD) is an enhanced
sampling method that allows for an efficient assessment of ligand
stability in solution. Ligand poses that are unstable under the bias
of the metadynamics simulation are expected to be infrequently occupied
in the energy landscape, thus making minimal contributions to the
binding affinity. Here, the robustness of the method is studied using
crystal structures with ligands known to be incorrectly modeled, as
well as 63 structurally diverse crystal structures with ligand fit
to electron density from the Twilight database. Results show that
BPMD can successfully differentiate compounds whose binding pose is
not supported by the electron density from those with well-defined
electron density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Fusani
- Molecular Design UK, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G11XL, U.K
| | - David S Palmer
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G11XL, U.K
| | - Don O Somers
- Protein, Cellular and Structural Sciences, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ian D Wall
- Molecular Design UK, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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3
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Dolenc J, van Gunsteren WF, Prota AE, Steinmetz MO, Missimer JH. Conformational Properties of the Chemotherapeutic Drug Analogue Epothilone A: How to Model a Flexible Protein Ligand Using Scarcely Available Experimental Data. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:2218-2230. [PMID: 30855963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epothilones are among the most potent chemotherapeutic drugs used for the treatment of cancer. Epothilone A (EpoA), a natural product, is a macrocyclic molecule containing 34 non-hydrogen atoms and a thiazole side chain. NMR studies of EpoA in aqueous solution, unbound as well as bound to αβ-tubulin, and unbound in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution have delivered sets of nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) atom-atom distance bounds, but no structures based on NMR data are present in structural data banks. X-ray diffraction of crystals has provided structures of EpoA unbound and bound to αβ-tubulin. Since both crystal structures derived from X-ray diffraction intensities do not completely satisfy the three available sets of NOE distance bounds for EpoA, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been employed to obtain conformational ensembles in aqueous and in DMSO solution that are compatible with the respective NOE data. It was found that EpoA displays a larger conformational variability in DMSO than in water and the two conformational ensembles show little overlap. Yet, they both provide conformational scaffolds that are energetically accessible at physiological temperature and pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jožica Dolenc
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institut , CH-5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Wilfred F van Gunsteren
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry , Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institut , CH-5232 Villigen , Switzerland
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institut , CH-5232 Villigen , Switzerland.,University of Basel, Biozentrum , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - John H Missimer
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry , Paul Scherrer Institut , CH-5232 Villigen , Switzerland
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4
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Kuzniewski CN, Glauser S, Gaugaz FZ, Schiess R, Rodríguez‐Salarichs J, Vetterli S, Horlacher OP, Gertsch J, Redondo‐Horcajo M, Canales A, Jiménez‐Barbero J, Díaz JF, Altmann K. Synthesis, Profiling, and Bioactive Conformation of trans‐Cyclopropyl Epothilones. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian N. Kuzniewski
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, HCI H405 CH-8093 Zürich
| | - Simon Glauser
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, HCI H405 CH-8093 Zürich
| | - Fabienne Z. Gaugaz
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, HCI H405 CH-8093 Zürich
| | - Raphael Schiess
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, HCI H405 CH-8093 Zürich
| | - Javier Rodríguez‐Salarichs
- Centro de Investigaciones BiológicasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9 ES-28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Stefan Vetterli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, HCI H405 CH-8093 Zürich
| | - Oliver P. Horlacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, HCI H405 CH-8093 Zürich
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Bern Bühlstrasse 28 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Mariano Redondo‐Horcajo
- Centro de Investigaciones BiológicasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9 ES-28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Angeles Canales
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Av. Complutense ES-28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez‐Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Asociación Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en BiocienciasBizkaia Science and Technology Park building 801A ES-48160 Derio, Bizkaia Spain
- IkerbasqueBasque Foundation for Science Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 6 solairua ES-48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science & TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena s/n ES-48940 Leioa, Bizkaia Spain
| | - José Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones BiológicasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9 ES-28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Karl‐Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, HCI H405 CH-8093 Zürich
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5
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Shang K, Song S, Cheng Y, Guo L, Pei Y, Lv X, Aastrup T, Pei Z. Fabrication of Carbohydrate Chips Based on Polydopamine for Real-Time Determination of Carbohydrate⁻Lectin Interactions by QCM Biosensor. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1275. [PMID: 30961200 PMCID: PMC6401853 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel approach for preparing carbohydrate chips based on polydopamine (PDA) surface to study carbohydrate⁻lectin interactions by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor instrument has been developed. The amino-carbohydrates were immobilized on PDA-coated quartz crystals via Schiff base reaction and/or Michael addition reaction. The resulting carbohydrate-chips were applied to QCM biosensor instrument with flow-through system for real-time detection of lectin⁻carbohydrate interactions. A series of plant lectins, including wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), concanavalin A (Con A), Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I), soybean agglutinin (SBA), and peanut agglutinin (PNA), were evaluated for the binding to different kinds of carbohydrate chips. Clearly, the results show that the predicted lectin selectively binds to the carbohydrates, which demonstrates the applicability of the approach. Furthermore, the kinetics of the interactions between Con A and mannose, WGA and N-Acetylglucosamine were studied, respectively. This study provides an efficient approach to preparing carbohydrate chips based on PDA for the lectin⁻carbohydrate interactions study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Shang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Siyu Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yaping Cheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Lili Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yuxin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Lv
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | | | - Zhichao Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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6
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Ntountaniotis D. Reactions in NMR Tubes as Key Weapon in Rational Drug Design. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2018; 1824:417-430. [PMID: 30039422 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8630-9_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique suitable for obtaining detailed structural and dynamic data at atomic resolution. Progress in NMR instrumentation has led the scientific community to produce novel techniques which provide valuable information to resolve demanding and crucial questions of molecular biology and rational drug design. This chapter outlines the progress of NMR spectroscopy in the rational drug design. In addition, it offers an example of a reaction in NMR tube for achieving rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Ntountaniotis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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7
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Song S, Lu Y, Li X, Cao S, Pei Y, Aastrup T, Pei Z. Optimization of 3D Surfaces of Dextran with Different Molecule Weights for Real-Time Detection of Biomolecular Interactions by a QCM Biosensor. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E409. [PMID: 30965713 PMCID: PMC6418631 DOI: 10.3390/polym9090409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) has been extensively applied in real-time and label-free biomolecular interaction studies. However, the sensitive detection by QCM technology remains challenging, mainly due to the limited surface immobilization capacity. Here, a three-dimensional (3D) carboxymethyl dextran coated gold sensor chip surface was successfully fabricated with dextran of different molecular weight (100, 500 and 2000 kDa, respectively). To evaluate the 3D carboxymethyl dextran surface immobilization capacity, the 3D surface was used for studying antigen⁻antibody interactions on the QCM biosensor. The results showed that the protein immobilization capacity of the 3D carboxymethyl dextran (2000 kDa) surface exceeded more than 4 times the capacity of the 2D carboxyl surface, and 2 times the capacity of the traditional 3D carboxymethyl dextran (500 kDa) surface. Furthermore, the kinetic and affinity properties of antigen⁻antibody interactions were performed. Most notably, the optimized 3D carboxymethyl dextran (2000 kDa) surface could be used for small molecule detection, where the binding of biotinylated oligo (0.67 kDa) reached 8.1 Hz. The results confirmed that a 3D carboxymethyl dextran (2000 kDa) surface can be exploited for sensitive detection of low molecular weight analytes, which have great potential applications for characterizing the interactions between small molecule drugs and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yuchao Lu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xueming Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Shoupeng Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yuxin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | | | - Zhichao Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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8
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Jiménez VA, Alderete JB, Navarrete KR. Molecular modeling study on the tubulin-binding modes of epothilone derivatives: Insight into the structural basis for epothilones activity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica A. Jiménez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Andres Bello Sede Concepción; Talcahuano Chile
| | - Joel B. Alderete
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad de Concepción; Concepción Chile
| | - Karen R. Navarrete
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad de Concepción; Concepción Chile
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9
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Lee JH, Kim MS, Lee HW, Lee IYC, Kim HK, Kim ND, Lee S, Seo H, Paik Y. The Application of REDOR NMR to Understand the Conformation of Epothilone B. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1472. [PMID: 28698492 PMCID: PMC5535963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural information of small therapeutic compounds complexed in biological matrices is important for drug developments. However, structural studies on ligands bound to such a large and dynamic system as microtubules are still challenging. This article reports an application of the solid-state NMR technique to investigating the bioactive conformation of epothilone B, a microtubule stabilizing agent, whose analog ixabepilone was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an anticancer drug. First, an analog of epothilone B was designed and successfully synthesized with deuterium and fluorine labels while keeping the high potency of the drug; Second, a lyophilization protocol was developed to enhance the low sensitivity of solid-state NMR; Third, molecular dynamics information of microtubule-bound epothilone B was revealed by high-resolution NMR spectra in comparison to the non-bound epothilone B; Last, information for the macrolide conformation of microtubule-bound epothilone B was obtained from rotational-echo double-resonance (REDOR) NMR data, suggesting the X-ray crystal structure of the ligand in the P450epoK complex as a possible candidate for the conformation. Our results are important as the first demonstration of using REDOR for studying epothilones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
| | - Moon-Su Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
| | - Hyo Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
| | - Ihl-Young C Lee
- Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Hyun Kyoung Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 88 Dongnae-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea.
| | - Nam Doo Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 88 Dongnae-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea.
| | - SangGap Lee
- Spin Physics & Engineering Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Korea.
| | - Hwajeong Seo
- Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Younkee Paik
- Spin Physics & Engineering Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Korea.
- Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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10
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Nicolaou KC, Rhoades D, Wang Y, Bai R, Hamel E, Aujay M, Sandoval J, Gavrilyuk J. 12,13-Aziridinyl Epothilones. Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Olefinic Bonds from Methyl Ketones and Heteroaromatic Phosphonates and Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Potent Antitumor Agents. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7318-7334. [PMID: 28513142 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of 12,13-aziridinyl epothilone B analogues is described. These compounds were accessed by a practical, general process that involved a 12,13-olefinic methyl ketone as a starting material obtained by ozonolytic cleavage of epothilone B followed by tungsten-induced deoxygenation of the epoxide moiety. The attachment of the aziridine structural motif was achieved by application of the Ess-Kürti-Falck aziridination, while the heterocyclic side chains were introduced via stereoselective phosphonate-based olefinations. In order to ensure high (E) selectivities for the latter reaction for electron-rich heterocycles, it became necessary to develop and apply an unprecedented modification of the venerable Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction, employing 2-fluoroethoxyphosphonates that may prove to be of general value in organic synthesis. These studies resulted in the discovery of some of the most potent epothilones reported to date. Equipped with functional groups to accommodate modern drug delivery technologies, some of these compounds exhibited picomolar potencies that qualify them as payloads for antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), while a number of them revealed impressive activities against drug resistant human cancer cells, making them desirable for potential medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Derek Rhoades
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Monette Aujay
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, LLC , 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph Sandoval
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, LLC , 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Julia Gavrilyuk
- Abbvie Stemcentrx, LLC , 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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11
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Woods LM, Arico JW, Frein JD, Sackett DL, Taylor RE. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 7-Deoxy-Epothilone Analogues. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E648. [PMID: 28304361 PMCID: PMC5372660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of two deoxygenated analogues of potent epothilones is reported in an effort to analyze the relative importance of molecular conformation and ligand-target interactions to biological activity. 7-deoxy-epothilone D and 7-deoxy-(S)-14-methoxy-epothilone D were prepared through total synthesis and shown to maintain the conformational preferences of their biologically active parent congeners through computer modeling and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies. The significant decrease in observed potency for each compound suggests that a hydrogen bond between the C7-hydroxyl group and the tubulin binding site plays a critical role in the energetics of binding in the epothilone class of polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Woods
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Harper Cancer Research Institute, and the Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery & Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Joseph W Arico
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Harper Cancer Research Institute, and the Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery & Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Frein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Harper Cancer Research Institute, and the Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery & Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Dan L Sackett
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Richard E Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the Harper Cancer Research Institute, and the Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery & Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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12
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Synthesis, Biological Profiling and Determination of the Tubulin-Bound Conformation of 12-Aza-Epothilones (Azathilones). Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081010. [PMID: 27527129 PMCID: PMC6273374 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
12-Aza-epothilones (azathilones) incorporating quinoline side chains and bearing different N12-substituents have been synthesized via highly efficient RCM-based macrocyclizations. Quinoline-based azathilones with the side chain N-atom in the meta-position to the C15 atom in the macrocycle are highly potent inhibitors of cancer cell growth in vitro. In contrast, shifting the quinoline nitrogen to the position para to C15 leads to a ca. 1000-fold loss in potency. Likewise, the desaturation of the C9-C10 bond in the macrocycle to an E double bond produces a substantial reduction in antiproliferative activity. This is in stark contrast to the effect exerted by the same modification in the natural epothilone macrocycle. The conformation of a representative azathilone bound to α/β-tubulin heterodimers was determined based on TR-NOE measurements and a model for the posture of the compound in its binding site on β-tubulin was deduced through a combination of STD measurements and CORCEMA-ST calculations. The tubulin-bound, bioactive conformation of azathilones was found to be overall similar to that of epothilones A and B.
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13
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Ranade AR, Higgins L, Markowski TW, Glaser N, Kashin D, Bai R, Hong KH, Hamel E, Höfle G, Georg GI. Characterizing the Epothilone Binding Site on β-Tubulin by Photoaffinity Labeling: Identification of β-Tubulin Peptides TARGSQQY and TSRGSQQY as Targets of an Epothilone Photoprobe for Polymerized Tubulin. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3499-514. [PMID: 26986898 PMCID: PMC4845752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photoaffinity labeling with an epothilone A photoprobe led to the identification of the β-tubulin peptides TARGSQQY and TSRGSQQY as targets of the photoprobe for polymerized tubulin. These peptides represent residues 274-281 in different β-tubulin isotypes. Placing the carbene producing 21-diazo/triazolo moiety of the photoprobe in the vicinity of the TARGSQQY peptide in a homology model of TBB3 predicted a binding pose and conformation of the photoprobe that are very similar to the ones reported for 1) the high resolution cocrystal structure of epothilone A with an α,β-tubulin complex and for 2) a saturation transfer difference NMR and transferred NOESY NMR study of dimeric and polymerized tubulin. Our findings thus provide additional support for these models as physiologically the most relevant among several modes of binding that have been proposed for epothilone A in the taxane pocket of β-tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwait R. Ranade
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - LeeAnn Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Todd W. Markowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nicole Glaser
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dmitry Kashin
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Kwon Ho Hong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Gerhard Höfle
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gunda I. Georg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
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14
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Nicolaou KC, Rhoades D, Wang Y, Totokotsopoulos S, Bai R, Hamel E. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Epothilone B Side Chain Analogues. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1974-9. [PMID: 26447977 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of epothilone analogues with novel side chains equipped with an amino group are described. Their design facilitates potential conjugation to selective drug delivery systems such as antibodies. Their synthesis proceeded efficiently via Stille coupling of a readily available vinyl iodide and heterocyclic stannanes. Cytotoxicity studies and tubulin binding assays revealed two of these analogues to be more potent than epothilones A-D and the anticancer agent ixabepilone, currently in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | - Derek Rhoades
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Sotirios Totokotsopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
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15
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Larsen EM, Wilson MR, Taylor RE. Conformation-activity relationships of polyketide natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:1183-206. [PMID: 25974024 PMCID: PMC4443481 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00014a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyketides represent an important class of secondary metabolites that interact with biological targets connected to a variety of disease-associated pathways. Remarkably, nature's assembly lines, polyketide synthases, manufacture these privileged structures through a combinatorial mixture of just a few structural units. This review highlights the role of these structural elements in shaping a polyketide's conformational preferences, the use of computer-based molecular modeling and solution NMR studies in the identification of low-energy conformers, and the importance of conformational analogues in probing the bound conformation. In particular, this review covers several examples wherein conformational analysis complements classic structure-activity relationships in the design of biologically active natural product analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M Larsen
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 250 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
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16
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Negi AS, Gautam Y, Alam S, Chanda D, Luqman S, Sarkar J, Khan F, Konwar R. Natural antitubulin agents: importance of 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl fragment. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:373-89. [PMID: 25564377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are polar cytoskeletal filaments assembled from head-to-tail and comprised of lateral associations of α/β-tubulin heterodimers that play key role in various cellular processes. Because of their vital role in mitosis and various other cellular processes, microtubules have been attractive targets for several disease conditions and especially for cancer. Antitubulin is the most successful class of antimitotic agents in cancer chemotherapeutics. The target recognition of antimitotic agents as a ligand is not much explored so far. However, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl fragment has been much highlighted and discussed in such type of interactions. In this review, some of the most important naturally occurring antimitotic agents and their interactions with microtubules are discussed with a special emphasis on the role of 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl unit. At last, some emerging naturally occurring antimitotic agents have also been tabulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind S Negi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India.
| | - Yashveer Gautam
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Sarfaraz Alam
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Debabrata Chanda
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Jayanta Sarkar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Rituraj Konwar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
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17
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Abstract
Epothilones A and B are naturally occurring microtubule stabilizers with nanomolar or even sub-nanomolar activity against human cancer cells in vitro and potent in vivo antitumor activity against multidrug-resistant tumors. Over the last decade, ten epothilonetype agents have entered clinical trials in humans; of these, the epothilone B lactam ixabepilone (BMS-247550; Ixempra®) was approved by the FDA for breast cancer treatment in 2007. Numerous synthetic and semisynthetic analogs of epothilones have been prepared and their in vitro and (in selected cases) in vivo biological activity has been determined, producing a wealth of SAR information on this compound family. This chapter will provide a brief summary of the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of epothilone B (Epo B). The major part of the discussion will then be organized around those epothilone analogs that have entered clinical development. For each analog the underlying synthetic chemistry and the most important preclinical features will be reviewed, together with the properties of some important related structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Schiess
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
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18
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Jiménez VA, Alderete JB, Navarrete KR. Structural insight into epothilones antitumor activity based on the conformational preferences and tubulin binding modes of epothilones A and B obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:789-803. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.911702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica A. Jiménez
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andres Bello Sede Concepción, Autopista Concepción-Talcahuano, 7100 Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Joel B. Alderete
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Karen R. Navarrete
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion, Chile
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19
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Canales A, Nieto L, Rodríguez-Salarichs J, Sánchez-Murcia PA, Coderch C, Cortés-Cabrera A, Paterson I, Carlomagno T, Gago F, Andreu JM, Altmann KH, Jiménez-Barbero J, Díaz JF. Molecular recognition of epothilones by microtubules and tubulin dimers revealed by biochemical and NMR approaches. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1033-43. [PMID: 24524625 DOI: 10.1021/cb400673h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The binding of epothilones to dimeric tubulin and to microtubules has been studied by means of biochemical and NMR techniques. We have determined the binding constants of epothilone A (EpoA) and B (EpoB) to dimeric tubulin, which are 4 orders of magnitude lower than those for microtubules, and we have elucidated the conformation and binding epitopes of EpoA and EpoB when bound to tubulin dimers and microtubules in solution. The determined conformation of epothilones when bound to dimeric tubulin is similar to that found by X-ray crystallographic techniques for the binding of EpoA to the Tubulin/RB3/TTL complex; it is markedly different from that reported for EpoA bound to zinc-induced sheets obtained by electron crystallography. Likewise, only the X-ray structure of EpoA bound to the Tubulin/RB3/TTL complex at the luminal site, but not the electron crystallography structure, is compatible with the results obtained by STD on the binding epitope of EpoA bound to dimeric tubulin, thus confirming that the allosteric change (structuring of the M-loop) is the biochemical mechanism of induction of tubulin assembly by epothilones. TR-NOESY signals of EpoA bound to microtubules have been obtained, supporting the interaction with a transient binding site with a fast exchange rate (pore site), consistent with the notion that epothilones access the luminal site through the pore site, as has also been observed for taxanes. Finally, the differences in the tubulin binding affinities of a series of epothilone analogues has been quantitatively explained using the newly determined binding pose and the COMBINE methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Canales
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Dep.
Química Orgánica I, Fac. C. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Nieto
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Salarichs
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de
Estudios
Avanzados de Cuba, Carretera San Antonio
km 1 1/2, Valle Grande, La Lisa, Ciudad Habana CP 17100, Cuba
| | - Pedro A. Sánchez-Murcia
- Área
de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas−Unidad
Asociada de I+D+i del CSIC, Universidad de Alcalá E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claire Coderch
- Área
de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas−Unidad
Asociada de I+D+i del CSIC, Universidad de Alcalá E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Cortés-Cabrera
- Área
de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas−Unidad
Asociada de I+D+i del CSIC, Universidad de Alcalá E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ian Paterson
- University
Chemical Laboratory, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Carlomagno
- Structural
and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Federico Gago
- Área
de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas−Unidad
Asociada de I+D+i del CSIC, Universidad de Alcalá E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Andreu
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HCI H405, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Fernando Díaz
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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20
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van Ingen H, Bonvin AMJJ. Information-driven modeling of large macromolecular assemblies using NMR data. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2014; 241:103-114. [PMID: 24656083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Availability of high-resolution atomic structures is one of the prerequisites for a mechanistic understanding of biomolecular function. This atomic information can, however, be difficult to acquire for interesting systems such as high molecular weight and multi-subunit complexes. For these, low-resolution and/or sparse data from a variety of sources including NMR are often available to define the interaction between the subunits. To make best use of all the available information and shed light on these challenging systems, integrative computational tools are required that can judiciously combine and accurately translate the sparse experimental data into structural information. In this Perspective we discuss NMR techniques and data sources available for the modeling of large and multi-subunit complexes. Recent developments are illustrated by particularly challenging application examples taken from the literature. Within this context, we also position our data-driven docking approach, HADDOCK, which can integrate a variety of information sources to drive the modeling of biomolecular complexes. It is the synergy between experimentation and computational modeling that will provides us with detailed views on the machinery of life and lead to a mechanistic understanding of biomolecular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo van Ingen
- NMR Spectroscopy Research Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Faculty of Science - Chemistry, Padulaan 8, 3854 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexandre M J J Bonvin
- NMR Spectroscopy Research Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Faculty of Science - Chemistry, Padulaan 8, 3854 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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21
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Parajuli P, Pandey RP, Koirala N, Yoon YJ, Kim BG, Sohng JK. Enzymatic synthesis of epothilone A glycosides. AMB Express 2014; 4:31. [PMID: 24949266 PMCID: PMC4052672 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Epothilones are extremely cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents with epoxide, thiazole, and ketone groups that share equipotent kinetic similarity with taxol. The in vitro glycosylation catalyzed by uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase (YjiC) from Bacillus licheniformis generated six novel epothilone A glycoside analouges including epothilone A 7-O-β-D-glucoside, epothilone A 7-O-β-D-galactoside, epothilone A 3,7-O-β-D-digalactoside, epothilone A 7-O-β-D-2-deoxyglucoside, epothilone A 7-O-β-L-rhamnoside, and epothilone A 7-O-β-L-fucoside. Epothilone A 7-O-β-D-glucoside was structurally elucidated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array (UPLC-PDA) conjugated with high resolution quantitative time-of-flight-electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HR-QTOF ESI-MS/MS) supported by one-and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance studies whereas other epothilone A glycosides were characterized by UPLC-PDA and HR-QTOF ESI-MS/MS analyses. The time dependent conversion study of epothilone A to epothilone A 7-O-β-D-glucoside found to be maximum (~26%) between 3 h to 5 h incubation.
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22
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Wessjohann LA, Scheid GO, Eichelberger U, Umbreen S. Total Synthesis of Epothilone D: The Nerol/Macroaldolization Approach. J Org Chem 2013; 78:10588-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401355r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Günther O. Scheid
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Uwe Eichelberger
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sumaira Umbreen
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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23
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Sang F, Feng P, Chen J, Ding Y, Duan X, Zhai J, Ma X, Zhang B, Zhang Q, Lin J, Chen Y. Epothilone D and its 9-Methyl analogues: combinatorial syntheses, conformation, and biological activities. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 68:321-32. [PMID: 23994325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Epothilone D (Epo D) and its 9-Methyl conformational analogues were synthesized through a highly efficient combinatorial approach. The fragment E was synthesized in 11 total steps with 6 longest linear steps, and each aldehyde B was prepared via a 3-step sequence. Starting from the common precursor E and a suitable aldehydes B, each target molecule were obtained in only 4 steps. The 9-(S)-epo D and 9-(R)-epo D demonstrated significant difference in inhibition activities against cancer cell lines and in conformational analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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24
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Abstract
This article provides an overview on the chemistry and structure-activity relationships of macrolide-based microtubule-stabilizing agents. The primary focus will be on the total synthesis or examples thereof, but a brief summary of the current state of knowledge on the structure-activity relationships of epothilones, laulimalide, dictyostatin, and peloruside A will also be given. This macrolide class of compounds, over the last decade, has become the subject of growing interest due to their ability to inhibit human cancer cell proliferation through a taxol-like mechanism of action.
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25
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Díaz JF, Andreu JM, Jiménez-Barbero J. The interaction of microtubules with stabilizers characterized at biochemical and structural levels. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 286:121-49. [PMID: 23563612 DOI: 10.1007/128_2008_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of paclitaxel and its peculiar mechanism of cytotoxicity, which has made it and its analogues widely used antitumour drugs, great effort has been made to understand the way they produce their effect in microtubules and to find other products that share this effect without the undesired side effects of low solubility and development of multidrug resistance by tumour cells. This chapter reviews the actual knowledge about the biochemical and structural mechanisms of microtubule stabilization by microtubule stabilizing agents, and illustrates the way paclitaxel and its biomimetics induce microtubule assembly, the thermodynamics of their binding, the way they reach their binding site and the conformation they have when bound.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain,
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26
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Field J, Díaz J, Miller J. The Binding Sites of Microtubule-Stabilizing Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:301-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Shi G, Wang Y, Jin Y, Chi S, Shi Q, Ge M, Wang S, Zhang X, Xu S. Structural insight into the mechanism of epothilone A bound to beta-tubulin and its mutants at Arg282Gln and Thr274Ile. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2012; 30:559-73. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2012.687522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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28
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Entwistle RA, Rizk RS, Cheng DM, Lushington GH, Himes RH, Gupta ML. Differentiating between models of epothilone binding to microtubules using tubulin mutagenesis, cytotoxicity, and molecular modeling. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1580-6. [PMID: 22807375 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule stabilizers are powerful antimitotic compounds and represent a proven cancer treatment strategy. Several classes of compounds in clinical use or trials, such as the taxanes and epothilones, bind to the same region of β-tubulin. Determining how these molecules interact with tubulin and stabilize microtubules is important both for understanding the mechanism of action and enhancing chemotherapeutic potential, for example, minimizing side effects, increasing solubility, and overcoming resistance. Structural studies using non-polymerized tubulin or stabilized polymers have produced different models of epothilone binding. In this study we used directed mutagenesis of the binding site on Saccharomyces cerevisiae β-tubulin to analyze interactions between epothilone B and its biologically relevant substrate, dynamic microtubules. Five engineered amino acid changes contributed to a 125-fold increase in epothilone B cytotoxicity independent of inherent microtubule stability. The mutagenesis of endogenous β-tubulin was done in otherwise isogenic strains. This facilitated the correlation of amino acid substitutions with altered cytotoxicity using molecular mechanics simulations. The results, which are based on the interaction between epothilone B and dynamic microtubules, most strongly support the binding mode determined by NMR spectroscopy-based studies. This work establishes a system for discriminating between potential binding modes and among various compounds and/or analogues using a sensitive biological activity-based readout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Entwistle
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7534, USA
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29
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Lozynski M. Patupilone and Ixabepilone: The Effect of a Point Structural Change on the Exo–Endo Conformational Profile. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:7605-17. [PMID: 22668078 DOI: 10.1021/jp212628v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Lozynski
- Institute of Chemical
Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Pl. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie
5, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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30
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Field JJ, Pera B, Calvo E, Canales A, Zurwerra D, Trigili C, Rodríguez-Salarichs J, Matesanz R, Kanakkanthara A, Wakefield SJ, Singh AJ, Jiménez-Barbero J, Northcote P, Miller JH, López JA, Hamel E, Barasoain I, Altmann KH, Díaz JF. Zampanolide, a potent new microtubule-stabilizing agent, covalently reacts with the taxane luminal site in tubulin α,β-heterodimers and microtubules. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2012; 19:686-98. [PMID: 22726683 PMCID: PMC3383615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Zampanolide and its less active analog dactylolide compete with paclitaxel for binding to microtubules and represent a new class of microtubule-stabilizing agent (MSA). Mass spectrometry demonstrated that the mechanism of action of both compounds involved covalent binding to β-tubulin at residues N228 and H229 in the taxane site of the microtubule. Alkylation of N228 and H229 was also detected in α,β-tubulin dimers. However, unlike cyclostreptin, the other known MSA that alkylates β-tubulin, zampanolide was a strong MSA. Modeling the structure of the adducts, using the NMR-derived dactylolide conformation, indicated that the stabilizing activity of zampanolide is likely due to interactions with the M-loop. Our results strongly support the existence of the luminal taxane site of microtubules in tubulin dimers and suggest that microtubule nucleation induction by MSAs may proceed through an allosteric mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Field
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Benet Pera
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Canales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Didier Zurwerra
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HCI H405, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Trigili
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Salarichs
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Cuba. Ciudad Habana, CP. 17100. Cuba
| | - Ruth Matesanz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arun Kanakkanthara
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - St. John Wakefield
- Department of Pathology, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - A. Jonathan Singh
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Peter Northcote
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - John H. Miller
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Juan Antonio López
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HCI H405, Zürich, Switzerland
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Brachmann SM, Kleylein-Sohn J, Gaulis S, Kauffmann A, Blommers MJJ, Kazic-Legueux M, Laborde L, Hattenberger M, Stauffer F, Vaxelaire J, Romanet V, Henry C, Murakami M, Guthy DA, Sterker D, Bergling S, Wilson C, Brümmendorf T, Fritsch C, Garcia-Echeverria C, Sellers WR, Hofmann F, Maira SM. Characterization of the mechanism of action of the pan class I PI3K inhibitor NVP-BKM120 across a broad range of concentrations. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:1747-57. [PMID: 22653967 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The pan-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor BKM120 was found, at high concentrations, to cause cell death in various cellular systems, irrespective of their level of PI3K addiction. Transcriptional and biochemical profiling studies were used to identify the origin of these unexpected and apparently PI3K-independent effects. At 5- to 10-fold, the concentration needed to half-maximally inhibit PI3K signaling. BKM120 treatment caused changes in expression of mitotic genes and the induction of a robust G(2)-M arrest. Tubulin polymerization assays and nuclear magnetic resonance-binding studies revealed that BKM120 inhibited microtubule dynamics upon direct binding to tubulin. To assess the contribution of this off-target activity vis-à-vis the antitumor activity of BKM120 in PI3K-dependent tumors, we used a mechanistic PI3K-α-dependent model. We observed that, in vivo, daily treatment of mice with doses of BKM120 up to 40 mg/kg led to tumor regressions with no increase in the mitotic index. Thus, strong antitumor activity can be achieved in PI3K-dependent models at exposures that are below those necessary to engage the off-target activity. In comparison, the clinical data indicate that it is unlikely that BKM120 will achieve exposures sufficient to significantly engage the off-target activity at tolerated doses and schedules. However, in preclinical settings, the consequences of the off-target activity start to manifest themselves at concentrations above 1 μmol/L in vitro and doses above 50 mg/kg in efficacy studies using subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice. Hence, careful concentration and dose range selection is required to ensure that any observation can be correctly attributed to BKM120 inhibition of PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia M Brachmann
- NIBR Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel CH4002, Switzerland.
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Carlomagno T. NMR in natural products: understanding conformation, configuration and receptor interactions. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:536-54. [PMID: 22456471 DOI: 10.1039/c2np00098a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2011. Natural products are of tremendous importance in both traditional and modern medicine. For medicinal chemistry natural products represent a challenge, as their chemical synthesis and modification are complex processes, which require many, often stereo-selective, synthetic steps. A prerequisite for the design of analogs of natural products, with more accessible synthetic routes, is the availability of their bioactive conformation. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography are the two techniques of choice to investigate the structure of natural products. In this review, I describe the most recent advances in NMR to study the conformation of natural products either free in solution or bound to their cellular receptors. In chapter 2, I focus on the use of residual dipolar couplings (RDC). On the basis of a few examples, I discuss the benefit of complementing classical NMR parameters, such as NOEs and scalar couplings, with dipolar couplings to simultaneously determine both the conformation and the relative configuration of natural products in solution. Chapter 3 is dedicated to the study of the structure of natural products in complex with their cellular receptors and is further divided in two sections. In the first section, I describe two solution-state NMR methodologies to investigate the binding mode of low-affinity ligands to macromolecular receptors. The first approach, INPHARMA (Interligand Noes for PHArmacophore Mapping), is based on the observation of interligand NOEs between two small molecules binding competitively to a common receptor. INPHARMA reveals the relative binding mode of the two ligands, thus allowing ligand superimposition. The second approach is based on paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) of ligand resonances in the presence of a receptor containing a paramagnetic center. In the second section, I focus on solid-state NMR spectroscopy as a tool to access the bioactive conformation of natural products in complex with macromolecular receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Carlomagno
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg
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Coderch C, Klett J, Morreale A, Díaz JF, Gago F. Comparative Binding Energy (COMBINE) Analysis Supports a Proposal for the Binding Mode of Epothilones to β-Tubulin. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:836-43. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Cheng CI, Chang YP, Chu YH. Biomolecular interactions and tools for their recognition: focus on the quartz crystal microbalance and its diverse surface chemistries and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:1947-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhan W, Jiang Y, Banerjee A, Brodie PJ, Bane S, Kingston DGI, Liotta DC, Snyder JP. C6-C8 bridged epothilones: consequences of installing a conformational lock at the edge of the macrocycle. Chemistry 2011; 17:14792-804. [PMID: 22127984 PMCID: PMC3248799 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of conformationally restrained epothilone analogues with a short bridge between the methyl groups at C6 and C8 was designed to mimic the binding pose assigned to our recently reported EpoA-microtubule binding model. A versatile synthetic route to these bridged epothilone analogues has been successfully devised and implemented. Biological evaluation of the compounds against A2780 human ovarian cancer and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines suggested that the introduction of a bridge between C6-C8 reduced potency by 25-1000 fold in comparison with natural epothilone D. Tubulin assembly measurements indicate these bridged epothilone analogues to be mildly active, but without significant microtubule stabilization capacity. Molecular mechanics and DFT energy evaluations suggest the mild activity of the bridged epo-analogues may be due to internal conformational strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta GA 30322 (USA), Fax: (+1) 404-712-8670
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta GA 30322 (USA), Fax: (+1) 404-712-8670
| | - Abhijit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902-6016 (USA)
| | - Peggy J. Brodie
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 (USA)
| | - Susan Bane
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902-6016 (USA)
| | - David G. I. Kingston
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 (USA)
| | - Dennis C. Liotta
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta GA 30322 (USA), Fax: (+1) 404-712-8670
| | - James P. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta GA 30322 (USA), Fax: (+1) 404-712-8670
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Amos LA. What tubulin drugs tell us about microtubule structure and dynamics. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:916-26. [PMID: 22001382 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of small molecules, including alkaloids, macrolides and peptides, bind to tubulin and disturb microtubule assembly dynamics. Some agents inhibit assembly, others inhibit disassembly. The binding sites of drugs that stabilize microtubules are discussed in relation to the properties of microtubule associated proteins. The activities of assembly inhibitors are discussed in relation to different nucleotide states of tubulin family protein structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Amos
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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37
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Jiménez VA. Quantum-Chemical Study on the Bioactive Conformation of Epothilones. J Chem Inf Model 2010; 50:2176-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ci1003416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica A. Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Grupo de Química Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
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38
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Erdélyi M, Navarro-Vázquez A, Pfeiffer B, Kuzniewski CN, Felser A, Widmer T, Gertsch J, Pera B, Díaz JF, Altmann KH, Carlomagno T. The binding mode of side chain- and C3-modified epothilones to tubulin. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:911-20. [PMID: 20432490 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The tubulin-binding mode of C3- and C15-modified analogues of epothilone A (Epo A) was determined by NMR spectroscopy and computational methods and compared with the existing structural models of tubulin-bound natural Epo A. Only minor differences were observed in the conformation of the macrocycle between Epo A and the C3-modified analogues investigated. In particular, 3-deoxy- (compound 2) and 3-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-Epo A (3) were found to adopt similar conformations in the tubulin-binding cleft as Epo A, thus indicating that the 3-OH group is not essential for epothilones to assume their bioactive conformation. None of the available models of the tubulin-epothilone complex is able to fully recapitulate the differences in tubulin-polymerizing activity and microtubule-binding affinity between C20-modified epothilones 6 (C20-propyl), 7 (C20-butyl), and 8 (C20-hydroxypropyl). Based on the results of transferred NOE experiments in the presence of tubulin, the isomeric C15 quinoline-based Epo B analogues 4 and 5 show very similar orientations of the side chain, irrespective of the position of the nitrogen atom in the quinoline ring. The quinoline side chain stacks on the imidazole moiety of beta-His227 with equal efficiency in both cases, thus suggesting that the aromatic side chain moiety in epothilones contributes to tubulin binding through strong van der Waals interactions with the protein rather than hydrogen bonding involving the heteroaromatic nitrogen atom. These conclusions are in line with existing tubulin polymerization and microtubule-binding data for 4, 5, and Epo B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Erdélyi
- NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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39
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Kumar A, Heise H, Blommers MJJ, Krastel P, Schmitt E, Petersen F, Jeganathan S, Mandelkow EM, Carlomagno T, Griesinger C, Baldus M. Interaction of Epothilone B (Patupilone) with Microtubules as Detected by Two-Dimensional Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Kumar A, Heise H, Blommers MJJ, Krastel P, Schmitt E, Petersen F, Jeganathan S, Mandelkow EM, Carlomagno T, Griesinger C, Baldus M. Interaction of Epothilone B (Patupilone) with Microtubules as Detected by Two-Dimensional Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:7504-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Probing interactions of tubulin with small molecules, peptides, and protein fragments by solution nuclear magnetic resonance. Methods Cell Biol 2010. [PMID: 20466147 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(10)95022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The description of the molecular mechanisms of interaction between tubulin or microtubules and partners at atomic scale is expected to have critical impacts on the understanding of basic physiological processes. This information will also help the design of future drug candidates that may be used to fight various pathologies such as cancer or neurological diseases. For these reasons, this aspect of tubulin research has been tackled since the seventies using many different methods and at different scales. NMR appears as a unique approach to provide, with atomic resolution, the solution structure and dynamical properties of tubulin/microtubule partners in free and bound states. Though tubulin is not directly amenable to solution NMR, the NMR ligand-based experiments allow one to obtain valuable data on the molecular mechanisms that sustain structure-function relationship, in particular atomic details on the partner binding site. We will first describe herein some basic principles of solution NMR spectroscopy that should not be missed for a comprehensive reading of NMR reports. A series of results will then be presented to illustrate the wealth and variety of NMR experiments and how this approach enlightens tubulin/microtubules interaction with partners.
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42
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Dietrich SA, Lindauer R, Stierlin C, Gertsch J, Matesanz R, Notararigo S, Díaz JF, Altmann KH. Epothilone analogues with benzimidazole and quinoline side chains: chemical synthesis, antiproliferative activity, and interactions with tubulin. Chemistry 2010; 15:10144-57. [PMID: 19697384 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of epothilone B and D analogues bearing isomeric quinoline or functionalized benzimidazole side chains has been prepared by chemical synthesis in a highly convergent manner. All analogues have been found to interact with the tubulin/microtubule system and to inhibit human cancer cell proliferation in vitro, albeit with different potencies (IC(50) values between 1 and 150 nM). The affinity of quinoline-based epothilone B and D analogues for stabilized microtubules clearly depends on the position of the N-atom in the quinoline system, while the induction of tubulin polymerization in vitro appears to be less sensitive to N-positioning. The potent inhibition of human cancer cell growth by epothilone analogues bearing functionalized benzimidazole side chains suggests that these systems might be conjugated with tumor-targeting moieties to form tumor-targeted prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Anthoine Dietrich
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, HCI H405, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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43
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Chen QH, Ganesh T, Jiang Y, Banerjee A, Sharma S, Bane S, Snyder JP, Kingston DGI. Novel epothilone lactones by an unusual diversion of the Grubbs' metathesis reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:2019-21. [PMID: 20221478 DOI: 10.1039/b926174e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unusual reaction with Grubbs' catalyst during the synthesis of bridged epothilones yielded five-membered internal lactones instead of the expected metathesis products. Three of the lactones have activities comparable to epothilone D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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44
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Frein JD, Taylor RE, Sackett DL. New sources of chemical diversity inspired by biosynthesis: rational design of a potent epothilone analogue. Org Lett 2009; 11:3186-9. [PMID: 19572566 DOI: 10.1021/ol900971r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A concise total synthesis of (S)-14-methoxyepothilone D has been accomplished. (S)-14-Methoxyepothilone D represents a conceptually novel example of polyketide analogue design based on an alternative biogenetic pattern of extender units. The significant biological activity observed for this compound provides a foundation to support studies designed to prepare derivatives of this type through fermentation of genetically engineered organisms expressing the epothilone PKS gene cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Frein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Walther Cancer Research Center University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, USA
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45
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Rusinska-Roszak D, Lozynski M. De(side chain) model of epothilone: bioconformer interconversions DFT study. J Mol Model 2009; 15:859-69. [PMID: 19153781 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-008-0428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Using ab initio methods, we have studied conformations of the de(sidechain)de(dioxy)difluoroepothilone model to quantify the effect of stability change between the exo and endo conformers of the epoxy ring. The DFT minimization of the macrolactone ring reveals four low energy conformers, although MP2 predicted five stable structures. The model tested with DFT hybride functional (B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)) exhibits the global minimum for one of the exo forms (C), experimentally observed in the solid state, but unexpectedly with the MP2 electron correlation method for the virtual endo form (W). Using the QST3 technique, several pathways were found for the conversion of the low energy conformers to the other low energy exo representatives, as well as within the endo analog subset. The potential energy relationships obtained for several exo forms suggest a high conformational mobility between three, experimentally observed, conformers. The high rotational barrier, however, excludes direct equilibrium with experimental EC-derived endo form S. The highest calculated transition state for the conversion of the most stable exo M interligand to the endo S form is approximately a 28 kcal/mol above the energy of the former. The two-step interconversion of the exo H conformer to the endo S requires at least 28 kcal/mol. Surprisingly, we found that the transition state energy of the H form to the virtual endo W has the acceptable value of about 9 kcal/mol and the next energy barrier for free interconversion of endo W to endo S is 13 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Rusinska-Roszak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Pl. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 2, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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46
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Altmann KH. Preclinical pharmacology and structure-activity studies of epothilones. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 2009; 90:157-220. [PMID: 19209843 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-78207-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland.
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47
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Chen QH, Ganesh T, Brodie P, Slebodnick C, Jiang Y, Banerjee A, Bane S, Snyder JP, Kingston DGI. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of bridged epothilone D analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4542-52. [PMID: 19039362 PMCID: PMC2790820 DOI: 10.1039/b814823f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Six epothilone D analogues with a bridge between the C4-methyl and the C12-methyl carbons were prepared in an attempt to constrain epothilone D to its proposed tubulin-binding conformation. Ring-closing metathesis (RCM) was employed as the key step to build the C4-C26 bridge. In antiproliferative assays in the human ovarian cancer (A2780) and prostate cancer (PC3) cell lines, and also in tubulin assembly assay, all these compounds proved to be less active than epothilone D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
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48
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The Tubulin Binding Mode of MT Stabilizing and Destabilizing Agents Studied by NMR. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2008; 286:151-208. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2008_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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49
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Mulzer J, Altmann KH, Höfle G, Müller R, Prantz K. Epothilones – A fascinating family of microtubule stabilizing antitumor agents. CR CHIM 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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The Tubulin Binding Mode of Microtubule Stabilizing Agents Studied by Electron Crystallography. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2008; 286:209-57. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2008_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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