1
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Prakashni M, Dasgupta S. BP23C7: high-yield synthesis and application in constructing [3]rotaxanes and responsive pseudo[2]rotaxanes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1871-1884. [PMID: 38349013 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02094k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A biphenyl-23-crown-7 ether (BP23C7) is synthesized in 86% yield from commercially available starting materials. BP23C7 forms pseudo[2]rotaxane with a dibenzylammonium ion (DBA+), exhibiting a good association constant value (ka = 1 × 103 M-1). Subsequently, fluorophoric properties of BP23C7 and anthracene terminated axles are blended to create responsive pseudo[2]rotaxanes. The "turn-on" fluorescence response of BP23C7 due to the addition of fluoride and chloride anions to pseudo[2]rotaxane systems has been investigated. Concomitant fluorescence quenching of the anthracene moiety of corresponding axles due to ion-pair formation has been addressed. Furthermore, two variants of [23]crown ethers, i.e. BP23C7 and o-xylene-23-crown-7 ether (X23C7), are applied for constructing homo[3]rotaxane architectures. A half-axle comprising of DBA+ moiety and a terminal olefin is mixed separately with two [23]crown ethers and subjected to self-metathesis using Grubbs' first-generation catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Prakashni
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna - 800005, India.
| | - Suvankar Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna - 800005, India.
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2
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Djemili R, Adrouche S, Durot S, Heitz V. Allosterically Driven Assembly of a Multisite Cage-Based [2]Semirotaxane. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14760-14766. [PMID: 37812736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of a [2]semirotaxane from a half-dumbbell endowed with a pyrazine coordination site and a bis-Zn(II) porphyrin cage as a multisite ring is reported. The threading is allosterically driven by the coordination of silver(I) ions to the multiple binding sites of the cage linkers, as shown by NMR studies. Addition of chloride ions destabilizes [2]semirotaxane, leading to its disassembly into its cage and half-dumbbell components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Djemili
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sonia Adrouche
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Durot
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Heitz
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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3
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Martinez-Bulit P, Wilson BH, Loeb SJ. One-pot synthesis of porphyrin-based [5]rotaxanes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4395-4400. [PMID: 32463405 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00906g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot reaction is used to make a series of [5]rotaxanes. The protocol involves simultaneous threading-followed-by-stoppering to trap a macrocycle (dibenzo[24]crown-8, DB24C8) on an axle to form a mechanically interlocked molecule (MIM) - in this case a rotaxane - and the condensation of an aldehyde with a pyrrole to form a porphyrin precursor. For each [5]rotaxane, a different combination of recognition site and stoppering group was used; the protonation state of the [5]rotaxane can be used to generate different co-conformational states for each [5]rotaxane making these systems potential multi-state switches for further study in solution or the solid-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Martinez-Bulit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Benjamin H Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W. Hewson
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering; Queensland University of Technology; 4001 Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Kathleen M. Mullen
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering; Queensland University of Technology; 4001 Brisbane, Queensland Australia
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5
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Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM. Porphyrin cage compounds based on glycoluril – from enzyme mimics to functional molecular machines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9590-9605. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04372a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This Feature Article gives an overview of the application of glycoluril-based porphyrin cage compounds in host–guest chemistry, allosterically controlled self-assembly, biomimetic catalysis, and polymer encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roeland J. M. Nolte
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
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6
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Striepe L, Baumgartner T. Viologens and Their Application as Functional Materials. Chemistry 2017; 23:16924-16940. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Striepe
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- Current address: Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele St Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
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7
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Naveen, Babu SA. An entry into new classes of optically active aza-oxo polyether macrocycles via the ring closing metathesis-based macrocyclization. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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8
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Hiroto S, Miyake Y, Shinokubo H. Synthesis and Functionalization of Porphyrins through Organometallic Methodologies. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2910-3043. [PMID: 27709907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the postfunctionalization of porphyrins and related compounds through catalytic and stoichiometric organometallic methodologies. The employment of organometallic reactions has become common in porphyrin synthesis. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are now standard techniques for constructing carbon-carbon bonds in porphyrin synthesis. In addition, iridium- or palladium-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization of porphyrins is emerging as an efficient way to install various substituents onto porphyrins. Furthermore, the copper-mediated Huisgen cycloaddition reaction has become a frequent strategy to incorporate porphyrin units into functional molecules. The use of these organometallic techniques, along with the traditional porphyrin synthesis, now allows chemists to construct a wide range of highly elaborated and complex porphyrin architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hiroto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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9
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Wadhwa NR, Hughes NC, Hachem JA, Mezei G. Metal-templated synthesis of intertwined, functionalized strands as precursors to molecularly woven materials. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25584h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel approach toward molecularly woven materials is presented, based on metal-templated precursors containing intertwined strands with functional endings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil C. Hughes
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Michigan University
- Kalamazoo
- USA
| | | | - Gellert Mezei
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Michigan University
- Kalamazoo
- USA
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10
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Naveen, Babu SA. Ring-closing metathesis reaction-based synthesis of new classes of polyether macrocyclic systems. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Urbani M, Torres T. Tautomerism and Atropisomerism in Free-Base (meso)-Strapped Porphyrins: Static and Dynamic Aspects. Chemistry 2014; 20:16337-49. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Domoto Y, Sase S, Goto K. Efficient End-Capping Synthesis of Neutral Donor-Acceptor [2]Rotaxanes Under Additive-Free and Mild Conditions. Chemistry 2014; 20:15998-6005. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Juríček M, Barnes JC, Strutt NL, Vermeulen NA, Ghooray KC, Dale EJ, McGonigal PR, Blackburn AK, Avestro AJ, Stoddart JF. An ExBox [2]catenane. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00488d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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14
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Coumans RGE, Elemans JAAW, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. Interlocked Porphyrin Switches. Chemistry 2013; 19:7758-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Li H, Zhu Z, Fahrenbach AC, Savoie BM, Ke C, Barnes JC, Lei J, Zhao YL, Lilley LM, Marks TJ, Ratner MA, Stoddart JF. Mechanical Bond-Induced Radical Stabilization. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 135:456-67. [DOI: 10.1021/ja310060n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Zhixue Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Albert C. Fahrenbach
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Brett M. Savoie
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Chenfeng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Jonathan C. Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Juying Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Yan-Li Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Laura M. Lilley
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113,
United States
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16
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Wang XY, Han JM, Pei J. Energy Transfer and Concentration-Dependent Conformational Modulation: A Porphyrin-Containing [3]Rotaxane. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:2429-37. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Roche C, Sour A, Sauvage J. A Flexible Copper(I)‐Complexed [4]Rotaxane Containing Two Face‐to‐Face Porphyrinic Plates that Behaves as a Distensible Receptor. Chemistry 2012; 18:8366-76. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Roche
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo‐Minérale, Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS/UMR7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 368851637
| | - Angélique Sour
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo‐Minérale, Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS/UMR7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 368851637
| | - Jean‐Pierre Sauvage
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo‐Minérale, Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg‐CNRS/UMR7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex (France), Fax: (+33) 368851637
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18
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Abstract
In this review, porphyrins bearing quaternary azaaromatic moieties are described as follows: firstly those with useful physicochemical properties, then, species showing biological activities and finally, porphyrins bound with fullerenes and with cyclodextrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Śliwa
- Institute of Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Jan Długosz University of Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej Ave 13/15, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Barbara Herman
- Institute of Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Jan Długosz University of Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej Ave 13/15, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Tomasz Girek
- Institute of Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Jan Długosz University of Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej Ave 13/15, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland
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19
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Li H, Fahrenbach AC, Coskun A, Zhu Z, Barin G, Zhao YL, Botros YY, Sauvage JP, Stoddart JF. A Light-Stimulated Molecular Switch Driven by Radical-Radical Interactions in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Li H, Fahrenbach AC, Coskun A, Zhu Z, Barin G, Zhao YL, Botros YY, Sauvage JP, Stoddart JF. A Light-Stimulated Molecular Switch Driven by Radical-Radical Interactions in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:6782-8. [PMID: 21717550 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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21
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Suzaki Y, Shimada K, Chihara E, Saito T, Tsuchido Y, Osakada K. [3]Rotaxane-Based Dinuclear Palladium Catalysts for Ring-closure Mizoroki–Heck Reaction. Org Lett 2011; 13:3774-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol201357b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Suzaki
- Chemical Resources Laboratory R1-3, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Shimada
- Chemical Resources Laboratory R1-3, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Eriko Chihara
- Chemical Resources Laboratory R1-3, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Chemical Resources Laboratory R1-3, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Chemical Resources Laboratory R1-3, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Chemical Resources Laboratory R1-3, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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22
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Senge MO. Stirring the porphyrin alphabet soup—functionalization reactions for porphyrins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1943-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03984e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Mulholland AR, Woodward CP, Langford SJ. Fullerene-templated synthesis of a cyclic porphyrin trimer using olefin metathesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1494-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04474a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Roche C, Sauvage JP, Sour A, Strutt NL. A [3]rotaxane composed of a zinc porphyrin tetra-substituted with coordinating macrocycles and of two short rigid axles. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20734b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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26
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Li H, Fahrenbach AC, Dey SK, Basu S, Trabolsi A, Zhu Z, Botros YY, Stoddart JF. Mechanical Bond Formation by Radical Templation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201004488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Li H, Fahrenbach AC, Dey SK, Basu S, Trabolsi A, Zhu Z, Botros YY, Stoddart JF. Mechanical Bond Formation by Radical Templation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:8260-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201004488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Clark PG, Guidry EN, Chan WY, Steinmetz WE, Grubbs RH. Synthesis of a molecular charm bracelet via click cyclization and olefin metathesis clipping. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:3405-12. [PMID: 20158251 DOI: 10.1021/ja9090337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of a polycatenated cyclic polymer, a structure that resembles a molecular charm bracelet. Ruthenium-catalyzed ring-opening metathesis polymerization of an amino-containing cyclic olefin monomer in the presence of a chain transfer agent generated an alpha,omega-diazide functionalized polyamine. Cyclization of the resulting linear polyamine using pseudo-high-dilution copper-catalyzed click cyclization produced a cyclic polymer in 19% yield. The click reaction was then further employed to remove linear contaminants from the cyclic polymer using azide- and alkyne-functionalized scavenging resins, and the purified cyclic polymer product was characterized by gel permeation chromatography, (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and IR spectroscopy. Polymer hydrogenation and conversion to the corresponding polyammonium species enabled coordination and interlocking of diolefin polyether fragments around the cyclic polymer backbone using ruthenium-catalyzed ring-closing olefin metathesis to afford a molecular charm bracelet structure. This charm bracelet complex was characterized by (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and the catenated nature of the small rings was confirmed using two-dimensional diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Clark
- The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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29
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Domoto Y, Fukushima A, Kasuga Y, Sase S, Goto K, Kawashima T. Catalyst-Free Syntheses of [2]Rotaxanes Utilizing a Pentacoordinated Hydrosilane as an End-Capping Agent. Org Lett 2010; 12:2586-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol100786a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Domoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akihiro Fukushima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yousuke Kasuga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shohei Sase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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30
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Iwamoto H, Yawata Y, Fukazawa Y, Haino T. Tether-assisted Synthesis of [3]Rotaxane by Olefin Metathesis. CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2010.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Clark PG, Day MW, Grubbs RH. Switching and extension of a [c2]daisy-chain dimer polymer. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:13631-3. [PMID: 19728719 DOI: 10.1021/ja905924u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a [c2]daisy-chain dimer via ruthenium-catalyzed ring-closing olefin metathesis. Confirmation of the interlocked nature of the structure was achieved through single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The dimer could be readily switched from the bound to the unbound conformation by treatment with 3.0 equiv of KOH and subsequently reprotonated by treatment with 3.0 equiv of HPF(6). Azide functionalization of the dimer enabled incorporation in linear step-growth polymer chains using the alkyne-azide "click" reaction. Gel permeation chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering analysis showed the polymers contained 22 dimers and had a radius of gyration of 14.8 nm. Acylation of the amines of the dimers sterically forced elongation of the interlocked units, and MALLS analysis of the polymer showed a 48% increase in the R(g) (21.4 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Clark
- The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Li S, Liu M, Zheng B, Zhu K, Wang F, Li N, Zhao XL, Huang F. Taco Complex Templated Syntheses of a Cryptand/Paraquat [2]Rotaxane and a [2]Catenane by Olefin Metathesis. Org Lett 2009; 11:3350-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9012052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Kelong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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Tokunaga Y, Akasaka K, Hashimoto N, Yamanaka S, Hisada K, Shimomura Y, Kakuchi S. Using Photoresponsive End-Closing and End-Opening Reactions for the Synthesis and Disassembly of [2]Rotaxanes: Implications for Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. J Org Chem 2009; 74:2374-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8025143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Tokunaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan, and Department of Fiber Amenity Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Koichiro Akasaka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan, and Department of Fiber Amenity Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Nobuharu Hashimoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan, and Department of Fiber Amenity Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Shou Yamanaka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan, and Department of Fiber Amenity Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Hisada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan, and Department of Fiber Amenity Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Youji Shimomura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan, and Department of Fiber Amenity Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Suzuka Kakuchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan, and Department of Fiber Amenity Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
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34
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Mullen KM, Gunter MJ. Toward Multistation Rotaxanes Using Metalloporphyrin Coordination Templating. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3336-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800276w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Mullen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Maxwell J. Gunter
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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35
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Yamabuki K, Isobe Y, Onimura K, Oishi T. Pseudorotaxane-coupled Gel: A New Concept of Interlocked Gel Synthesis by Using Metathesis Reaction. Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.pj2007165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Suzaki Y, Taira T, Osakada K, Horie M. Rotaxanes and pseudorotaxanes with Fe-, Pd- and Pt-containing axles. Molecular motion in the solid state and aggregation in solution. Dalton Trans 2008:4823-33. [DOI: 10.1039/b804125c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Dahms K, Senge MO, Bakar MB. Exploration ofmeso-Substituted Formylporphyrins and Their Grignard and Wittig Reactions. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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38
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Using ruthenium-catalysed propargylic substitutions for the efficient syntheses of rotaxanes. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.05.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell J. Gunter
- a Chemistry, School of Biological, Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, University of New England , Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Zulkifli Merican
- a Chemistry, School of Biological, Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, University of New England , Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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40
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Suzaki Y, Osakada K. Ferrocene-containing [2]- and [3]rotaxanes. Preparation via an end-capping cross-metathesis reaction and electrochemical properties. Dalton Trans 2007:2376-83. [PMID: 17844659 DOI: 10.1039/b702785k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cross-metathesis reactions of terminal olefins with acrylic esters catalyzed by a Ru-carbene complex ((H2IMes)(PCy3)Cl2Ru = CHPh, H2IMes = N,N-bis(mesityl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene) were applied to the end-capping of [2]pseudorotaxanes composed of dibenzo[24]crown-8 (DB24C8) and ferrocenylmethylammonium derivatives as the macrocyclic and axle components. A [3]rotaxane consisting of two DB24C8s and an axle molecule having ferrocenyl groups at both ends was obtained from the cross-metathesis reaction of two [2]pseudorotaxanes with Fe(C5H4CH2OCOCH = CH2)2. Cyclic voltammograms of the ferrocene-containing rotaxanes show reversible redox reactions whose potentials vary depending on the presence or absence of cationic dialkylammonium groups in the vicinity of the ferrocene units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Suzaki
- Chemical Resources Laboratory R1-3, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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41
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Coumans RGE, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM, Rowan AE. Processive enzyme mimic: Kinetics and thermodynamics of the threading and sliding process. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:19647-51. [PMID: 17172453 PMCID: PMC1750920 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0603036103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics and thermodynamics of the threading and dethreading process of polymers through the cavity of a synthetic toroidal host is investigated by studying its complexation with a series of end-functionalized polymers of different lengths containing an end group that is selectively recognized by the host. The system is designed in such a way that complexation is only observed if the host has traveled all of the way across the complete polymer. Detailed kinetic investigations using fluorescence spectroscopy have revealed that the barrier for this process is length dependent and most likely related to the stretching of the polymer. Moreover, the results indicate that our previously reported processive enzyme mimic most likely operates by randomly sliding along its macromolecular substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud G. E. Coumans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. A. W. Elemans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland J. M. Nolte
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- *To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - Alan E. Rowan
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- *To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
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42
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Guo YC, Mele G, Martina F, Margapoti E, Vasapollo G, Xiao WJ. An efficient route to biscardanol derivatives and cardanol-based porphyrins via olefin metathesis. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Lukin O, Vögtle F. Knotting and threading of molecules: chemistry and chirality of molecular knots and their assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:1456-77. [PMID: 15704147 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200460312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
How and why do molecules tangle or thread? Investigations of molecular knots (knotanes) may shed some light on the mechanisms of (supra)molecular templation and the folding of molecules that result in intertwining. The topological chirality of these fascinating molecules leads to new types of isomerism and paves the way to nanosized molecular motors. Their preparation and derivatization makes high demands on modern synthetic methods and analytical separation since molecular knots are formed in a more or less planned design based on metal coordination or hydrogen-bonding patterns. This Review describes the development of templation techniques for the synthesis of knotanes and their chiral resolution as well as their selective functionalization and use as building blocks in the synthesis of higher knotane assemblies. Such assemblies can possess linear, branched, or even macrocyclic structures which, on the one hand, introduce unprecedented isomeric compositions that arise from multiple topological stereogenic units and, on the other, define new types of artificial macromolecules beyond polymers and dendritic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Lukin
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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44
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[5]Rotaxane and [5]Pseudorotaxane Based on Cucurbit[6]uril and Anchored to a Meso-tetraphenyl Porphyrin. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-006-9112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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45
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Sambrook MR, Beer PD, Lankshear MD, Ludlow RF, Wisner JA. Anion-templated assembly of [2]rotaxanes. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:1529-38. [PMID: 16604221 DOI: 10.1039/b518178j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anion templation is used to develop a general method for rotaxane synthesis. The anion-templated synthesis of three new [2]rotaxanes containing positively charged pyridinium axles and neutral isophthalamide macrocyclic components is described. The incorporation of electron withdrawing substituents, such as the nitro group, into the 5-position of an isophthalamide bis-vinyl acyclic precursor results in a significant improvement in [2]rotaxane assembly yields. Rotaxane anion binding strengths are also enhanced whilst the rotaxane's unique interlocked binding domain ensures selectivity for chloride--the templating anion--is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Sambrook
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK OX1 3QR
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46
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Collin JP, Heitz V, Bonnet S, Sauvage JP. Transition metal-complexed catenanes and rotaxanes in motion: Towards molecular machines. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2005.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Collin JP, Sauvage JP. Transition Metal-complexed Catenanes and Rotaxanes as Light-driven Molecular Machines Prototypes. CHEM LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2005.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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48
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: annual survey covering the year 2003. Coord Chem Rev 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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49
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Lukin O, Vögtle F. Verknoten und Durchfädeln von Molekülen: Chemie und Chiralität molekularer Knoten und ihrer Ensembles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200460312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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50
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Jeppesen J, Nygaard S, Vignon S, Stoddart J. Honing Up a Genre of Amphiphilic Bistable [2]Rotaxanes for Device Settings. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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