1
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Bruekers JPJ, Hellinghuizen MA, Swartjes A, Tinnemans P, White PB, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM. 113
Cd as a Probe in NMR Studies of Allosteric Host‐Guest‐Ligand Complexes of Porphyrin Cage Compounds. European J Org Chem 2022; 2022:e202200111. [PMID: 35915641 PMCID: PMC9324901 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium porphyrin cage compounds Cd1 and 113Cd1 have been synthesized from the free base porphyrin cage derivative H21 and Cd(OAc)2 ⋅ 2 H2O or 113Cd(OAc)2 ⋅ 2 H2O, respectively. The compounds form allosteric complexes with the positively charged guests N,N′‐dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (DMI) and N,N′‐dimethylviologen dihexafluorophosphate (Me2V), which bind in the cavity of the cage, and tbupy, which coordinates as an axial ligand to the outside of the cage. In the presence of tbupy, the binding of DMI in Cd1 is enhanced by a factor of ∼31, while the presence of DMI or Me2V in the cavity of Cd1 enhances the binding of tbupy by factors of 55 and 85, respectively. The X‐ray structures of the coordination complexes of Cd1 with acetone, acetonitrile, and pyridine, the host‐guest complex of Cd1 with a bound viologen guest, and the ternary allosteric complex of Cd1 with a bound DMI guest and a coordinated tbupy ligand, were solved. These structures revealed relocations of the cadmium center in and out of the porphyrin plane, depending on whether a guest or a ligand is present. 113Cd NMR could be employed as a tool to quantify the binding of guests and ligands to 113Cd1. 1D EXSY experiments on the ternary allosteric system Cd1‐tbupy‐Me2V revealed that the coordination of tbupy significantly slowed down the dissociation of the Me2V guest. Eyring plots of the dissociation process revealed that this kinetic allosteric effect is entropic in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen P. J. Bruekers
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs A. Hellinghuizen
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Anne Swartjes
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Paul Tinnemans
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Paul B. White
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. A. W. Elemans
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Roeland J. M. Nolte
- Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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2
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Nakabayashi K, Kishimoto K, Kobayashi K. Doubly Cavitand‐Capped Zn‐Porphyrin Capsule with Simultaneous Encapsulation of Guest and Ligand, and Its Application to Doubly Cavitand‐Capped Double‐Decker Zn‐Porphyrin Capsule. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kakeru Nakabayashi
- Department of Optoelectronics and Nanostructure Science Graduate School of Science and Technology Shizuoka University 836 Ohya 422-8529 Suruga-ku Shizuoka Japan
| | - Kazuki Kishimoto
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Shizuoka University 836 Ohya 422-8529 Suruga-ku Shizuoka Japan
| | - Kenji Kobayashi
- Department of Optoelectronics and Nanostructure Science Graduate School of Science and Technology Shizuoka University 836 Ohya 422-8529 Suruga-ku Shizuoka Japan
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Shizuoka University 836 Ohya 422-8529 Suruga-ku Shizuoka Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology Shizuoka University 836 Ohya 422-8529 Suruga-ku Shizuoka Japan
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3
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Ubasart E, Borodin O, Fuertes-Espinosa C, Xu Y, García-Simón C, Gómez L, Juanhuix J, Gándara F, Imaz I, Maspoch D, von Delius M, Ribas X. A three-shell supramolecular complex enables the symmetry-mismatched chemo- and regioselective bis-functionalization of C 60. Nat Chem 2021; 13:420-427. [PMID: 33859394 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular Russian dolls (matryoshkas) have proven useful for testing the limits of preparative supramolecular chemistry but applications of these architectures to problems in other fields are elusive. Here we report a three-shell, matryoshka-like complex-in which C60 sits inside a cycloparaphenylene nanohoop, which in turn is encapsulated inside a self-assembled nanocapsule-that can be used to address a long-standing challenge in fullerene chemistry, namely the selective formation of a particular fullerene bis-adduct. Spectroscopic evidence indicates that the ternary complex is sufficiently stable in solution for the two outer shells to affect the addition chemistry of the fullerene guest. When the complex is subjected to Bingel cyclopropanation conditions, the exclusive formation of a single trans-3 fullerene bis-adduct was observed in a reaction that typically yields more than a dozen products. The selectivity facilitated by this matryoshka-like approach appears to be a general phenomenon and could be useful for applications where regioisomerically pure C60 bis-adducts have been shown to have superior properties compared with isomer mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Ubasart
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Oleg Borodin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carles Fuertes-Espinosa
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Youzhi Xu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cristina García-Simón
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Laura Gómez
- Serveis Tècnics de Recerca, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Felipe Gándara
- Materials Science Institute of Madrid, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inhar Imaz
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Xavi Ribas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
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4
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Akine S. Control of guest binding behavior of metal-containing host molecules by ligand exchange. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4429-4444. [PMID: 33877165 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the control of guest binding behavior of metal-containing host molecules that is driven by ligand exchange reactions at the metal centers. Recently, a vast number of metal-containing host molecules including metal-assisted self-assembled structures have been developed, and the structural transformation after construction of the host framework has now been of interest from the viewpoint of functional switching and tuning. Among the various kinds of chemical transformations, ligand exchange has a great advantage in the structural conversions of metal-containing hosts, because ligand exchange usually proceeds under mild conditions that do not affect the host framework. In this review, the structural transformations are classified into three types: (1) weak-link approach, (2) subcomponent substitution, and (3) post-metalation modification, according to the type of coordination motif. The control of their guest binding behavior by the structural transformations is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehisa Akine
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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5
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Bruekers JPJ, Hellinghuizen MA, Vanthuyne N, Tinnemans P, Gilissen PJ, Buma WJ, Naubron J, Crassous J, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM. Allosteric Guest Binding in Chiral Zirconium(IV) Double Decker Porphyrin Cages. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:607-617. [PMID: 33679232 PMCID: PMC7898692 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chiral zirconium(IV) double cage sandwich complex Zr(1)2 has been synthesized in one step from porphyrin cage H21. Zr(1)2 was obtained as a racemate, which was resolved by HPLC and the enantiomers were isolated in >99.5 % ee. Their absolute configurations were assigned on the basis of X-ray crystallography and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) experiments on the enantiomers of Zr(1)2 revealed that the chirality around the zirconium center is propagated throughout the whole cage structure. The axial conformational chirality of the double cage complex displayed a VCD fingerprint similar to the one observed previously for a related chiral cage compound with planar and point chirality. Zr(1)2 shows fluorescence, which is quenched when viologen guests bind in its cavities. The binding of viologen and dihydroxybenzene derivatives in the two cavities of Zr(1)2 occurs with negative allostery, the cooperativity factors α (=4 K2/K1) being as low as 0.0076 for the binding of N,N'-dimethylviologen. These allosteric effects are attributed to a pinching of the second cavity as a result of guest binding in the first cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen P. J. Bruekers
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Matthijs A. Hellinghuizen
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Tinnemans
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Gilissen
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- University of AmsterdamVan ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesScience Park 9041098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryToernooiveld 7c6525EDNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ RennesCNRSInstitut des Sciences Chimiques de RennesISCR-UMR 622635000RennesFrance
| | - Johannes A. A. W. Elemans
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Roeland J. M. Nolte
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
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6
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Stout K, Peters TPJ, Mabesoone MFJ, Visschers FLL, Meijer EM, Klop J, van den Berg J, White PB, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM, Elemans JAAW. Double Porphyrin Cage Compounds. European J Org Chem 2020; 2020:7087-7100. [PMID: 33380897 PMCID: PMC7756431 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of double porphyrin cage compounds are described. They consist of two porphyrins that are each attached to a diphenylglycoluril-based clip molecule via four ethyleneoxy spacers, and are linked together by a single alkyl chain using "click"-chemistry. Following a newly developed multistep synthesis procedure we report three of these double porphyrin cages, linked by spacers of different lengths, i.e. 3, 5, and 11 carbon atoms. The structures of the double porphyrin cages were fully characterized by NMR, which revealed that they consist of mixtures of two diastereoisomers. Their zinc derivatives are capable of forming sandwich-like complexes with the ditopic ligand 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (dabco).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Stout
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Theo P. J. Peters
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Mathijs F. J. Mabesoone
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Fabian L. L. Visschers
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Eline M. Meijer
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Joëlle‐Rose Klop
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van den Berg
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Paul B. White
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Alan E. Rowan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Corner College and Cooper Rds (Bldg 75)The University of Queensland4072Brisbane QldAustralia
| | - Roeland J. M. Nolte
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. A. W. Elemans
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525AJ NijmegenThe Netherlands
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7
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Cooperative Binding and Stepwise Encapsulation of Drug Molecules by Sulfonylcalixarene-Based Metal-Organic Supercontainers. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112656. [PMID: 32521606 PMCID: PMC7321066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cooperative binding behavior of a face-directed octahedral metal-organic supercontainer featuring one endo cavity and six exo cavities was thoroughly examined in chloroform solution through ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) titration technique using two representative drug molecules as the guests. The titration curves and their nonlinear fit to Hill equation strongly suggest the efficient encapsulation of the guest molecules by the synthetic host, which exhibit interesting cooperative and stepwise binding behavior. Based on the control experiments using tetranuclear complex as a reference, it is clear that two equivalents of the guest molecules are initially encapsulated inside the endo cavity, followed by the trapping of six additional equivalents of the drug molecules through six exo cavities (1 eq. per exo cavity), and the remaining guests are entrapped by the external pockets. The results provide an in-depth understanding of the cooperative binding behavior of metal-organic supercontainers, which opens up new opportunities for designing synthetic receptors for truly biomimetic functional applications.
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8
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Ferrero S, Barbero H, Miguel D, García-Rodríguez R, Álvarez CM. Octapodal Corannulene Porphyrin-Based Assemblies: Allosteric Behavior in Fullerene Hosting. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4918-4926. [PMID: 32153183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An octapodal corannulene-based supramolecular system has been prepared by introducing eight corannulene moieties in a porphyrin scaffold. Despite the potential of this double picket fence porphyrin for double-tweezer behavior, NMR titrations show exclusive formation of 1:1 adducts. The system exhibits very strong affinity for C60 and C70 (K1 = (2.71 ± 0.08) × 104 and (2.13 ± 0.1) × 105 M-1, respectively), presenting selectivity for the latter. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that, in addition to the four corannulene units, the relatively flexible porphyrin tether actively participates in the recognition process, resulting in a strong synergistic effect. This leads to a very strong interaction with C60, which in turn also induces a large structural change on the other face (second potential binding site), leading to a negative allosteric effect. We also introduced Zn2+ in the porphyrin core in an attempt to modulate its flexibility. The resulting metalloporphyrin also displayed single-tweezer behavior, albeit with slightly smaller binding constants for C60 and C70, suggesting that the effect of the coordination of fullerene to one face of our supramolecular platform was still transmitted to the other face, leading to the deactivation of the second potential binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ferrero
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Héctor Barbero
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Daniel Miguel
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl García-Rodríguez
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Celedonio M Álvarez
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
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9
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Prigorchenko E, Ustrnul L, Borovkov V, Aav R. Heterocomponent ternary supramolecular complexes of porphyrins: A review. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461930026x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrins are prominent host molecules which are widely used due to their structural characteristics and directional interaction sites. This review summarizes non-covalently bound ternary complexes of porphyrins, constructed from at least three non-identical species. Progress in supramolecular chemistry allows the creation of complex molecular machinery tools, such as rotors, motors and switches from relatively simple structures in a single self-assembly step. In the current review, we highlight the collection of sophisticated molecular ensembles including sandwich-type complexes, cages, capsules, tweezers, rotaxanes, and supramolecular architectures mediating oxygen-binding and oxidation reactions. These diverse structures have high potential to be applied in sensing, production of new smart materials as well as in medical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Prigorchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Lukas Ustrnul
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Victor Borovkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, 182 Minzu Road, Hongshan, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
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10
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Smith JB, Camp AM, Farquhar AH, Kerr SH, Chen CH, Miller AJM. Organometallic Elaboration as a Strategy for Tuning the Supramolecular Characteristics of Aza-Crown Ethers. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Andrew M. Camp
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Alexandra H. Farquhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Stewart H. Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Alexander J. M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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11
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Jongkind LJ, Elemans JAAW, Reek JNH. Cofactor Controlled Encapsulation of a Rhodium Hydroformylation Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2696-2699. [PMID: 30624847 PMCID: PMC6563692 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular approaches in transition-metal catalysis, including catalyst encapsulation, have attracted considerable attention. Compared to enzymes, supramolecular catalysts in general are less complex. Enzyme activity is often controlled by the use of smaller cofactor molecules, which is important in order to control reactivity in complex mixtures of molecules. Interested in increasing complexity and allowing control over supramolecular catalyst formation in response to external stimuli, we designed a catalytic system that only forms an efficient supramolecular complex when a small cofactor molecule is added to the solution. This in turn affects both the activity and selectivity when applied in a hydroformylation reaction. This contribution shows that catalyst encapsulation can be controlled by the addition of a cofactor, which affects crucial catalyst properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J. Jongkind
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired CatalysisVan't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. A. W. Elemans
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and MaterialsHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired CatalysisVan't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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12
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Jongkind LJ, Elemans JAAW, Reek JNH. Cofactor Controlled Encapsulation of a Rhodium Hydroformylation Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J. Jongkind
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired CatalysisVan't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. A. W. Elemans
- Radboud UniversityInstitute for Molecules and Materials Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired CatalysisVan't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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13
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Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM. Porphyrin cage compounds based on glycoluril – from enzyme mimics to functional molecular machines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9590-9605. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04372a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This Feature Article gives an overview of the application of glycoluril-based porphyrin cage compounds in host–guest chemistry, allosterically controlled self-assembly, biomimetic catalysis, and polymer encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roeland J. M. Nolte
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
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14
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Lensen MC, Nolte RJM, Rowan AE, Pyckhout-Hintzen W, Feiters MC, Elemans JAAW. Self-assembly of porphyrin hexamers via bidentate metal-ligand coordination. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14277-14287. [PMID: 29881835 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01572d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The supramolecular assembly of metal-porphyrin hexamers with bidentate ligands in chloroform solutions is demonstrated by UV/Vis and 1H NMR-titrations, and Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) experiments. Titrations of zinc porphyrin hexamer Zn1 with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO) revealed that at a DABCO/Zn1 molar ratio of 3, intermolecular sandwich complexes are formed, which can be considered as "circular-shaped porphyrin ladders". These supramolecular complexes further aggregate into larger polymeric stacks, as a result of a combination of cooperativity effects, π-π stacking interactions, and chelate effects. The presence of rodlike assemblies in solution, formed by assembly of Zn1 and DABCO, is confirmed by SANS-experiments. Using a model for cylindrical assemblies, curve fitting calculations reveal that rods with an average length of 26 nm and a radius of 30-35 Å were formed, corresponding to columnar stacks of approximately 30 hexamer molecules. In contrast, the metal-free hexamer H21 did not form extended assemblies due to the absence of coordinative intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marga C Lensen
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Wang Y, Fang H, Tranca I, Qu H, Wang X, Markvoort AJ, Tian Z, Cao X. Elucidation of the origin of chiral amplification in discrete molecular polyhedra. Nat Commun 2018; 9:488. [PMID: 29402887 PMCID: PMC5799371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral amplification in molecular self-assembly has profound impact on the recognition and separation of chiroptical materials, biomolecules, and pharmaceuticals. An understanding of how to control this phenomenon is nonetheless restricted by the structural complexity in multicomponent self-assembling systems. Here, we create chiral octahedra incorporating a combination of chiral and achiral vertices and show that their discrete nature makes these octahedra an ideal platform for in-depth investigation of chiral transfer. Through the construction of dynamic combinatorial libraries, the unique possibility to separate and characterise each individual assembly type, density functional theory calculations, and a theoretical equilibrium model, we elucidate that a single chiral unit suffices to control all other units in an octahedron and how this local amplification combined with the distribution of distinct assembly types culminates in the observed overall chiral amplification in the system. Our combined experimental and theoretical strategy can be applied generally to quantify discrete multi-component self-assembling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hongxun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ionut Tranca
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Computational Biology Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xinchang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Albert J Markvoort
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Computational Biology Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Zhongqun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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16
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Hidalgo Ramos P, Saisaha P, Elemans JAAW, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. Conformational Analysis and Binding Properties of a Cavity Containing Porphyrin Catalyst Provided with Urea Functions. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Hidalgo Ramos
- Radboud University; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Pattama Saisaha
- Radboud University; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. A. W. Elemans
- Radboud University; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Alan E. Rowan
- Radboud University; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN); Corner College and Cooper Rds. (Bldg. 75); The University of Queensland; 4072 Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Roeland J. M. Nolte
- Radboud University; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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17
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Ahmed SA, Chatterjee A, Maity B, Seth D. Surfactants induced release of a red emitting dye from the nanocavity of a molecular container: A spectroscopic and calorimetric study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2016; 161:59-70. [PMID: 27208747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular interaction of a red emitting dye Nile blue A (NBA) with Cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) in aqueous solution was studied and the release of the dye from the hydrophobic cavity of CB7 was reported. To investigate the supramolecular host-guest complex formation and release of dye, we have used the steady state absorption, fluorescence and time resolved fluorescence emission spectroscopy, (1)H NMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The spectral properties of NBA were changed in the presence of CB7. The change in spectral features of NBA in presence of CB7 indicates the formation of supramolecular host-guest complexes. By using the SED equation the diameter of the complex was estimated. The complex formation further affirmed by the (1)H NMR study. Upfield and downfield shifts of the protons of NBA was observed in both the aliphatic and aromatic region. From the ITC measurement, we have drawn up the forces involved for the complexation of NBA with CB7. We have studied the release of NBA from the hydrophobic cavity of CB7 by using ionic, neutral surfactants and ionic liquid with the help of spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques. It is observed that on addition of SDS and ionic liquid (<cmc) ion-pair formation takes place between NBA and surfactant monomer whereas, it was not observed for neutral and cationic surfactant. Above cmc of the surfactants, complex is formed between NBA and micelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeed Ashique Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801103, Bihar, India
| | - Aninda Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801103, Bihar, India
| | - Banibrata Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801103, Bihar, India
| | - Debabrata Seth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801103, Bihar, India.
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18
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Howe EN, Ball GE, Thordarson P. Step-by-step DFT analysis of the cooperativity in the binding of cations and anions to a tetratopic ion-pairing host. Supramol Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2015.1088946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan N.W. Howe
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Graham E. Ball
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pall Thordarson
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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19
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Chen S, Yamasaki M, Polen S, Gallucci J, Hadad CM, Badjić JD. Dual-Cavity Basket Promotes Encapsulation in Water in an Allosteric Fashion. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12276-81. [PMID: 26348904 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigui Chen
- Department of Chemistry
and
Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Chemistry
and
Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shane Polen
- Department of Chemistry
and
Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Judith Gallucci
- Department of Chemistry
and
Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Christopher M. Hadad
- Department of Chemistry
and
Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jovica D. Badjić
- Department of Chemistry
and
Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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20
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Varghese S, Elemans JAAW, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. Molecular computing: paths to chemical Turing machines. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6050-6058. [PMID: 28717447 PMCID: PMC5504628 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02317c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this perspective, we highlight some of the recent advances in the development of molecular and biomolecular systems for performing logic operations and computing. We also present a blueprint of a chemical Turing machine using a processive catalytic approach.
To comply with the rapidly increasing demand of information storage and processing, new strategies for computing are needed. The idea of molecular computing, where basic computations occur through molecular, supramolecular, or biomolecular approaches, rather than electronically, has long captivated researchers. The prospects of using molecules and (bio)macromolecules for computing is not without precedent. Nature is replete with examples where the handling and storing of data occurs with high efficiencies, low energy costs, and high-density information encoding. The design and assembly of computers that function according to the universal approaches of computing, such as those in a Turing machine, might be realized in a chemical way in the future; this is both fascinating and extremely challenging. In this perspective, we highlight molecular and (bio)macromolecular systems that have been designed and synthesized so far with the objective of using them for computing purposes. We also present a blueprint of a molecular Turing machine, which is based on a catalytic device that glides along a polymer tape and, while moving, prints binary information on this tape in the form of oxygen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaji Varghese
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Johannes A A W Elemans
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Alan E Rowan
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Roeland J M Nolte
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands . ;
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21
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Thomassen PJ, Varghese S, Bijsterveld EJA, Thordarson P, Elemans JAAW, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. A Double-Cavity-Containing Porphyrin Host as a Highly Stable Epoxidation Catalyst. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Cantekin S, Markvoort AJ, Elemans JAAW, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. Allosterically Controlled Threading of Polymers through Macrocyclic Dimers. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3915-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seda Cantekin
- †Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J Markvoort
- ‡Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Computational Biology Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A A W Elemans
- †Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alan E Rowan
- †Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland J M Nolte
- †Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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23
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Wang F, Xu L, Nawaz MH, Liu F, Zhang W. Morphology controlled supramolecular assemblies via complexation between (5,10,15,20-tetrakisphenyl-porphine) zinc and 4,4′-bipyridine: from nanospheres to microrings. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10087e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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24
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Luo X, Guo Y, Ding F, Zhao H, Cui G, Li H, Wang C. Significant Improvements in CO2Capture by Pyridine-Containing Anion-Functionalized Ionic Liquids through Multiple-Site Cooperative Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Luo X, Guo Y, Ding F, Zhao H, Cui G, Li H, Wang C. Significant Improvements in CO2Capture by Pyridine-Containing Anion-Functionalized Ionic Liquids through Multiple-Site Cooperative Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7053-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Howe ENW, Bhadbhade M, Thordarson P. Cooperativity and Complexity in the Binding of Anions and Cations to a Tetratopic Ion-Pair Host. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7505-16. [DOI: 10.1021/ja503383e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan N. W. Howe
- School
of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mohan Bhadbhade
- Mark
Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Pall Thordarson
- School
of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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27
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Deutman ABC, Woltinge T, Smits JMM, De Gelder R, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM, Rowan AE. Thermodynamics and kinetics of guest-induced switching between "basket handle" porphyrin isomers. Molecules 2014; 19:5278-300. [PMID: 24762966 PMCID: PMC6271905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19045278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and switching properties of two “basket handle” porphyrin isomers is described. The cis-oriented meso-phenyl groups of these porphyrins are linked at their ortho-positons via benzocrown-ether-based spacers, which as a result of slow atropisomerization are located either on the same side of the porphyrin plane (cis), or on opposite sides (trans). In solution, the cis-linked isomer slowly isomerizes in the direction of the thermodynamically more stable trans-isomer. In the presence of viologen (N,N'-dialkyl-4,4'-bipyridinium) derivatives, which have different affinities for the two isomers, the isomerization equilibrium could be significantly influenced. In addition, the presence of these guests was found to enhance the rate of the switching process, which was suggested to be caused by favorable interactions between the positively charged guest and the crown ethers of the receptor, stabilizing the transition state energies of the isomerization reaction between the two isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B C Deutman
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Woltinge
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan M M Smits
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - René De Gelder
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A A W Elemans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland J M Nolte
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands.
| | - Alan E Rowan
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
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28
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Li S, Huang J, Zhou F, Cook TR, Yan X, Ye Y, Zhu B, Zheng B, Stang PJ. Self-Assembly of Triangular and Hexagonal Molecular Necklaces. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5908-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ja502490k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Li
- College
of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jianying Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- College
of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, P. R. China
| | - Fengyan Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Zaozhuang College, Zaozhuang 277160, P. R. China
| | - Timothy R. Cook
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yang Ye
- College
of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College
of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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29
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Coumans RGE, Elemans JAAW, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. Interlocked Porphyrin Switches. Chemistry 2013; 19:7758-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Schouwey C, Scopelliti R, Severin K. An Imine-Based Molecular Cage with Distinct Binding Sites for Small and Large Alkali Metal Cations. Chemistry 2013; 19:6274-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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31
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32
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Saha ML, De S, Pramanik S, Schmittel M. Orthogonality in discrete self-assembly – survey of current concepts. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:6860-909. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60098j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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33
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Yang J, Clegg JK, Jiang Q, Lui X, Yan H, Zhong W, Beves JE. Multi-pyridine decorated Fe(ii) and Ru(ii) complexes by Pd(0)-catalysed cross couplings: new building blocks for metallosupramolecular assemblies. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:15625-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52331d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Lowe AJ, Pfeffer FM, Thordarson P. Determining binding constants from 1H NMR titration data using global and local methods: a case study using [n]polynorbornane-based anion hosts. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2012.688972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Lowe
- a School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Biotechnology, Chemistry and Systems Biology, Deakin University , Waurn Ponds , 3217 , Australia
| | - Frederick M. Pfeffer
- a School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Biotechnology, Chemistry and Systems Biology, Deakin University , Waurn Ponds , 3217 , Australia
| | - Pall Thordarson
- b School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW , 2052 , Australia
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35
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36
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Dehn S, Tong KWK, Clady RGC, Owen DM, Gaus K, Schmidt TW, Braet F, Thordarson P. The structure and luminescence properties of europium(iii) triflate doped self-assembled pyromellitamide gels. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20085b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Lee CH, Yoon H, Kim P, Cho S, Kim D, Jang WD. An indolocarbazole-bridged macrocyclic porphyrin dimer having homotropic allosterism with inhibitory control. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:4246-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc00112d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Thordarson P. Determining association constants from titration experiments in supramolecular chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 40:1305-23. [PMID: 21125111 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00062k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1525] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The most common approach for quantifying interactions in supramolecular chemistry is a titration of the guest to solution of the host, noting the changes in some physical property through NMR, UV-Vis, fluorescence or other techniques. Despite the apparent simplicity of this approach, there are several issues that need to be carefully addressed to ensure that the final results are reliable. This includes the use of non-linear rather than linear regression methods, careful choice of stoichiometric binding model, the choice of method (e.g., NMR vs. UV-Vis) and concentration of host, the application of advanced data analysis methods such as global analysis and finally the estimation of uncertainties and confidence intervals for the results obtained. This tutorial review will give a systematic overview of all these issues-highlighting some of the key messages herein with simulated data analysis examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pall Thordarson
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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39
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Monnereau C, Rebilly JN, Reinaud O. Synthesis and First Studies of the Host-Guest and Substrate Recognition Properties of a Porphyrin-Tethered Calix[6]arene Ditopic Ligand. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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40
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Wiester MJ, Braunschweig AB, Mirkin CA. Solvent and temperature induced switching between structural isomers of Rh(I) phosphinoalkyl thioether (PS) complexes. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:7188-96. [PMID: 20617809 PMCID: PMC2989680 DOI: 10.1021/ic101021t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To develop functional systems based on the weak-link approach (WLA), it is important to understand how solvent and ligand binding strength alter the coordination geometry of complexes formed from this method. A series of phosphinoalkyl thioether (PS) hemilabile ligands with varying electron donating abilities were synthesized and incorporated into homoligated Rh(I)(PS)2Cl complexes to help understand the effects of solvent and ligand binding strength on the preferred coordination modes. The switching between closed and semiopen structural isomers of these Rh(I)(PS)2Cl complexes was studied by variable temperature 31P NMR spectroscopy in different solvent mixtures of CH2Cl2 and tetrahydrofuran (THF) to obtain thermodynamic parameters (DeltaG(o), DeltaH(o), TDeltaS(o), and K(eq)). The isomers differ in the position of the chloride counterion. In the closed isomer, the Cl- anion occupies the outer coordination sphere, while in the semiopen isomer, the Cl- has moved inner sphere and displaced one of the Rh-S bonds. The closed isomer is favored in CH2Cl2 and the semiopen isomer is favored in THF. The preference for either isomer at equilibrium depends on the solvent polarity, based upon the E(T)(N) solvent polarity scale, as was determined from 15 different solvents, with more polar solvents favoring the closed isomer. The isomer preference also depends on the electron donating ability of the group attached to the sulfur of the PS ligand, with electron donating groups favoring the closed isomers and electron withdrawing groups favoring the semiopen isomers. The formation of the semiopen isomer from the closed isomer is entropically favored but enthalpically disfavored under all conditions studied. Elucidation of the principles and environments that determine the equilibrium between the two isomers will aid in the design of functional complexes prepared by the WLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Wiester
- Department of Chemistry and the International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Adam B. Braunschweig
- Department of Chemistry and the International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and the International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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Lee CH, Yoon H, Jang WD. Biindole-Bridged Porphyrin Dimer as Allosteric Molecular Tweezers. Chemistry 2009; 15:9972-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Molecular recognition and self-assembly special feature: Squaring cooperative binding circles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:10471-6. [PMID: 19470643 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0810145106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cooperative binding effects of viologens and pyridines to a synthetic bivalent porphyrin receptor are used as a model system to study how the magnitudes of these effects relate to the experimentally obtained values. The full thermodynamic and kinetic circles concerning both activation and inhibition of the cage of the receptor for the binding of viologens were measured and evaluated. The results strongly emphasize the apparent character of measured binding and rate constants, in which the fractional saturation of receptors with other guests is linearly expressed in these constants. The presented method can be used as a simple tool to better analyze and comprehend the experimentally observed kinetics and thermodynamics of natural and artificial cooperative systems.
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Visser J, Katsonis N, Vicario J, Feringa BL. Two-dimensional molecular patterning by surface-enhanced Zn-porphyrin coordination. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:5980-5985. [PMID: 19341279 DOI: 10.1021/la804196r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we show how zinc-5,10,15,20-meso-tetradodecylporphyrins (Zn-TDPs) self-assemble into stable organized arrays on the surface of graphite, thus positioning their metal center at regular distances from each other, creating a molecular pattern, while retaining the possibility to coordinate additional ligands. We also demonstrate that Zn-TDPs coordinated to 3-nitropyridine display a higher tendency to be adsorbed at the surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) than noncoordinated ones. In order to investigate the two-dimensional (2D) self-assembly of coordinated Zn-TDPs, solutions with different relative concentrations of 3-nitropyridine and Zn-TDP were prepared and deposited on the surface of HOPG. STM measurements at the liquid-solid interface reveal that the ratio of coordinated Zn-TDPs over noncoordinated Zn-TDPs is higher at the n-tetradecane/HOPG interface than in n-tetradecane solution. This enhanced binding of the axial ligand at the liquid/solid interface is likely related to the fact that physisorbed Zn-TDPs are better binding sites for nitropyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Visser
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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44
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45
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Chen CY, Lin TP, Chen CK, Lin SC, Tseng MC, Wen YS, Sun SS. New Chromogenic and Fluorescent Probes for Anion Detection: Formation of a [2 + 2] Supramolecular Complex on Addition of Fluoride with Positive Homotropic Cooperativity. J Org Chem 2008; 73:900-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jo7019916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 115 Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, National Central University, 320 Chungli, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Pin Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 115 Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, National Central University, 320 Chungli, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chine-Kun Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 115 Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, National Central University, 320 Chungli, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Su-Ching Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 115 Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, National Central University, 320 Chungli, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mei-Chun Tseng
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 115 Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, National Central University, 320 Chungli, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuh-Sheng Wen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 115 Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, National Central University, 320 Chungli, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 115 Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, National Central University, 320 Chungli, Taiwan, Republic of China
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46
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Zhou J, Bian GQ, Zhang Y, Zhu QY, Li CY, Dai J. One-Dimensional Indium Sulfides with Transition Metal Complexes of Polyamines. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:6347-52. [PMID: 17622136 DOI: 10.1021/ic070334q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Three new indium sulfides, [Ni(dien)2]0.5[InS2] (dien = diethylenetriamine) (1), [Ni(dap)3]0.5[InS2] (dap = 1,2-diaminopropane) (2), and [Ni(tepa)]2[In4S7(SH)2].H2O (tepa = tetraethylenepentamine) (3), have been prepared under solvothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1 and 2 consist of discrete 1-D {[InS2]-} infinity chains with complex cations as charge-compensating ions, while compound 3 consists of a novel 1-D anionic chain constructed from arachno-shaped In4S11 clusters. The sulfide chain of 3 coordinates into the complex cations via the nonterminal S atoms of the polymeric anion, forming a covalently linked organic-inorganic hybrid compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou University, Suzhou, PR China
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47
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Ramos PH, Coumans RGE, Deutman ABC, Smits JMM, de Gelder R, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM, Rowan AE. Processive Rotaxane Systems. Studies on the Mechanism and Control of the Threading Process. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:5699-702. [PMID: 17417843 DOI: 10.1021/ja068714i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The threading behavior of a zinc analogue of a previously reported processive manganese porphyrin catalyst onto a series of polymers of different lengths is reported. It is demonstrated that the speed of the threading process is determined by the opening of the cavity of the toroidal porphyrin host, which can be tuned with the help of axial ligands that coordinate to the metal center in the porphyrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Hidalgo Ramos
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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48
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Wakabayashi R, Kaneko K, Takeuchi M, Shinkai S. Toward the alignment of conjugated polymers into anisotropically-ordered structure. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b701068k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Coumans RGE, Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM, Rowan AE. Processive enzyme mimic: Kinetics and thermodynamics of the threading and sliding process. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:19647-51. [PMID: 17172453 PMCID: PMC1750920 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0603036103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics and thermodynamics of the threading and dethreading process of polymers through the cavity of a synthetic toroidal host is investigated by studying its complexation with a series of end-functionalized polymers of different lengths containing an end group that is selectively recognized by the host. The system is designed in such a way that complexation is only observed if the host has traveled all of the way across the complete polymer. Detailed kinetic investigations using fluorescence spectroscopy have revealed that the barrier for this process is length dependent and most likely related to the stretching of the polymer. Moreover, the results indicate that our previously reported processive enzyme mimic most likely operates by randomly sliding along its macromolecular substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud G. E. Coumans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A. A. W. Elemans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland J. M. Nolte
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- *To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - Alan E. Rowan
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- *To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
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50
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Zheng N, Lu H, Bu X, Feng P. Metal-Chelate Dye-Controlled Organization of Cd32S14(SPh)404-Nanoclusters into Three-Dimensional Molecular and Covalent Open Architecture. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:4528-9. [PMID: 16594662 DOI: 10.1021/ja060006+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chalcogenide II-VI nanoclusters are usually prepared as isolated clusters and have defied numerous efforts to join them into covalent open-framework architecture with conventional templating methods such as protonated amines or inorganic cations commonly used to direct the formation of porous frameworks. Herein, we report the first templated synthesis of II-VI covalent superlattices from large II-VI tetrahedral clusters (i.e., [Cd32S14(SPh)38]2-). Our method takes advantage of low charge density of metal-chelate dyes that is a unique match with three-dimensional II-VI semiconductor frameworks in charge density, surface hydrophilicity-hydrophobicity, and spatial organization. In addition, metal-chelate dyes also serve to tune the optical properties of resulting dye semiconductor composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanfeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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