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Agrahari AK, Bose P, Jaiswal MK, Rajkhowa S, Singh AS, Hotha S, Mishra N, Tiwari VK. Cu(I)-Catalyzed Click Chemistry in Glycoscience and Their Diverse Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7638-7956. [PMID: 34165284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between organic azides and terminal alkynes, commonly known as CuAAC or click chemistry, has been identified as one of the most successful, versatile, reliable, and modular strategies for the rapid and regioselective construction of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as diversely functionalized molecules. Carbohydrates, an integral part of living cells, have several fascinating features, including their structural diversity, biocompatibility, bioavailability, hydrophilicity, and superior ADME properties with minimal toxicity, which support increased demand to explore them as versatile scaffolds for easy access to diverse glycohybrids and well-defined glycoconjugates for complete chemical, biochemical, and pharmacological investigations. This review highlights the successful development of CuAAC or click chemistry in emerging areas of glycoscience, including the synthesis of triazole appended carbohydrate-containing molecular architectures (mainly glycohybrids, glycoconjugates, glycopolymers, glycopeptides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycoclusters, and glycodendrimers through regioselective triazole forming modular and bio-orthogonal coupling protocols). It discusses the widespread applications of these glycoproducts as enzyme inhibitors in drug discovery and development, sensing, gelation, chelation, glycosylation, and catalysis. This review also covers the impact of click chemistry and provides future perspectives on its role in various emerging disciplines of science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sanchayita Rajkhowa
- Department of Chemistry, Jorhat Institute of Science and Technology (JIST), Jorhat, Assam 785010, India
| | - Anoop S Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science and Engineering Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra 411021, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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Ma X, Zhang X, Xie G, Awad JM, Zhang W. One-pot diastereoselective synthesis of tetrahydroepimino-benzo[b]azocines through sequential [3+2]-cycloaddition and Staudinger-aza-Wittig reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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3
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Brinkø A, Risinger C, Lambert A, Blixt O, Grandjean C, Jensen HH. Combining Click Reactions for the One-Pot Synthesis of Modular Biomolecule Mimetics. Org Lett 2019; 21:7544-7548. [PMID: 31502847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report on the first combined one-pot use of the two so-called "click reactions": the thiol-ene coupling and the copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition. These reactions were employed in an alternating and one-pot fashion to combine appropriately functionalized monomeric carbohydrate building blocks to create mimics of trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides as single anomers, with only minimal purification necessary. The deprotected oligosaccharide mimics were found to bind both plant lectins and human galectin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Brinkø
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian Risinger
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology , University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40 , 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Annie Lambert
- Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP) , Université de Nantes , UMR CNRS 6286, 2, rue de la Houssinière , BP92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Ola Blixt
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology , University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40 , 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Cyrille Grandjean
- Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP) , Université de Nantes , UMR CNRS 6286, 2, rue de la Houssinière , BP92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Henrik H Jensen
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Synthesis and in vitro investigation of potential antiproliferative monosaccharide–d-secoestrone bioconjugates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1938-1942. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Tiwari VK, Mishra BB, Mishra KB, Mishra N, Singh AS, Chen X. Cu-Catalyzed Click Reaction in Carbohydrate Chemistry. Chem Rev 2016; 116:3086-240. [PMID: 26796328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC), popularly known as the "click reaction", serves as the most potent and highly dependable tool for facile construction of simple to complex architectures at the molecular level. Click-knitted threads of two exclusively different molecular entities have created some really interesting structures for more than 15 years with a broad spectrum of applicability, including in the fascinating fields of synthetic chemistry, medicinal science, biochemistry, pharmacology, material science, and catalysis. The unique properties of the carbohydrate moiety and the advantages of highly chemo- and regioselective click chemistry, such as mild reaction conditions, efficient performance with a wide range of solvents, and compatibility with different functionalities, together produce miraculous neoglycoconjugates and neoglycopolymers with various synthetic, biological, and pharmaceutical applications. In this review we highlight the successful advancement of Cu(I)-catalyzed click chemistry in glycoscience and its applications as well as future scope in different streams of applied sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Bhuwan B Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Kunj B Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Anoop S Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields Avenue, University of California-Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
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John F, Wittmann V. Orthogonally Protected Furanoid Sugar Diamino Acids for Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharide Mimetics. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7477-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franklin John
- Fachbereich
Chemie and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Sacred Heart College (M. G. University), Kochi 682013, India
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- Fachbereich
Chemie and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Pawar NJ, Sidhu NS, Sheldrick GM, Dhavale DD, Diederichsen U. Molecular architecture with carbohydrate functionalized β-peptides adopting 314-helical conformation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:948-55. [PMID: 24991244 PMCID: PMC4077383 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate recognition is essential in cellular interactions and biological processes. It is characterized by structural diversity, multivalency and cooperative effects. To evaluate carbohydrate interaction and recognition, the structurally defined attachment of sugar units to a rigid template is highly desired. β-Peptide helices offer conformationally stable templates for the linear presentation of sugar units in defined distances. The synthesis and β-peptide incorporation of sugar-β-amino acids are described providing the saccharide units as amino acid side chain. The respective sugar-β-amino acids are accessible by Michael addition of ammonia to sugar units derivatized as α,β-unsaturated esters. Three sugar units were incorporated in β-peptide oligomers varying the sugar (glucose, galactose, xylose) and sugar protecting groups. The influence of sugar units and the configuration of sugar-β-amino acids on β-peptide secondary structure were investigated by CD spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin J Pawar
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August University Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Garware Research Centre, University of Pune, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Navdeep S Sidhu
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August University Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - George M Sheldrick
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August University Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dilip D Dhavale
- Department of Chemistry, Garware Research Centre, University of Pune, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Ulf Diederichsen
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August University Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Kiss L, Fülöp F. Synthesis of carbocyclic and heterocyclic β-aminocarboxylic acids. Chem Rev 2013; 114:1116-69. [PMID: 24299148 DOI: 10.1021/cr300454h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loránd Kiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged , H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, Hungary
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A compendium of cyclic sugar amino acids and their carbocyclic and heterocyclic nitrogen analogues. Amino Acids 2013; 45:613-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Manabe S, Yamaguchi M, Ito Y. Sulfonylcarbamate as a versatile and unique hydroxy-protecting group: a protecting group stable under severe conditions and labile under mild conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8332-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43968b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Vangala M, Dhokale SA, Gawade RL, Pattuparambil RR, Puranik VG, Dhavale DD. Sugar furanoid trans-vicinal diacid as a γ-turn inducer: synthesis and conformational study. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6874-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41462k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for the period 2005-2006. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1-100. [PMID: 20222147 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fourth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2006. The review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, method developments, and applications of the technique to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, glycolipids from bacteria, glycosides, and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing, a section on industrial processes, particularly the development of biopharmaceuticals and a section on the use of MALDI-MS to monitor products of chemical synthesis of carbohydrates. Large carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers are highlighted in this final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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Butler JD, Coffman KC, Ziebart KT, Toney MD, Kurth MJ. Orthogonally Protected Thiazole and Isoxazole Diamino Acids: An Efficient Synthetic Route. Chemistry 2010; 16:9002-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Butler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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15
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Zhang K, Schweizer F. Influence of glucose-templated proline mimetics on the β-turn conformation of the peptide fragment Ac-Leu-d-Phe-Pro-Val-NMe2 found in Gramicidin S. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1114-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jiménez Blanco JL, Ortega-Caballero F, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM. (Pseudo)amide-linked oligosaccharide mimetics: molecular recognition and supramolecular properties. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:20. [PMID: 20485602 PMCID: PMC2870983 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharides are currently recognised as having functions that influence the entire spectrum of cell activities. However, a distinct disadvantage of naturally occurring oligosaccharides is their metabolic instability in biological systems. Therefore, much effort has been spent in the past two decades on the development of feasible routes to carbohydrate mimetics which can compete with their O-glycosidic counterparts in cell surface adhesion, inhibit carbohydrate processing enzymes, and interfere in the biosynthesis of specific cell surface carbohydrates. Such oligosaccharide mimetics are potential therapeutic agents against HIV and other infections, against cancer, diabetes and other metabolic diseases. An efficient strategy to access this type of compounds is the replacement of the glycosidic linkage by amide or pseudoamide functions such as thiourea, urea and guanidine. In this review we summarise the advances over the last decade in the synthesis of oligosaccharide mimetics that possess amide and pseudoamide linkages, as well as studies focussing on their supramolecular and recognition properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Jiménez Blanco
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Prof. García González 1, Seville 41012, Spain.
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Al-Harrasi A, Pfrengle F, Prisyazhnyuk V, Yekta S, Koós P, Reissig HU. Enantiopure aminopyrans by a Lewis acid promoted rearrangement of 1,2-oxazines: versatile building blocks for oligosaccharide and sugar amino acid mimetics. Chemistry 2010; 15:11632-41. [PMID: 19780107 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Dioxolanyl-substituted 1,2-oxazines, such as syn-1 and anti-1, rearrange under Lewis acidic conditions to provide bicyclic products 2-5. Subsequent reductive transformations afforded enantiopure 3-aminopyran derivatives such as 7 and 9 or their protected diastereomers 16 and 18, which can be regarded as carbohydrate mimetics. An alternative sequence of transformations including selective oxidation of the primary hydroxyl groups in 21 and 24 led to two protected beta-amino acid derivatives with carbohydrate-like backbone (sugar amino acids). Treatment of bicyclic ester 23 with samarium diiodide cleaved the N--O bond and furnished the unusual beta-lactam 27 in excellent yield. Alternatively, gamma-amino acid derivative 29 was efficiently prepared in a few steps. Fairly simple transformations gave azides 32 and 35 or alkyne 30 which are suitable substrates for the construction of oligosaccharide mimetics such as 34 by copper iodide catalyzed cycloadditions. With this report we demonstrate that enantiopure rearrangement products 2-5 are protected precursors of a variety of polyfunctionalized pyran derivatives with great potential for chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin
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18
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Andreini M, Taillefumier C, Chrétien F, Thery V, Chapleur Y. Synthesis and Solution Conformation of Homo-β-peptides Consisting of N-Mannofuranosyl-3-ulosonic acids. J Org Chem 2009; 74:7651-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900966b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Andreini
- Groupe SUCRES, Nancy Université UMR 7565 Université Henri Poincaré, Nancy 1-CNRS, BP 70239, F-54506, Nancy-Vandoeuvre, France
| | - Claude Taillefumier
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire SEESIB (UMR 6504−CNRS), F-63177 Aubière cedex, France
| | - Françoise Chrétien
- Groupe SUCRES, Nancy Université UMR 7565 Université Henri Poincaré, Nancy 1-CNRS, BP 70239, F-54506, Nancy-Vandoeuvre, France
| | - Vincent Thery
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire SEESIB (UMR 6504−CNRS), F-63177 Aubière cedex, France
| | - Yves Chapleur
- Groupe SUCRES, Nancy Université UMR 7565 Université Henri Poincaré, Nancy 1-CNRS, BP 70239, F-54506, Nancy-Vandoeuvre, France
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Chittapragada M, Roberts S, Ham YW. Aminoglycosides: molecular insights on the recognition of RNA and aminoglycoside mimics. PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2009; 3:21-37. [PMID: 19812740 PMCID: PMC2754922 DOI: 10.4137/pmc.s2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
RNA is increasingly recognized for its significant functions in biological systems and has recently become an important molecular target for therapeutics development. Aminoglycosides, a large class of clinically significant antibiotics, exert their biological functions by binding to prokaryotic ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and interfering with protein translation, resulting in bacterial cell death. They are also known to bind to viral mRNAs such as HIV-1 RRE and TAR. Consequently, aminoglycosides are accepted as the single most important model in understanding the principles that govern small molecule-RNA recognition, which is essential for the development of novel antibacterial, antiviral or even anti-oncogenic agents. This review outlines the chemical structures and mechanisms of molecular recognition and antibacterial activity of aminoglycosides and various aminoglycoside mimics that have recently been devised to improve biological efficacy, binding affinity and selectivity, or to circumvent bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruthi Chittapragada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, U.S.A
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Pfrengle F, Lentz D, Reißig HU. Stereodivergente De-novo-Synthese verzweigter Aminozucker durch Lewis-Säure-induzierte Umlagerung von 1,2-Oxazinen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200805724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Worch M, Wittmann V. Unexpected formation of complex bridged tetrazoles via intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 1,2-O-cyanoalkylidene derivatives of 3-azido-3-deoxy-d-allose. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2118-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Rapid progress in the synthetic application of benzotriazole derivatives in the last 20 years has resulted in over 1000 scientific papers on the subject. This fact is reflected in Section 5.01.7, which involves almost a half of the volume of this chapter. The section is arranged according to hybridization of the C-α atom and atomic numbers of the atoms in positions β and γ to allow an easy access to the material of interest. Recent discovery of copper catalysis in [3+2] cycloadditions of azides to acetylenes, the so-called ‘click chemistry’, which boosted application of the 1,2,3-triazole derivatives, especially in medicinal chemistry, is presented in Section 5.01.9. From the point of view of practical applications, Section 5.01.11 is organized according to the number, position, and combination of the substituents at the aromatic rings. Another novel feature that has no precedence in the previous editions of Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry is an addition of triazole and benzotriazole complexes with various transitions metals to Section 5.01.4.
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23
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Risseeuw MD, Overhand M, Fleet GW, Simone MI. A compendium of sugar amino acids (SAA): scaffolds, peptide- and glyco-mimetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Jöge T, Jesberger M, Bröker P, Kirschning A. Synthetic access to spacer-linked 3,6-diamino-2,3,6-trideoxy-α-d-glucopyranosides—potential aminoglycoside mimics for the inhibition of the HIV-1 TAR-RNA/Tat-peptide complex. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:1704-14. [PMID: 17562328 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of spacer-linked neoaminoglycoside 5 is described. Key steps of the synthesis are the introduction of nitrogen functionalities at C-3 and C-6 and the olefin cross metathesis of allyl glycoside 16. Although it is known that Grubbs catalysts tolerate nitrogen functionalities, difficulties were encountered in the cross metathesis reaction. Factors that govern this dimerization are the steric and electronic demands of the catalyst and the substrate. Preliminary biological evaluation of homodimer 5, by studying the inhibition of HIV-1 TAR-RNA/Tat-peptide complex using a method based on fluorescence titration, revealed an inhibitory effect of 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jöge
- Institut für Organische Chemie Leibniz, Universität Hannover and Zentrum für Biomolekulare Wirkstoffe (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1B, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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Ironmonger A, Whittaker B, Baron AJ, Clique B, Adams CJ, Ashcroft AE, Stockley PG, Nelson A. Scanning conformational space with a library of stereo- and regiochemically diverse aminoglycoside derivatives: the discovery of new ligands for RNA hairpin sequences. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:1081-6. [PMID: 17377661 PMCID: PMC7612281 DOI: 10.1039/b618683a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A library of stereo- and regiochemically diverse aminoglycoside derivatives was screened at 1 microM using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) against RNA hairpin models of the bacterial A-site, and the HIV viral TAR and RRE sequences. In order to double the stereochemical diversity of the library, the compounds were screened against both enantiomers of each of these sequences. Remarkably, this initial screen suggested that the same four aminoglycoside derivatives bound most tightly to all three of the RNAs, suggesting that these compounds were good RNA binders which, nonetheless, discriminated poorly between the RNA sequences. The interactions between selected isomeric aminoglycoside derivatives and the RNA hairpins were then studied in more detail using an SPR assay. Three isomeric tight-binding aminoglycoside derivatives, which had been identified from the initial screen, were found to bind more tightly to the RNA hairpins (with K(D) values in the range 0.23 to 4.7 microM) than a fourth isomeric derivative (which had K(D) values in the range 6.0 to 30 microM). The magnitude of the tightest RNA-aminoglycoside interactions stemmed, in large part, from remarkably slow dissociation of the aminoglycosides from the RNA targets. The three tight-binding aminoglycoside derivatives were found, however, to discriminate rather poorly between alternative RNA sequences with, at best, around a twenty-fold difference in affinity for alternative RNA hairpin sequences. Within the aminoglycoside derivative library studied, high affinity for an RNA target was not accompanied by good discrimination between alternative RNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Ironmonger
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT
| | - Benjamin Whittaker
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT
| | - Andrew J. Baron
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT
| | - Blandine Clique
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT
| | - Chris J. Adams
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT
| | - Alison E. Ashcroft
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT
| | - Peter G. Stockley
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT
| | - Adam Nelson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT
- Corresponding author:
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Jayakanthan K, Vankar YD. Hybrid sugars as glycosidase inhibitors en route to 2-deoxy-2-amino C-glycosyl amino acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Compostella F, Ronchi S, Panza L, Mariotti S, Mori L, De Libero G, Ronchetti F. Synthesis of Sulfated Galactocerebrosides from an Orthogonal β-D-Galactosylceramide Scaffold for the Study of CD1–Antigen Interactions. Chemistry 2006; 12:5587-95. [PMID: 16637081 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CD1a protein binds sulfatide (3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosylceramide) to form an antigen complex that interacts with T cell receptors and activates T cells. To assess the role of the position of the sulfate in T cell activation, the synthesis of three beta-D-galactosylceramides, variously bearing a sulfate at position 2, 4, or 6 of galactose, has been planned and carried out. The compounds were synthesized by an orthogonal sulfation strategy from a common beta-D-galactosylceramide scaffold, which was in turn obtained through an efficient glycosylation reaction between a fully orthogonally protected galactosyl imidate and 3-O-benzoylazidosphingosine. Immunological evaluation of the three sulfated compounds in CD1a-mediated T cell activation, in comparison with natural sulfatide, provided evidence of the influence of the sulfate position in the recognition event between the antigen, the CD1 protein and the T cell receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Compostella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biochimica e Biotecnologie per la Medicina, Università di Milano, Via Saldini 50, 20133-Milan, Italy.
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Al-Harrasi A, Reissig HU. Synthesis of Enantiopure Carbohydrate Mimetics by Lewis Acid Catalyzed Rearrangement of 1,3-Dioxolanyl-Substituted 1,2-Oxazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:6227-31. [PMID: 16161174 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200501127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14 195 Berlin, Germany
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Al-Harrasi A, Reißig HU. Enantiomerenreine Kohlenhydratmimetika durch Lewis-Säure-induzierte Umlagerung von 1,3-dioxolanylsubstituierten 1,2-Oxazinen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200501127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Clique B, Ironmonger A, Whittaker B, Colley J, Titchmarsh J, Stockley P, Nelson A. Synthesis of a library of stereo- and regiochemically diverse aminoglycoside derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:2776-85. [PMID: 16032356 DOI: 10.1039/b505865a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A library of forty modified aminoglycosides was prepared in which the configuration and regiochemistry of two or three rings was widely varied. The library was based around three core ring systems: the 2-deoxystreptamine ring system found in the natural products, and both enantiomers of (1R*,2R*,4R*,5R*)-2,5-diamino-cyclohexane-1,4-diol and (1R*,3R*,4R*,6R*)-4,6-diaminocyclohexane-1,3-diol. In each case, the core was modified by glycosylation with one or two sugar rings. The absolute configuration of the sugar substituents (d or l), the configuration of the anomeric centres (alpha or beta), and the regiochemical arrangement of the amine(s) were varied.
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