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Fässler J, McCubbin JA, Roglans A, Kimachi T, Hollett JW, Kunz RW, Tinkl M, Zhang Y, Wang R, Campbell M, Snieckus V. Highly Enantioselective (−)-Sparteine-Mediated Lateral Metalation-Functionalization of Remote Silyl Protected ortho-Ethyl N,N-Dialkyl Aryl O-Carbamates. J Org Chem 2015; 80:3368-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502561m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürg Fässler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - J. Adam McCubbin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Anna Roglans
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Tetsutaro Kimachi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Joshua W. Hollett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Roland W. Kunz
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tinkl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yousheng Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ruiyao Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michael Campbell
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Victor Snieckus
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L
3N6, Canada
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2
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Reich HJ. Role of Organolithium Aggregates and Mixed Aggregates in Organolithium Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7130-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400187u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Reich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Yus M, González-Gómez JC, Foubelo F. Diastereoselective Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds and Imines: Application to the Synthesis of Natural Products. Chem Rev 2013; 113:5595-698. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400008h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Yus
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad
de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante,
Spain
| | - José C. González-Gómez
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad
de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante,
Spain
| | - Francisco Foubelo
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad
de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante,
Spain
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Gammon JJ, Gessner VH, Barker GR, Granander J, Whitwood AC, Strohmann C, O’Brien P, Kelly B. Synthesis of P-Stereogenic Compounds via Kinetic Deprotonation and Dynamic Thermodynamic Resolution of Phosphine Sulfides: Opposite Sense of Induction Using (−)-Sparteine. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:13922-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1060966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Gammon
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Greg R. Barker
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Johan Granander
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Adrian C. Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Peter O’Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brian Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
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5
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Coldham I, Raimbault S, Whittaker DTE, Chovatia PT, Leonori D, Patel JJ, Sheikh NS. Asymmetric substitutions of 2-lithiated N-boc-piperidine and N-Boc-azepine by dynamic resolution. Chemistry 2010; 16:4082-90. [PMID: 20175161 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Proton abstraction of N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-piperidine (N-Boc-piperidine) with sBuLi and TMEDA provides a racemic organolithium that can be resolved using a chiral ligand. The enantiomeric organolithiums can interconvert so that a dynamic resolution occurs. Two mechanisms for promoting enantioselectivity in the products are possible. Slow addition of an electrophile such as trimethylsilyl chloride allows dynamic resolution under kinetic control (DKR). This process occurs with high enantioselectivity and is successful by catalysis with substoichiometric chiral ligand (catalytic dynamic kinetic resolution). Alternatively, the two enantiomers of this organolithium can be resolved under thermodynamic control with good enantioselectivity (dynamic thermodynamic resolution, DTR). The best ligands found are based on chiral diamino-alkoxides. Using DTR, a variety of electrophiles can be used to provide an asymmetric synthesis of enantiomerically enriched 2-substituted piperidines, including (after Boc deprotection) the alkaloid (+)-beta-conhydrine. The chemistry was extended, albeit with lower yields, to the corresponding 2-substituted seven-membered azepine ring derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Coldham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK.
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Kizirian J. Mechanism and Stereochemical Features in Asymmetric Deprotonation Using RLi/(–)‐Sparteine Bases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/9783906390628.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Lee WK, Park YS, Beak P. Dynamic thermodynamic resolution: advantage by separation of equilibration and resolution. Acc Chem Res 2009; 42:224-34. [PMID: 19152329 DOI: 10.1021/ar8000662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the investigation of a chemical reaction, researchers typically survey variables such as time, temperature, and stoichiometry to optimize yields. This Account demonstrates how control of these variables, often in nontraditional ways, can provide significant improvements in enantiomeric ratios for asymmetric reactions. Dynamic thermodynamic resolution (DTR) offers a convenient method for the resolution of enantiomeric products in the course of a reaction. This process depends on an essential requirement: the equilibration of the penultimate diastereomers must be subject to external control. As a general case, the reaction of A(R), A(S) with B under the influence of the chiral species, L*, gives resolved products C(R) and C(S). In the first step of dynamic resolution under thermodynamic control, the enantiomeric reactants A(R) and A(S) and L* form the diastereomers A(R)/L* and A(S)/L*. The equilibrium between A(R) and A(S) can be rapid, slow, or not operative, and L* can represent a ligand, an auxiliary, or a crystallization process that provides a chiral environment. Second, the populations of the diastereomers are controlled, usually by thermal equilibration. Finally, the reaction of the diastereomers with a reagent B provides the enantiomeric products C(R) and C(S). The control of the diastereomeric equilibrium distinguishes DTR from other resolution techniques. By contrast, physical resolutions separate thermodynamically stable, nonequilibrating diastereomers, and dynamic kinetic resolutions utilize kinetic control for reactions of rapidly equilibrating diastereomers. The dynamic thermodynamic resolutions discussed in this Account illustrate cases of significantly improved enantioselectivities using this technique. Although many of the well-recognized cases come from organolithium chemistry, the principles are general, and we also present cases facilitated by other chemistries. This approach has been used to control enantioselectivities in a number of different reactions, with improvements in enantiomeric ratios up to 99% from essentially racemic reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Koo Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Programs of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea
| | - Yong Sun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Bio/Molecular Information Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Peter Beak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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9
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Lange H, Bergander K, Fröhlich R, Kehr S, Nakamura S, Shibata N, Toru T, Hoppe D. Highly enantioselective reactions of configurationally labile epimeric diamine complexes of lithiated S-benzyl thiocarbamates. Chem Asian J 2008; 3:88-101. [PMID: 18067115 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200700262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Substitution reactions that employ primary-carbamoyl-protected arylmethanethiols are described. The enantiodetermining step was found to occur in the post-deprotonation step as a dynamic thermodynamic resolution with a chiral bis(oxazoline) ligand. The configurationally labile lithium complexes were trapped with various electrophiles to yield different substitution products in good to excellent yields and enantiomeric excesses. The absolute configurations of the substitution products were determined, and the stereochemical pathway of the substitution reaction was elucidated for different classes of electrophiles. The temperature-dependent epimerization process was monitored by 1H and 6Li NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Lange
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität, Westpfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Michael
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, South Africa.
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11
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Asymmetric lithiation of 2-alkynyl aryl sulfides—Enantio- and diastereoselective formation of allenyl aryl sulfides and their application in nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Sonawane RP, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Fröhlich R, Bergander K, Hoppe D. Highly diastereoselective lithiation and substitution of an (S)-prolinyl thiocarbamate via sterically homogeneous lithio(thiocarbamate): synthesis of enantiomerically pure prolinethiols. Chemistry 2007; 13:6419-29. [PMID: 17503415 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Highly diastereoselective lithiation-substitution reactions of an (S)-proline derived S-alkyl thiocarbamate was accomplished. The configuration of the predominant alkyllithium species and the stereochemical course of the electrophilic substitution reactions are deduced by a combination of X-ray crystal structure analysis, NMR spectroscopic studies, deuteration/dedeuteration experiments, and quantum chemical calculations. The lithium intermediate (S,S)-9 was found to be kinetically and thermodynamically favoured, whereas (S,R)-9 rapidly epimerizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra P Sonawane
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Coldham I, Dufour S, Haxell TFN, Patel JJ, Sanchez-Jimenez G. Dynamic Thermodynamic and Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of 2-Lithiopyrrolidines. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:10943-51. [PMID: 16910691 DOI: 10.1021/ja061963m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic resolution has been studied as a method for the asymmetric synthesis of 2-substituted pyrrolidines. Highly enantioselective electrophilic substitutions of racemic 2-lithiopyrrolidines in the presence of a chiral ligand have been achieved. The organolithium compounds were prepared by tin-lithium exchange from the corresponding tributylstannanes and n-butyllithium or by deprotonation of N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine with sec-butyllithium. A range of N-substituents and chiral ligands were investigated for the dynamic resolution. Electrophilic quench of the resolved diastereomeric 2-lithiopyrrolidine-chiral ligand complexes provided the enantiomerically enriched 2-substituted pyrrolidines. With N-alkyl derivatives, the resolution occurs conveniently at (or just below) room temperature and either enantiomer of the product can be formed by appropriate choice of the chiral ligand. The asymmetric induction occurs as a result of a thermodynamic preference for one of the diastereomeric complexes. The minor complex was found to have a faster rate of reaction with the electrophile. The use of N-allylic derivatives provides a means to prepare the N-unsubstituted pyrrolidine products. Best results were obtained with the N-2,3-dimethylbut-2-enyl derivative, and this N-substituent could be cleaved using 1-chloroethyl chloroformate. With N-Boc-2-lithiopyrrolidine, the enantioselectivity arises by a kinetic resolution and high levels of asymmetric induction in the presence of excess n-butyllithium can be obtained. Dynamic kinetic resolution of the N-Boc derivative is limited in the scope of electrophile that can be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Coldham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK.
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Sonawane RP, Fröhlich R, Hoppe D. Highly diastereoselective formation and reactions of a non-mesomerically stabilized, lithiated alpha-thiocarbanion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:3101-3. [PMID: 16855699 DOI: 10.1039/b604029b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new class of non-mesomerically stabilized, unbranched, configurationally stable lithiated alpha-thiocarbanion has been synthesized and its stereospecific reactions with several electrophiles were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra P Sonawane
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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