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Rinn N, Rojas-León I, Peerless B, Gowrisankar S, Ziese F, Rosemann NW, Pilgrim WC, Sanna S, Schreiner PR, Dehnen S. Adamantane-type clusters: compounds with a ubiquitous architecture but a wide variety of compositions and unexpected materials properties. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9438-9509. [PMID: 38939157 PMCID: PMC11206280 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01136h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The research into adamantane-type compounds has gained momentum in recent years, yielding remarkable new applications for this class of materials. In particular, organic adamantane derivatives (AdR4) or inorganic adamantane-type compounds of the general formula [(RT)4E6] (R: organic substituent; T: group 14 atom C, Si, Ge, Sn; E: chalcogenide atom S, Se, Te, or CH2) were shown to exhibit strong nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, either second-harmonic generation (SHG) or an unprecedented type of highly-directed white-light generation (WLG) - depending on their respective crystalline or amorphous nature. The (missing) crystallinity, as well as the maximum wavelengths of the optical transitions, are controlled by the clusters' elemental composition and by the nature of the organic groups R. Very recently, it has been additionally shown that cluster cores with increased inhomogeneity, like the one in compounds [RSi{CH2Sn(E)R'}3], not only affect the chemical properties, such as increased robustness and reversible melting behaviour, but that such 'cluster glasses' form a conceptually new basis for their use in light conversion devices. These findings are likely only the tip of the iceberg, as beside elemental combinations including group 14 and group 16 elements, many more adamantane-type clusters (on the one hand) and related architectures representing extensions of adamantane-type clusters (on the other hand) are known, but have not yet been addressed in terms of their opto-electronic properties. In this review, we therefore present a survey of all known classes of adanmantane-type compounds and their respective synthetic access as well as their optical properties, if reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Rinn
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Irán Rojas-León
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Benjamin Peerless
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Saravanan Gowrisankar
- Department of Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Ferdinand Ziese
- Department of Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Nils W Rosemann
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstr. 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Wolf-Christian Pilgrim
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps University Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Simone Sanna
- Department of Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Department of Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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Deubner HL, Graubner T, Buchner MR, Weigend F, Ivlev SI, Karttunen AJ, Kraus F. Surprises in the Solvent-Induced Self-Ionization in the Uranium Tetrahalide UX 4 (X = Cl, Br, I)/Ethyl Acetate System. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:11995-12003. [PMID: 35449913 PMCID: PMC9016826 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of the uranium(IV) halides UCl4, UBr4, or UI4 with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) leads to the formation of the complexes [UX3(EtOAc)4][UX5(EtOAc)] (X = Cl, Br) or [UI4(EtOAc)3]. Thus, both UCl4 and UBr4 show self-ionization in ethyl acetate to a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal [UX3(EtOAc)4]+ cation and a distorted octahedral [UX5(EtOAc)]- anion. Surprisingly, the chloride and bromide compounds are not isotypic. While [UCl3(EtOAc)4][UCl5(EtOAc)] crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system, space group P212121 at 250 K, the bromide compound crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system, P121/n1 at 100 K. Unexpectedly, UI4 does not show self-ionization but forms [UI4(EtOAc)3] molecules, which crystallize in the monoclinic crystal system, P21/c, at 100 K. The compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, Raman, and NMR spectroscopy, as well as molecular quantum chemical calculations using solvent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Lars Deubner
- Philipps-Universität
Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg, Hessen 35032, Germany
| | - Tim Graubner
- Philipps-Universität
Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg, Hessen 35032, Germany
| | - Magnus R. Buchner
- Philipps-Universität
Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg, Hessen 35032, Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Philipps-Universität
Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg, Hessen 35032, Germany
| | - Sergei I. Ivlev
- Philipps-Universität
Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg, Hessen 35032, Germany
| | - Antti J. Karttunen
- Aalto
University, Department of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Kemistintie 1, Aalto 00076, Finland
| | - Florian Kraus
- Philipps-Universität
Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg, Hessen 35032, Germany
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3
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Scheibe B, Karttunen AJ, Kraus F. Reactions of ClF
3
with Main Group and Transition Metal Oxides: Access to Dioxychloronium(V) Fluoridometallates and Oxidofluoridometallates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Scheibe
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Antti J. Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Aalto University 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Florian Kraus
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
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4
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Shlyapnikov IM, Goreshnik EA, Mazej Z. Syntheses and the crystal chemistry of the perfluoridotitanate(IV) compounds templated with ethylenediamine and melamine. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Mishra MK, Kelley SP, Dilip M, Vaid TP, Cordes DB, Griffin ST, Rogers RD. Crystallographic Insights into the Behavior of Highly Acidic Metal Cations in Ionic Liquids from Reactions of Titanium Tetrachloride with [1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium][X] Ionic Liquids (X = Chloride, Bromide, Tetrafluoroborate). Inorg Chem 2019; 58:1764-1773. [PMID: 30640462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly charged metal ions are difficult to investigate in weakly coordinating ionic liquids (ILs) because of the insolubility of their solid forms, but the molecular liquid TiCl4 offers a way to react tetravalent metal ions in an IL. Reactions of TiCl4 with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([C4mim]+)-based ILs containing chloride or bromide lead to mixtures of highly metastable amorphous solids and small amounts of crystalline chlorotitanate salts including [C4mim]2[TiCl6] and two polymorphs of [C4mim]2[Ti2Cl10] in a manner not well correlated with stoichiometry or anion identity. The reaction of TiCl4 with [C4mim][BF4] yields crystals of the mixed fluoro-chloro complex [C4mim]2[Ti4F6Cl12], indicating spontaneous reaction of the IL ions to generate HF in situ. These unusual behaviors are explained in terms of the exceptionally high acidity of Ti4+ and the unusual behavior of TiCl4 among metal halides as a nonpolar molecular compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , Alabama 35487 , United States
| | - Steven P Kelley
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , Alabama 35487 , United States
| | - Meghna Dilip
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , Alabama 35487 , United States
| | - Thomas P Vaid
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , Alabama 35487 , United States
| | - David B Cordes
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , Alabama 35487 , United States
| | - Scott T Griffin
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , Alabama 35487 , United States
| | - Robin D Rogers
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , Alabama 35487 , United States.,525 Solutions, Inc. , P.O. Box 2206, Tuscaloosa , Alabama 35403 , United States
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6
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Shlyapnikov IM, Goreshnik EA, Mazej Z. Guanidinium Perfluoridotitanate(IV) Compounds: Structural Determination of an Oligomeric [Ti
6
F
27
]
3
–
Anion, and an Example of a Mixed‐Anion Salt Containing Two Different Fluoridotitanate(IV) Anions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor M. Shlyapnikov
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova cesta 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology National Institute of Chemistry Hajdrihova ulica 19 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Evgeny A. Goreshnik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova cesta 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Zoran Mazej
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova cesta 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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7
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Bresciani G, Bortoluzzi M, Zacchini S, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G. Structural Characterization of a Fluorido‐Amide of Niobium, and Facile CO
2
Incorporation Affording a Fluorido‐Carbamate. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bresciani
- University of Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
- CIRCC Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- CIRCC Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
- Ca' Foscari University of Venezia Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Via Torino 155 30170 Mestre (VE) Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- CIRCC Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
- University of Bologna Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari” Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- University of Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
- CIRCC Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- University of Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
- CIRCC Via Celso Ulpiani 27 70126 Bari Italy
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8
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Shlyapnikov IM, Goreshnik EA, Mazej Z. Increasing Structural Dimensionality of Alkali Metal Fluoridotitanates(IV). Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1976-1987. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor M. Shlyapnikov
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Evgeny A. Goreshnik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zoran Mazej
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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9
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Bolli C, Derendorf J, Jenne C, Keßler M. Halogenatedcloso-Dodecaborate Anions Stabilize Weakly Bound [(Me3NH)3X]2+(X = Cl, Br) Dications in the Solid State. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bolli
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Anorganische Chemie; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaussstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Janis Derendorf
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Anorganische Chemie; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaussstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Carsten Jenne
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Anorganische Chemie; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaussstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Mathias Keßler
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Anorganische Chemie; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaussstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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10
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Mazej Z, Goreshnik E, Jagličić Z, Filinchuk Y, Tumanov N, Akselrud LG. Photochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Xenon(VI) Hexafluoridomanganates(IV). Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Mazej
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Evgeny Goreshnik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Zvonko Jagličić
- Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering University of Ljubljana Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics Jadranska 19 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Yaroslav Filinchuk
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences Université catholique de Louvain Place L. Pasteur 1 1348 Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences Université catholique de Louvain Place L. Pasteur 1 1348 Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
- Department of Chemistry University of Namur Rue de Bruxelles 61 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Lev G. Akselrud
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Ivan Franko National University of Lviv Kyryla and Mefodia Str. 6 79005 Lviv Ukraine
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11
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LeBlanc FA, Decken A, Cameron TS, Passmore J, Rautiainen JM, Whidden TK. Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Weakly Coordinating Anions Based on tris-Perfluoro-tert-Butoxyborane. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:974-983. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis A. LeBlanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Andreas Decken
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - T. Stanley Cameron
- Department
of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jack Passmore
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - J. Mikko Rautiainen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - Thomas K. Whidden
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
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12
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Housecroft CE, Brooke Jenkins HD. Absolute ion hydration enthalpies and the role of volume within hydration thermodynamics. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25804b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports that various thermodynamic properties in aqueous media for certain individual ions and for compounds are linear functions of the inverse cube root of the solid respective ionic and compound solid state volumes, Vm−1/3.
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13
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Il’in EG, Parshakov AS, Aleksandrov GG, Yarzhemskii VG, Danilov VV, Bodrin GV, Goryunov EI, Nifantev EE. Conformational isomerism of the seven-membered heterocycle in a single crystal of [η2-Ph2P(O)(CH2)2C(O)NМе2]TiF4 adduct. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500816090068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Glasser L, Jenkins HDB. Predictive thermodynamics for ionic solids and liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:21226-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00235h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermodynamic properties of ionic solids and liquids may reliably be predicted using volume-based thermodynamics (VBT) and thermodynamic difference rules (TDR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Glasser
- Nanochemistry Research Institute
- Department of Chemistry
- Curtin University
- Perth 6845
- Australia
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15
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Davidovich RL, Marinin DV, Stavila V, Whitmire KH. Structural chemistry of fluoride and oxofluoride complexes of titanium(IV). Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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F−/OH− substitution in [H4tren]4+ and [H3tren]3+ hydroxyfluorotitanates(IV) and classification of tren cation configurations. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Nikiforov GB, Roesky HW, Koley D. A survey of titanium fluoride complexes, their preparation, reactivity, and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Shlyapnikov IM, Mercier HPA, Goreshnik EA, Schrobilgen GJ, Mazej Z. Crystal structures and Raman spectra of imidazolium poly[perfluorotitanate(IV)] salts containing the [TiF6]2-, ([Ti2F9]-)∞, and [Ti2F11]3- and the new [Ti4F20]4- and [Ti5F23]3- anions. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:8315-26. [PMID: 23837817 DOI: 10.1021/ic302468j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions between imidazole (Im, C3H4N2) and TiF4 in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (aHF) in different molar ratios have yielded [ImH]2[TiF6]·2HF, [ImH]3[Ti2F11], [ImH]4[Ti4F20], [ImH]3[Ti5F23], and [ImH][Ti2F9] upon crystallization. All five structures were characterized by low-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The single-crystal Raman spectra of [ImH]4[Ti4F20], [ImH]3[Ti5F23], and [ImH][Ti2F9] were also recorded and assigned. In the crystal structure of [ImH]2[TiF6]·2HF, two HF molecules are coordinated to each [TiF6](2-) anion by means of strong F-H···F hydrogen bonds. The [Ti2F11](3-) anion of [ImH]3[Ti2F11] results from association of two TiF6 octahedra through a common fluorine vertex. Three crystallographically independent [Ti2F11](3-) anions, which have distinct geometries and orientations, are hydrogen-bonded to the [ImH](+) cations. The [ImH]4[Ti4F20] salt crystallized in two crystal modifications at low (α-phase, 200 K) and ambient (β-phase, 298 K) temperatures. The tetrameric [Ti4F20](4-) anion of [ImH]4[Ti4F20] consists of rings of four TiF6 octahedra, which each share two cis-fluorine vertices, whereas the pentameric [Ti5F23](3-) anion of [ImH]3[Ti5F23] results from association of five TiF6 units, where four of the TiF6 octahedra share two cis-vertices, forming a tetrameric ring as in [Ti4F20](4-), and the fifth TiF6 unit shares three fluorine vertices with three TiF6 units of the tetrameric ring. The [ImH][Ti2F9] salt also crystallizes in two crystal modifications at low (α-phase, 200 K) and high (β-phase, 298 K) temperatures and contains polymeric ([Ti2F9](-))∞ anions, which appear as two parallel infinite zigzag chains comprised of TiF6 units, where each TiF6 unit of one chain is connected to a TiF6 unit of the second chain through a shared fluorine vertex. Quantum-chemical calculations at the B3LYP/SDDALL level of theory were used to arrive at the gas-phase geometries and vibrational frequencies of the [Ti4F20](4-) and [Ti5F23](3-) anions, which aided in the assignment of the experimental vibrational frequencies of the anion series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor M Shlyapnikov
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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19
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Shlyapnikov IM, Goreshnik EA, Mazej Z. The cubic [Ti8F36]4− anion found in the crystal structures of K4Ti8F36·8HF and Rb4Ti8F36·6HF. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2703-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40756j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Benjamin SL, Levason W, Reid G. Medium and high oxidation state metal/non-metal fluoride and oxide–fluoride complexes with neutral donor ligands. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:1460-99. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35263j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Holland D, Jenkins HDB. Amorphous/crystalline (A/C) thermodynamic "rules of thumb": estimating standard thermodynamic data for amorphous materials using standard data for their crystalline counterparts. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:5368-76. [PMID: 22515198 DOI: 10.1021/ic300346t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Standard thermochemical data (in the form of Δ(f)H° and Δ(f)G°) are available for crystalline (c) materials but rarely for their corresponding amorphous (a) counterparts. This paper establishes correlations between the sets of data for the two material forms (where known), which can then be used as a guideline for estimation of missing data. Accordingly, Δ(f)H°(a)/kJ mol(-1) ≈ 0.993Δ(f)H°(c)/kJ mol(-1) + 12.52 (R(2) = 0.9999; n = 50) and Δ(f)G°/kJ mol(-1) ≈ 0.988Δ(f)H°(c)/kJ mol(-1) + 0.70 (R(2) = 0.9999; n = 10). Much more tentatively, we propose that S°(298)(c)/J K(-1) mol(-1) ≈ 1.084S°(298)(c)/J K(-1) mol(-1) + 6.54 (R(2) = 0.9873; n = 11). An amorphous hydrate enthalpic version of the Difference Rule is also proposed (and tested) in the form [Δ(f)H°(M(p)X(q)·nH(2)O,a) - Δ(f)H°(M(p)X(q),a)]/kJ mol(-1) ≈ Θ(Hf)n ≈ -302.0n, where M(p)X(q)·nH(2)O represents an amorphous hydrate and M(p)X(q) the corresponding amorphous anhydrous parent salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Holland
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, West Midlands, United Kingdom.
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Benjamin SL, Levason W, Pugh D, Reid G, Zhang W. Preparation and structures of coordination complexes of the very hard Lewis acids ZrF4 and HfF4. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:12548-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31501g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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23
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Tagne Kuate A, Schürmann M, Schollmeyer D, Hiller W, Jurkschat K. The First Examples of a Crown Ether Intramolecularly Encapsulating Mono- and Diorganotin Dications: Synthesis and Structures of [PhSnCH2([16]crown-5)][ClO4]2and [HOSnCH2([16]crown-5)][Y]2(Y=ClO4, CF3SO3). Chemistry 2010; 16:8140-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jura M, Levason W, Petts E, Reid G, Webster M, Zhang W. Taking TiF4 complexes to extremes - the first examples with phosphine co-ligands. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:10264-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00747a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Adil K, Leblanc M, Maisonneuve V, Lightfoot P. Structural chemistry of organically-templated metal fluorides. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:5983-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c002333g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mazej Z, Goreshnik E. Synthesis and Characterisation of [XeF5]3[Ti4F19] Containing a Discrete [Ti4F19]3-Anion. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Mazej Z, Goreshnik E. Poly[perfluorotitanate(IV)] Salts of [H3O]+, Cs+, [Me4N]+, and [Ph4P]+ and about the Existence of an Isolated [Ti2F9]− Anion in the Solid State. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:6918-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ic9009338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Mazej
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Evgeny Goreshnik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Nikiforov GB, Roesky HW, Jones PG, Magull J, Ringe A, Oswald RB. Preparation of Ti(IV) FluorideN-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:2171-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic701751r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grigory B. Nikiforov
- Institut für Anorganizche Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganizche Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institut für Anorganizche Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Magull
- Institut für Anorganizche Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arne Ringe
- Institut für Anorganizche Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rainer B. Oswald
- Institut für Anorganizche Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Decken A, Nikiforov GB, Passmore J. The reaction of TiF4with Li(OC(CF3)2Ph): direct synthetic route to the lithium–titanium heterometallic fluoride bridged complex {Li(THF)2TiF3(OC(CF3)2Ph)2}2and Ti(OC(CF3)2Ph)4alkoxide. Dalton Trans 2006:4328-34. [PMID: 16967116 DOI: 10.1039/b606012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of TiF4 and LiORf (Rf = C(CF3)2Ph) in the donor solvent-THF lead to the isolation of the heterometallic lithium-titanium complex (THF)2Li(mu-F)2Ti(ORf)2(mu-F)2Ti(ORf)(2)(mu-F)2Li(THF)2 (1) and Ti(ORf)4 alkoxide (2). Interaction of TiF4 and LiORf in the non-coordinating and low polar toluene yielded only Ti(ORf)4 (2). Compounds 1 and 2 were characterized by X-ray single-crystal analysis, IR, NMR and mass spectrometry. Compound 1 is a centrosymmetric fluorine bridged dimer and contains the Li(mu-F)2Ti(mu-F)2Ti(mu-F)2Li cage. Complex 2 containing four bulky ligands is monomeric. NMR evidence is presented that the TiF4 and LiORf in THF solution gave lithium-titanium heterometallic complexes containing Li-(mu-F)-Ti and the Ti-(mu-F)-Ti bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Decken
- Chemistry Department, University of New Brunswick, E3B 6E2, Fredericton, N.B., Canada
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