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Hussein AA, Jafar NNA, Ma Y. Elucidating the Mechanism of Tetrahydrofuran-Diol Formation through Os(VI)-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of 5,6-Dihydroxyalkenes Ligated by Citric Acid. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6892-6902. [PMID: 38701335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
A computational study is reported here on the mechanism of tetrahydrofuran (THF)-diol formation from the Os(VI)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of 5,6-dihydroxyalkene ligated with citric acid and in the presence of Bro̷nsted acid. Initiated by Os(VI) dioxo citrate formation, coordination of co-oxidant pyridine-N-oxide (PNO) and protonation of its oxo group generate the active catalyst. The catalytic cycle commences through successive steps, including dihydroxyalkene addition to the active catalyst in a concerted mechanism to form hexacoordinated alkoxy-protonated PNO-complexed Os(VI) bisglycolate as a turnover-limiting step (TLS), cyclization to Os(IV) THF-diolate, reoxidation to Os(VI) THF-diolate, and hydrolysis via a dissociative mechanism to furnish the THF-diol and regenerate the active species, sustaining the catalytic cycle through an Os(VI)/Os(IV) cycle. Despite the overall exergonic nature of catalytic cycle (ΔGrcycle = -45.0 kcal/mol), the TLS is accelerated by the formation of an open-valence 16-electron Os(VI) intermediate but decelerated by the undesired formation of a saturated/hexacoordinate 18-electron Os(VI) intermediate. Bro̷nsted acid plays crucial roles in the formation of Os(VI) citrate and the active catalyst, impediment of the second cycle, and the cyclization step. Additionally, besides its role as a co-oxidant, and in the presence of acid, PNO is found to assist the insertion of dihydroxyalkene and, importantly, in releasing the THF-diol to regenerate the active intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel A Hussein
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, Babylon 51013, Iraq
- Al-Zahraa Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Nadhir N A Jafar
- Al-Zahraa Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Yumiao Ma
- BSJ Institute, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Orienda Instrument Co. Ltd., Beijing 102200, People's Republic of China
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(±)-((2S,5R)-5-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl Benzoate. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this note we report the synthesis of a doubly acylated cis-THF-diol product synthesised in three steps by the stereoselective RuO4-catalysed oxidative cyclisation of 1,5-hexadiene, followed by benzoylation and acetylation. This substance is one of the substrates chosen to probe a new developed oxidative procedure to transform bis-acylated THF-diols into bis-acylated 1,4-diketones. This new derivative was fully characterised by spectroscopic methods.
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3
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Hussein AA. Ru-catalysed oxidative cyclisation of 1,5-dienes: an unprecedented role for the co-oxidant. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15228-15238. [PMID: 35495449 PMCID: PMC9052297 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02303e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ru-mediated oxidative cyclisation of 1,5-dienes to furnish 2,5-dihydroxyalkyl-substituted tetrahydrofuran-diols (THF-diols) represents a practical approach for the synthesis of many bioactive natural products. In the current study, we reported profound findings obtained by density functional theory (DFT) simulations, and they were consistent with the experimental conditions. The results set out a catalytic cycle within intermediacy of NaIO4-complexed Ru(vi) species. Importantly, the co-oxidant played a critical role in the cyclisation step and subsequently the release of THF-diols. Following the formation of Ru(vi) glycolate, cyclisation and THF-diol release proceeded through NaIO4-coordinated Ru(vi) intermediates, outpacing the Ru(viii) glycolate or THF-diolate intermediates and subsequently entering "second cycle" type pathways. The results indicated a cycle involving Ru(viii)/Ru(vi)/Ru(iv)/Ru(vi) rather than Ru(viii)/Ru(vi)/Ru(viii)/Ru(vi)/Ru(viii). Additionally, the existence of an electron-withdrawing group (EWG) on one of the double bonds of 1,5-dienes revealed that the regioselectivity of the Ru-catalysed oxidative cyclisation was predominantly initiated at the electron-rich alkene. Overall, this study offers new insights, which were ignored by earlier experimentalists and theoreticians, into the Ru-catalysed functionalizations of alkenes and 1,5-dienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel A Hussein
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Southampton Hampshire SO17 1BJ UK
- College of Dentistry, University of Al-Ameed PO Box 198 Karbala Iraq
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Hussein AA, Phipps MJS, Skylaris CK, Brown RCD. Mechanism of Os-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of 1,5-Dienes. J Org Chem 2019; 84:15173-15183. [PMID: 31664829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative cyclization of 1,5-dienes by metal-oxo species is a powerful method for stereocontrolled synthesis of tetrahydrofuran diols (THF-diols), structural motifs present in many bioactive natural products. Oxidative cyclization of (2E,6E)-octa-2,6-diene catalyzed by OsO4/NMO has been studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations (M06-2X/aug-cc-pVDZ/Hay-Wadt VDZ (n+1) ECP), highlighting the remarkable effect of acid on the fate of the first intermediate, an Os(VI) dioxoglycolate. A strong acid promotes cyclization of the Os(VI) dioxoglycolate, or its NMO complex, through protonation of an oxo ligand to give more electrophilic species. By contrast, in the absence of acid, reoxidation may occur to afford the Os(VIII) trioxoglycolate, which is shown to favor conventional "second cycle" dihydroxylation reactivity rather than cyclization. The results of the calculations are consistent with experimental results for reactions of OsO4/NMO with 1,5-dienes with acid (oxidative cyclization) and without acid (second cycle osmylation/dihydroxylation). Detailed evaluation of potential catalytic cycles supports oxidation of the cyclized Os(IV) THF-diolate intermediate to the corresponding Os(VI) species followed by slow hydrolysis and, finally, regeneration of OsO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel A Hussein
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , Hampshire SO17 1BJ , U.K.,Faculty of Dentistry , University of Al-Ameed , Karbala , P.O. Box No. 198, Iraq
| | - Maximillian J S Phipps
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , Hampshire SO17 1BJ , U.K
| | - Chris-Kriton Skylaris
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , Hampshire SO17 1BJ , U.K
| | - Richard C D Brown
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , Hampshire SO17 1BJ , U.K
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Design and synthesis of new antitumor agents with the 1,7-epoxycyclononane framework. Study of their anticancer action mechanism by a model compound. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3379-3398. [PMID: 29784272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a new family of antitumor agents having the 1,7-epoxycyclononane framework. We have developed a versatile synthetic methodology that allows the preparation of a chemical library with structural diversity and in good yield. The synthetic methodology has been scaled up to the multigram level and can be developed in an enantioselective fashion. The study in vitro of a model compound, in front of the cancer cell lines HL-60 and MCF-7, showed a growth inhibitory effect better than that of cisplatin. The observation of cancer cells by fluorescence microscopy showed the presence of apoptotic bodies and a degradation of microtubules. The study of cell cycle and mechanism of death of cancer cells by flow cytometry indicates that the cell cycle arrested at the G0/G1 phase and that the cells died by apoptosis preferably over necrosis. A high percentage of apoptotic cells at the subG0/G1 level was observed. This indicates that our model compound does not behave as an antimitotic agent like nocodazole, used as a reference, which arrests the cell cycle at G2/M phase. The interaction of anticancer agents with DNA molecules was evaluated by atomic force microscopy, circular dichroism and electrophoresis on agarose gel. The results indicate that the model compound has not DNA as a target molecule. The in silico study of the model compound showed a potential good oral bioavailability.
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Fan P, Su S, Wang C. Molybdenum-Catalyzed Hydroxyl-Directed Anti-Dihydroxylation of Allylic and Homoallylic Alcohols. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shixia Su
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
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Montaña ÁM, Ponzano S, Sanasi MF, Kociok-Köhn G. Synthesis of the 10-oxabicyclo[5.2.1]decane framework present in bioactive natural products. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1557-1580. [PMID: 29437174 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00194d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present work deals with the synthesis of the 10-oxabicyclo[5.2.1]decane framework present in bioactive natural products like physalins, with potential as antitumor agents. This synthetic methodology involves several key reactions: (a) synthesis of polyfunctionalized cycloheptenones by [4 + 3] cycloaddition reactions of furan precursors with oxyallyl cations; (b) Nicholas reaction with propargyl cations stabilized as dicobalt hexacarbonyl complexes; (c) demetallation and hydration of the resulting acetylenes; (d) stereoconvergent aldol cyclization to generate a key oxatricyclic intermediate and (e) a β-fragmentation process that affords, under hypoiodite photolysis, the desired product with moderate to good yield. The final compounds are the result of a radicalary β-fragmentation at the level of C2-C6 with respect to the tertiary hydroxyl group on C6, with an unexpected contraction from a ten- to a nine-membered ring system, via a radical addition to the carbonyl group on C4. The synthetic methodology has been scaled up to multigram level with good overall yield. Further biological, biochemical and biophysical studies are being carried out in our laboratory on these 1,7-epoxycyclononane derivatives to determine the potential of this kind of oxabicyclic compound as future hits and/or leads for the development of new anticancer drugs. The preliminary evaluation of the anticancer activity of the representative synthesized compounds, against the leukaemia cancer cell lines K-562 and SR, shows a promising activity with a GI50 = 0.01 μM and a LC50 = 7.4 μM for a conveniently functionalized 10-oxabicyclo[5.2.1]decane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel M Montaña
- Industrial and Applied Organic Chemistry Research Unity, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universidad de Barcelona, Martí Franquès 1-11, 08028-Barcelona, Spain.
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Gross LJ, Stark CBW. Regioselective dehydration of α-hydroxymethyl tetrahydrofurans using Burgess' reagent under microwave irradiation. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:4282-4285. [PMID: 28485439 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00607a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We here present a highly efficient and high yielding procedure for the preparation of 2-vinyl tetrahydrofurans starting from α-hydroxymethyl tetrahydrofurans. Best results for this dehydration were achieved using Burgess' reagent in dioxane under microwave irradiation. A range of functional groups as well as different cyclic and bicyclic frameworks were found to be compatible with the reaction conditions. The desired products were obtained within minutes in good to high yields and excellent regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona J Gross
- Fachbereich Chemie, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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10
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Chen Y, Song D, Li J, Hu X, Bi X, Jiang T, Hou Z. Diastereoselective Cyclization of 1,5-Dienes with the C−H Bond of Pyridine Catalyzed by a Cationic Mono(phosphinoamide) Alkyl Scandium Complex. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Tianjin University of Science and Technology, TUST; 29 13th. Avenue, TEDA Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
| | - Di Song
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Tianjin University of Science and Technology, TUST; 29 13th. Avenue, TEDA Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology; Tianjin University of Science and Technology, TUST; 29 13th. Avenue, TEDA Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Tianjin University of Science and Technology, TUST; 29 13th. Avenue, TEDA Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
| | - Xianjia Bi
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Tianjin University of Science and Technology, TUST; 29 13th. Avenue, TEDA Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Tianjin University of Science and Technology, TUST; 29 13th. Avenue, TEDA Tianjin 300457 P.R. China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory andRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science; RIKEN; 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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Adrian J, Gross LJ, Stark CBW. The direct oxidative diene cyclization and related reactions in natural product synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2104-2123. [PMID: 27829917 PMCID: PMC5082725 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct oxidative cyclization of 1,5-dienes is a valuable synthetic method for the (dia)stereoselective preparation of substituted tetrahydrofurans. Closely related reactions start from 5,6-dihydroxy or 5-hydroxyalkenes to generate similar products in a mechanistically analogous manner. After a brief overview on the history of this group of transformations and a survey on mechanistic and stereochemical aspects, this review article provides a summary on applications in natural product synthesis. Moreover, current limitations and future directions in this area of chemistry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Adrian
- Fachbereich Chemie, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leona J Gross
- Fachbereich Chemie, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian B W Stark
- Fachbereich Chemie, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Montaña ÁM, Corominas A, Chesa JF, García F, Font-Bardia M. Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Acetallic Tetrahydropyrans as Building Blocks for Natural Products Preparation, via a Tandem [4+3]-Cycloaddition/Ozonolysis Process. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel M. Montaña
- Industrial and Applied Organic Chemistry Research Unity; Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Martí Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Albert Corominas
- Industrial and Applied Organic Chemistry Research Unity; Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Martí Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Juan F. Chesa
- Industrial and Applied Organic Chemistry Research Unity; Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Martí Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Francisca García
- Industrial and Applied Organic Chemistry Research Unity; Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Martí Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Mercè Font-Bardia
- X-ray Diffraction Unit. Scientific and Technologic Centers of the University of Barcelona (CCiTUB); University of Barcelona; Solé i Sabarís 1-3 08028 Barcelona Spain
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13
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Montaña ÁM, Barcia J, Corominas A. Synthetic methodology to prepare polysubstituted 2-aminopyrans. Synthesis of the C32–C38 subunit of immunosuppressant sanglifehrin A. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Adrian J, Roth S, Stark CBW. An Aged Precatalyst Solution Leads to High Catalytic Activity: Oxidative Cyclization of 1,5-Dienes Using ppm Amounts of Ruthenium. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Adrian
- Fachbereich Chemie, Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Stefanie Roth
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Organische Chemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christian B. W. Stark
- Fachbereich Chemie, Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Organische Chemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
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15
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Alpers D, Gallhof M, Stark CBW, Brasholz M. Photoassisted oxidation of ruthenium(ii)-photocatalysts Ru(bpy)32+ and Ru(bpz)32+ to RuO4: orthogonal tandem photoredox and oxidation catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1025-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08994h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysts Ru(bpy)32+ and Ru(bpz)32+ are rapidly converted into RuO4 through continuous visible light irradiation in the presence of NaIO4. Tandem photoredox/oxidation catalysis protocols were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Alpers
- University of Hamburg
- Department of Chemistry – Institute of Organic Chemistry
- 20146 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Malte Gallhof
- University of Hamburg
- Department of Chemistry – Institute of Organic Chemistry
- 20146 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Christian B. W. Stark
- University of Hamburg
- Department of Chemistry – Institute of Organic Chemistry
- 20146 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Malte Brasholz
- University of Hamburg
- Department of Chemistry – Institute of Organic Chemistry
- 20146 Hamburg
- Germany
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Adrian J, Stark CBW. Total Synthesis of Muricadienin, the Putative Key Precursor in the Solamin Biosynthesis. Org Lett 2014; 16:5886-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502849y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Adrian
- Fachbereich Chemie, Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King
Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian B. W. Stark
- Fachbereich Chemie, Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King
Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Sudharani C, Venukumar P, Sridhar PR. Stereoselective Synthesis ofC-2-Methylene andC-2-Methyl α- and β-C-Glycosides from 2-C-Branched Glycals: Formal Total Synthesis of (-)-Brevisamide. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Piccialli V. Ruthenium tetroxide and perruthenate chemistry. Recent advances and related transformations mediated by other transition metal oxo-species. Molecules 2014; 19:6534-82. [PMID: 24853716 PMCID: PMC6270930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19056534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years ruthenium tetroxide is increasingly being used in organic synthesis. Thanks to the fine tuning of the reaction conditions, including pH control of the medium and the use of a wider range of co-oxidants, this species has proven to be a reagent able to catalyse useful synthetic transformations which are either a valuable alternative to established methods or even, in some cases, the method of choice. Protocols for oxidation of hydrocarbons, oxidative cleavage of C-C double bonds, even stopping the process at the aldehyde stage, oxidative cleavage of terminal and internal alkynes, oxidation of alcohols to carboxylic acids, dihydroxylation of alkenes, oxidative degradation of phenyl and other heteroaromatic nuclei, oxidative cyclization of dienes, have now reached a good level of improvement and are more and more included into complex synthetic sequences. The perruthenate ion is a ruthenium (VII) oxo-species. Since its introduction in the mid-eighties, tetrapropylammonium perruthenate (TPAP) has reached a great popularity among organic chemists and it is mostly employed in catalytic amounts in conjunction with N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMO) for the mild oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to carbonyl compounds. Its use in the oxidation of other functionalities is known and recently, its utility in new synthetic transformations has been demonstrated. New processes, synthetic applications, theoretical studies and unusual transformations, published in the last eight years (2006-2013), in the chemistry of these two oxo-species, will be covered in this review with the aim of offering a clear picture of their reactivity. When appropriate, related oxidative transformations mediated by other metal oxo-species will be presented to highlight similarities and differences. An historical overview of some aspects of the ruthenium tetroxide chemistry will be presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Piccialli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy.
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Schmidt J, Stark CBW. Synthetic Endeavors toward 2-Nitro-4-Alkylpyrroles in the Context of the Total Synthesis of Heronapyrrole C and Preparation of a Carboxylate Natural Product Analogue. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1920-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402240g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Schmidt
- Fachbereich Chemie, Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz
6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian B. W. Stark
- Fachbereich Chemie, Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz
6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Sheikh NS. Comparative perspective and synthetic applications of transition metal mediated oxidative cyclisation of 1,5-dienes towards cis-2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:9492-504. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01491j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis ofcis-2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran rings from 1,5-diene precursors using metal-oxo species along with their mechanistic proposals and synthetic applications is concisely reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- King Faisal University
- Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Pilgrim BS, Donohoe TJ. Osmium-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Dienes and Their Derivatives. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2149-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302719y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben S. Pilgrim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road,
Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Timothy J. Donohoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road,
Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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Telvekar VN, Takale BS. Carbon–carbon cleavage of aryl diamines and quinone formation using sodium periodate: a novel application. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Singh P, Bhardwaj A. Mono-, Di-, and Triaryl Substituted Tetrahydropyrans as Cyclooxygenase-2 and Tumor Growth Inhibitors. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. J Med Chem 2010; 53:3707-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1001327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Palwinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, India
| | - Atul Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, India
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Cheng H, Stark CB. A Double Donor-Activated Ruthenium(VII) Catalyst: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure THF-Diols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:1587-90. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Cheng H, Stark C. Ein doppelt Donor-aktivierter Ruthenium(VII)-Katalysator: Synthese enantiomerenreiner THF-Diole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Donohoe T, Wheelhouse (née Gosby) KM, Lindsay-Scott P, Churchill G, Connolly M, Butterworth S, Glossop P. Osmium-Mediated Oxidative Cyclizations: A Study into the Range of Initiators That Facilitate Cyclization. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:1237-47. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Roth S, Stark CBW. A new catalytic oxidative cleavage reaction to furnish lactones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:6411-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b815135k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lei P, Hedlund M, Lomoth R, Rensmo H, Johansson O, Hammarström L. The Role of Colloid Formation in the Photoinduced H2 Production with a RuII−PdII Supramolecular Complex: A Study by GC, XPS, and TEM. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 130:26-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0776780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Lei
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, The Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Physics, The Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 530, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Hedlund
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, The Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Physics, The Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 530, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Reiner Lomoth
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, The Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Physics, The Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 530, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Rensmo
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, The Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Physics, The Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 530, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olof Johansson
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, The Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Physics, The Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 530, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, The Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Physics, The Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 530, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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Piccialli V, Borbone N, Oliviero G. Ruthenium-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of 1,7-dienes. A novel diasteroselective synthesis of 2,7-disubstituted trans-oxepane diols. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Herrmann C, Neugebauer J, Presselt M, Uhlemann U, Schmitt M, Rau S, Popp J, Reiher M. The First Photoexcitation Step of Ruthenium-Based Models for Artificial Photosynthesis Highlighted by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:6078-87. [PMID: 17489631 DOI: 10.1021/jp071692h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium-polypyridine and related complexes play an important role as models for light-harvesting antenna systems to be employed in artificial photosynthesis. In this theoretical and experimental work, the first photoexcitation step of a tetranuclear [Ru2Pd2] complex composed of two ruthenium-bipyridyl subunits and two palladium-based fragments, {[(tbbpy)2Ru(tmbi)]2[Pd(allyl)]2}2+ (tbbpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine, tmbi = 5,6,5',6'-tetramethyl-2,2'-bibenzimidazolate), is investigated by means of experimental and theoretical resonance Raman spectroscopy. The calculated spectra, which were obtained within the short-time approximation combined with time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), reproduce the experimental spectrum with excellent agreement. We also compared calculations on off-resonance Raman spectra, for which a completely different theoretical approach has to be used, to experimental ones and again found very good agreement. The [Ru2Pd2] complex represents the probably largest system for which a quantum chemical frequency analysis and a calculation of conventional Raman as well as resonance Raman spectra with reasonable basis sets have been performed. A comparison between the resonance Raman spectra of the [Ru2Pd2] complex and its mononuclear [Ru] building block [(tbbpy)2Ru(tmbi)]2+ and a normal-mode analysis reveal that the [Ru2Pd2] resonance Raman spectrum is composed uniquely from peaks arising from the [Ru] fragment. This observation and an analysis of the Kohn-Sham orbitals mainly involved in the initial electronic excitation in the TDDFT description of the [Ru2Pd2] system support the hypothesis that the initial photoexcitation step of [Ru2Pd2] is a charge-transfer excitation from the ruthenium atoms to the adjacent butyl-2,2'-bipyridine ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Herrmann
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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