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Parfenova LV, Bikmeeva AK, Kovyazin PV, Khalilov LM. The Dimerization and Oligomerization of Alkenes Catalyzed with Transition Metal Complexes: Catalytic Systems and Reaction Mechanisms. Molecules 2024; 29:502. [PMID: 38276580 PMCID: PMC10820739 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Dimers and oligomers of alkenes represent a category of compounds that are in great demand in diverse industrial sectors. Among the developing synthetic methods, the catalysis of alkene dimerization and oligomerization using transition metal salts and complexes is of undoubted interest for practical applications. This approach demonstrates substantial potential, offering not only elevated reaction rates but also precise control over the chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity of the reactions. In this review, we discuss the data on catalytic systems for alkene dimerization and oligomerization. Our focus lies in the analysis of how the activity and chemoselectivity of these catalytic systems are influenced by various factors, such as the nature of the transition metal, the ligand environment, the activator, and the substrate structure. Notably, this review particularly discusses reaction mechanisms, encompassing metal complex activation, structural and dynamic features, and the reactivity of hydride intermediates, which serve as potential catalytically active centers in alkene dimerization and oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V. Parfenova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russia
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2
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Fontana N, Espinosa-Jalapa NA, Seidl M, Bauer JO. Hidden silylium-type reactivity of a siloxane-based phosphonium-hydroborate ion pair. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2144-2147. [PMID: 35050278 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new class of siloxane-based cations with hidden silylium-type reactivity is provided, which, in combination with an arylborate counteranion, initiates a highly selective para-C(sp2)-F defunctionalization of a perfluorinated aryl group. The hydrodefluorinated aryl borane is obtained as a crystalline solid via continuous sublimation during the reaction. The heterocyclic six-membered cation could be obtained single-crystalline after dehydrogenative anion exchange. DFT calculations give insight into the bonding within the siloxane-based cation and the mechanism of the ion pair reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Fontana
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany.
| | - Noel Angel Espinosa-Jalapa
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany.
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany.
| | - Jonathan O Bauer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany.
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Catalytic Systems Based on Cp2ZrX2 (X = Cl, H), Organoaluminum Compounds and Perfluorophenylboranes: Role of Zr,Zr- and Zr,Al-Hydride Intermediates in Alkene Dimerization and Oligomerization. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity and chemoselectivity of the Cp2ZrCl2-XAlBui2 (X = H, Bui) and [Cp2ZrH2]2-ClAlEt2 catalytic systems activated by (Ph3C)[B(C6F5)4] or B(C6F5)3 were studied in reactions with 1-hexene. The activation of the systems by B(C6F5)3 resulted in the selective formation of head-to-tail alkene dimers in up to 93% yields. NMR studies of the reactions of Zr complexes with organoaluminum compounds (OACs) and boron activators showed the formation of Zr,Zr- and Zr,Al-hydride intermediates, for which diffusion coefficients, hydrodynamic radii, and volumes were estimated using the diffusion ordered spectroscopy DOSY. Bis-zirconium hydride clusters of type x[Cp2ZrH2∙Cp2ZrHCl∙ClAlR2]∙yRnAl(C6F5)3−n were found to be the key intermediates of alkene dimerization, whereas cationic Zr,Al-hydrides led to the formation of oligomers.
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Parfenova LV, Kovyazin PV, Bikmeeva AK. Bimetallic Zr,Zr-Hydride Complexes in Zirconocene Catalyzed Alkene Dimerization. Molecules 2020; 25:E2216. [PMID: 32397335 PMCID: PMC7248859 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Being valuable precursors in the production of adhesives, lubricants, and other high-performance synthetic compounds, alkene dimers and oligomers can be obtained using homogeneous zirconocene catalytic systems. Further advances in such systems require precise control of their activity and chemoselectivity, increasing both the purity and yield of the products. This relies on the process mechanism usually built around the consideration of the hydride complexes as active intermediates in the alkene di- and oligomerization; however, the majority of studies lack the direct evidence of their involvement. Parallel studies on a well-known Cp2ZrCl2-AlR3 or HAlBui2 and a novel [Cp2ZrH2]2-ClAlR2 (R = Me, Et, Bui) systems activated by methylaluminoxane (MMAO-12) have shown a deep similarity both in the catalytic performance and intermediate composition. As a result of the NMR studies, among all the intermediates considered, we proved that new Zr,Zr- hydride complexes having the type x[Cp2ZrH2∙Cp2ZrHCl∙ClAlR2]∙yMAO appear to be specifically responsible for the alkene dimerization with high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V. Parfenova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, 141, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 450075 Ufa, Russia; (P.V.K.); (A.K.B.)
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5
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Chromium catalysts for ethylene trimerization/tetramerization functionalized with ortho-fluorinated arylphosphine ligand. CATAL COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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6
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Ruccolo S, Rauch M, Parkin G. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Tris(isopropylbenzimidazol-2-ylthio)methyl Zinc Complexes, [TitmPriBenz]ZnX: Modulation of Transannular Zn–C Interactions. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ruccolo
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael Rauch
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Oliva L, Oliva P, Galdi N, Pellecchia C, Sian L, Macchioni A, Zuccaccia C. Solution Structure and Reactivity with Metallocenes of AlMe2
F: Mimicking Cation-Anion Interactions in Metallocenium-Methylalumoxane Inner-Sphere Ion Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leone Oliva
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132-84084 Fisciano (SA) Italia
| | - Patrizia Oliva
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132-84084 Fisciano (SA) Italia
| | - Nunzia Galdi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132-84084 Fisciano (SA) Italia
| | - Claudio Pellecchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132-84084 Fisciano (SA) Italia
| | - Leonardo Sian
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Via Elce di Sotto 8-06123 Perugia Italia
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Via Elce di Sotto 8-06123 Perugia Italia
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Via Elce di Sotto 8-06123 Perugia Italia
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8
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Oliva L, Oliva P, Galdi N, Pellecchia C, Sian L, Macchioni A, Zuccaccia C. Solution Structure and Reactivity with Metallocenes of AlMe2
F: Mimicking Cation-Anion Interactions in Metallocenium-Methylalumoxane Inner-Sphere Ion Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14227-14231. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leone Oliva
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132-84084 Fisciano (SA) Italia
| | - Patrizia Oliva
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132-84084 Fisciano (SA) Italia
| | - Nunzia Galdi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132-84084 Fisciano (SA) Italia
| | - Claudio Pellecchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”; Università di Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132-84084 Fisciano (SA) Italia
| | - Leonardo Sian
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Via Elce di Sotto 8-06123 Perugia Italia
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Via Elce di Sotto 8-06123 Perugia Italia
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie; Università degli Studi di Perugia; Via Elce di Sotto 8-06123 Perugia Italia
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9
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Kohrt S, Kehr G, Daniliuc CG, Rojas RS, Rieger B, Troll C, Erker G. Borata-Alkene Derived Syntheses of (F5C6)2B-Substituted Bis(indenyl) Group 4 Metal Complexes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kohrt
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - René S. Rojas
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Carsten Troll
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Wright LA, Hope EG, Solan GA, Cross WB, Singh K. Active O,Npy,N-Titanium(IV) Fluoride Precatalysts for Ethylene Polymerization: Exploring “Fluoride Effects” on Polymer Properties and Catalytic Performance. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luka A. Wright
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Eric G. Hope
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory A. Solan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Warren B. Cross
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
- School
of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Kuldip Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
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11
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Lo JCY, So LC, Chan MCW. Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of group 4 post-metallocenes bearing (σ-aryl)-2-phenolate-6-pyridyl and -isoquinolinyl auxiliaries. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:15905-13. [PMID: 26277861 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02497h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A new series of group 4 bis(benzyl) complexes supported by (σ-aryl)-2-phenolate-6-pyridyl [O,C,N] ligands have been prepared, and all derivatives have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. In the (1)H NMR spectrum of the Ti derivative where [N] = (ortho-F)-substituted isoquinolinyl, one of the two CH2 resonances is observed as a doublet of doublets (collapsing to a normal d upon (19)F-decoupling), whereas the [(1)H,(19)F]-HMQC correlation spectrum reveals a strong crosspeak for this dd resonance only, thus indicating the presence of intramolecular C-HF-C interactions. [(1)H,(19)F]-HMBC experiments have been performed which reveal a significant scalar component for this coupling and confirm that the interactions are genuine. The contrasting NMR spectral patterns for the (ortho-F)-pyridyl Hf analogue, which exhibits two sets of non-identical doublet of doublets for the methylene resonances, have been rationalized. The activities of the isoquinolinyl-based Ti-[O,C,N] catalysts for ethylene polymerization are superior to those of pyridyl-based congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry C Y Lo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Mechler M, Frey W, Peters R. Macrocyclic Salen–Bis-NHC Hybrid Ligands and Their Application to the Synthesis of Enantiopure Bi- and Trimetallic Complexes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500762r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Mechler
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - René Peters
- Institut für Organische
Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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13
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Reiß F, Schulz A, Villinger A. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Diazene Adducts: Isolation ofiso-Diazene Stabilized as a Borane Adduct. Chemistry 2014; 20:11800-11. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Reactivity of functionalised decamethyltitanocenes: Synthesis and structure of chiral monocyclopentadienyl titanium halogenides. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Thomas J, Klahn M, Spannenberg A, Beweries T. Group 4 metallocene catalysed full dehydrogenation of hydrazine borane. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:14668-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51370j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Yow S, Gates SJ, White AJP, Crimmin MR. Zirconocene Dichloride Catalyzed Hydrodefluorination of C sp 2F bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:12559-63. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Yow S, Gates SJ, White AJP, Crimmin MR. Zirconocene Dichloride Catalyzed Hydrodefluorination of C sp 2F bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Liu CC, So LC, Lo JCY, Chan MCW, Kaneyoshi H, Makio H. Highly Fluorinated (σ-Aryl)-Chelating Titanium(IV) Post-Metallocene: Characterization and Scalar [C–H···F–C] Coupling. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3002334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cham-Chuen Liu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon,
Hong Kong, China
| | - Loi-Chi So
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon,
Hong Kong, China
| | - Jerry C. Y. Lo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon,
Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael C. W. Chan
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon,
Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiromu Kaneyoshi
- R&D Center, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., 580-32 Nagaura, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0265, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Makio
- Mitsui Chemicals Singapore R&D Centre Pte. Ltd., 50 Science Park Road, #06–08 The Kendall Singapore Science Park II, Singapore 117406
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Klahn M, Rosenthal U. An Update on Recent Stoichiometric and Catalytic C–F Bond Cleavage Reactions by Lanthanide and Group 4 Transition-Metal Complexes. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om200978a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Klahn
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße
29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße
29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
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20
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So LC, Liu CC, Chan MCW, Lo JCY, Sze KH, Zhu N. Scalar coupling across [C-H···F-C] interactions in (σ-aryl)-chelating post-metallocenes. Chemistry 2011; 18:565-73. [PMID: 22161818 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The nature and importance of C-H···F-C interactions is a topical yet controversial issue, and the development of spectroscopic methods to probe such contacts is therefore warranted. A series of Group 4 bis(benzyl) complexes supported by (σ-aryl)-2-phenolate-6-pyridyl [O,C,N-R(1)] ligands bearing a fluorinated R(1) group (CF(3) or F) in the vicinity of the metal has been prepared. The X-ray crystal structure of the CF(3)-substituted Hf derivative features intramolecular C-H···F-C and Hf···F-C contacts. All complexes have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra of [M(O,C,N-CF(3))(CH(2)Ph)(2)] derivatives display coupling (assigned to (1h)J(HF) and (2h)J(CF) for Ti; (3)J(HF) and (2)J(CF) (through M···F) for Hf and Zr) between the benzyl CH(2) and CF(3) moieties. [(1)H,(19)F]-HMBC NMR experiments have been performed for the M-[O,C,N-R(1)] complexes and their [O,N,C] counterparts, revealing significant scalar coupling across the C-H···F-C interactions for Ti-[O,C,N] and [O,N,C] species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loi-Chi So
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
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21
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Nova A, Mas-Ballesté R, Lledós A. Breaking C–F Bonds via Nucleophilic Attack of Coordinated Ligands: Transformations from C–F to C–X Bonds (X= H, N, O, S). Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om2010386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Nova
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avinguda Paı̈sos
Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rubén Mas-Ballesté
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès,
Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Kawachi A, Nagae S, Onoue Y, Harada O, Yamamoto Y. ortho-Magnesiation of Boron-Substituted Benzenes by Using (TMP)2Mg. Chemistry 2011; 17:8005-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Baldwin SM, Bercaw JE, Henling LM, Day MW, Brintzinger HH. Cationic alkylaluminum-complexed zirconocene hydrides: NMR-spectroscopic identification, crystallographic structure determination, and interconversion with other zirconocene cations. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:1805-13. [PMID: 21244016 DOI: 10.1021/ja1050428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ansa-zirconocene complex rac-Me(2)Si(1-indenyl)(2)ZrCl(2) ((SBI)ZrCl(2)) reacts with diisobutylaluminum hydride and trityl tetrakis(perfluorophenyl)borate in hydrocarbon solutions to give the cation [(SBI)Zr(μ-H)(3)(Al(i)Bu(2))(2)](+), the identity of which is derived from NMR data and supported by a crystallographic structure determination. Analogous reactions proceed with many other zirconocene dichloride complexes. [(SBI)Zr(μ-H)(3)(Al(i)Bu(2))(2)](+) reacts reversibly with ClAl(i)Bu(2) to give the dichloro-bridged cation [(SBI)Zr(μ-Cl)(2)Al(i)Bu(2)](+). Reaction with AlMe(3) first leads to mixed-alkyl species [(SBI)Zr(μ-H)(3)(AlMe(x)(i)Bu(2-x))(2)](+) by exchange of alkyl groups between aluminum centers. At higher AlMe(3)/Zr ratios, [(SBI)Zr(μ-Me)(2)AlMe(2)](+), a constituent of methylalumoxane-activated catalyst systems, is formed in an equilibrium, in which the hydride cation [(SBI)Zr(μ-H)(3)(AlR(2))(2)](+) strongly predominates at comparable HAl(i)Bu(2) and AlMe(3) concentrations, thus implicating the presence of this hydride cation in olefin polymerization catalyst systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Baldwin
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Ugolotti J, Kehr G, Fröhlich R, Grimme S, Erker G. Five-Membered Zirconacycloallenoids: Synthesis and Characterization of Members of a Unique Class of Internally Metal-Stabilized Bent Allenoid Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:1996-2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8084302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juri Ugolotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Sircoglou M, Bouhadir G, Saffon N, Miqueu K, Bourissou D. A Zwitterionic Gold(I) Complex from an Ambiphilic Diphosphino−Alane Ligand. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800101s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Sircoglou
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée UMR-CNRS 5069, Equipe “Ligands Bifonctionnels et Polymères Biodégradables”, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France, Structure Fédérative Toulousaine en Chimie Moléculaire (FR 2599), 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France, and Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l’Environnement et les Matériaux UMR-CNRS 5254, Equipe “Chimie-Physique”, Avenue de l’Université, BP 1155, 64013 Pau cedex, France
| | - Ghenwa Bouhadir
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée UMR-CNRS 5069, Equipe “Ligands Bifonctionnels et Polymères Biodégradables”, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France, Structure Fédérative Toulousaine en Chimie Moléculaire (FR 2599), 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France, and Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l’Environnement et les Matériaux UMR-CNRS 5254, Equipe “Chimie-Physique”, Avenue de l’Université, BP 1155, 64013 Pau cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée UMR-CNRS 5069, Equipe “Ligands Bifonctionnels et Polymères Biodégradables”, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France, Structure Fédérative Toulousaine en Chimie Moléculaire (FR 2599), 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France, and Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l’Environnement et les Matériaux UMR-CNRS 5254, Equipe “Chimie-Physique”, Avenue de l’Université, BP 1155, 64013 Pau cedex, France
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée UMR-CNRS 5069, Equipe “Ligands Bifonctionnels et Polymères Biodégradables”, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France, Structure Fédérative Toulousaine en Chimie Moléculaire (FR 2599), 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France, and Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l’Environnement et les Matériaux UMR-CNRS 5254, Equipe “Chimie-Physique”, Avenue de l’Université, BP 1155, 64013 Pau cedex, France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée UMR-CNRS 5069, Equipe “Ligands Bifonctionnels et Polymères Biodégradables”, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France, Structure Fédérative Toulousaine en Chimie Moléculaire (FR 2599), 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France, and Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l’Environnement et les Matériaux UMR-CNRS 5254, Equipe “Chimie-Physique”, Avenue de l’Université, BP 1155, 64013 Pau cedex, France
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Vergnaud J, Grellier M, Bouhadir G, Vendier L, Sabo-Etienne S, Bourissou D. Synthesis and Reactivity of Ruthenium Arene Complexes Incorporating Novel Ph2PCH2CH2BR2 Ligands. Easy Access to the Four-Membered Ruthenacycle [(p-cymene)RuCl(κC,P-CH2CH2PPh2)]. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om701139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Vergnaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France, and Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR-CNRS 5069), Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Mary Grellier
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France, and Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR-CNRS 5069), Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Ghenwa Bouhadir
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France, and Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR-CNRS 5069), Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Laure Vendier
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France, and Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR-CNRS 5069), Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Sylviane Sabo-Etienne
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France, and Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR-CNRS 5069), Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France, and Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR-CNRS 5069), Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
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27
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Barbe G, Charette AB. Highly Chemoselective Metal-Free Reduction of Tertiary Amides. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 130:18-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja077463q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Barbe
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - André B. Charette
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7
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Hydrodefluorination of non-activated C–F bonds by diisobutyl-aluminiumhydride via the aluminium cation [i-Bu2Al]+. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Kowalewski M, Krumm B, Mayer P, Schulz A, Villinger A. Transition‐Metal‐Free Boron–Carbon Bond Activation: Insertion of an NNP Fragment into a Boron–Carbon Bond. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200700895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kowalewski
- LMU München, Department Chemie und Biochemie Butenandt‐Str. 5–13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Burkhard Krumm
- LMU München, Department Chemie und Biochemie Butenandt‐Str. 5–13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- LMU München, Department Chemie und Biochemie Butenandt‐Str. 5–13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Fax: +49‐381‐4986382
- Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Fax: +49‐381‐4986382
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Raheem IT, Thiara PS, Peterson EA, Jacobsen EN. Enantioselective Pictet-Spengler-type cyclizations of hydroxylactams: H-bond donor catalysis by anion binding. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:13404-5. [PMID: 17941641 DOI: 10.1021/ja076179w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Izzat T Raheem
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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31
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Cano J, Sudupe M, Royo P. Synthesis and reactivity of di(silylamido)cyclopentadienyl titanium and zirconium complexes. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Mukherjee S, List B. Chiral Counteranions in Asymmetric Transition-Metal Catalysis: Highly Enantioselective Pd/Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Direct α-Allylation of Aldehydes. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:11336-7. [PMID: 17715928 DOI: 10.1021/ja074678r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Mukherjee
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Rieth RD, Brennessel WW, Jones WD. Activation of Aromatic, Aliphatic, and Olefinic Carbon–Fluorine Bonds Using Cp*2HfH2. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200600802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gryko D, Zimnicka M, Lipiński R. Brønsted Acids as Additives for the Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction Catalyzed by l-Prolinethioamides. Direct Evidence for Enamine−Iminium Catalysis. J Org Chem 2007; 72:964-70. [PMID: 17253817 DOI: 10.1021/jo062149k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of protonated l-prolinethioamide instead of the free base derivative 1 as the organocatalyst for the direct aldol addition has a profound and appreciable effect on both the yield and the stereochemical course of the reaction. 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde (2) reacts with acetone in the presence of the protonated catalyst 1.TFA, affording aldol product 3 with a yield up to 99% and an ee up to 98%. The catalyst loading can be lowered to 2.5 mol %. More than 20 different acids were investigated as an additive, and its role as cocatalyst has been discussed. Furthermore, reactions of l-prolinethioamide salts with acetone have been monitored using ESI-MS and 1H NMR techniques, giving insight into the mechanism of the direct aldol reaction. The presumed formation of the iminium salt 10 has been unambiguously confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland.
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Cano J, Sudupe M, Royo P, Mosquera MEG. Evidence of Fluoride Transfer from the Anion of [Zr{C5H3[SiMe2(η1-NtBu)]2}]+[RB(C6F5)3]− Complexes to the Zirconocenium Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200602694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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Cano J, Sudupe M, Royo P, Mosquera MEG. Evidence of Fluoride Transfer from the Anion of [Zr{C5H3[SiMe2(η1-NtBu)]2}]+[RB(C6F5)3]− Complexes to the Zirconocenium Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:7572-4. [PMID: 17054299 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Cano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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37
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Martin NJA, List B. Highly Enantioselective Transfer Hydrogenation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:13368-9. [PMID: 17031944 DOI: 10.1021/ja065708d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe an efficient and highly enantioselective conjugate transfer hydrogenation of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones that is catalyzed by a salt made from tert-butyl valinate and a recently introduced powerful chiral phosphoric acid catalyst (TRIP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn J A Martin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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