1
|
Ciss I, Seck M, Figadère B, Ferrié L. Advances Toward Amphidinolides C, F and U: Isolations, Synthetic Studies and Total Syntheses. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400471. [PMID: 38407454 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Amphidinolides C, F, and U, including C2-C4 analogs, are highly cytotoxic marine macrolides, mainly isolated from dinoflagellates of the genus Amphidinium. All these polyketides share a 75 % or more similar structure, highlighted by a macrolactone ring, at least one trans-2,5-substituted-THF motif and a characteristic polyenic side chain. From their isolation and absolute configurational assignment, the total synthesis of these marine macrolides represented an intense challenge to the organic synthesis community over the last 15 years, with around 14 research groups engaged in this inspiring task. In the first part of this review, we present the different approaches to the isolation and characterization of these natural products, including the most recent analogs, which may cast doubt on the biogenetic origin of these compounds. The various synthetic approaches to the total synthesis of C, F, and U amphidinolides are presented in a second part, focusing on key reactions and/or innovative strategies. The review concludes in a third section summarizing the successful approaches leading to the total synthesis of one of the members of this amphidinolide subfamily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismaila Ciss
- BioCIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91400, Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Chimie Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar -, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Sénégal
| | - Matar Seck
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Chimie Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'Odontologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar -, BP 5005, Dakar-Fann, Sénégal
| | - Bruno Figadère
- BioCIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Laurent Ferrié
- BioCIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91400, Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang S, Perveen S, Ouyang Y, Xu L, Yu T, Zhao M, Wang L, Song P, Li P. Design and Synthesis of Tunable Chiral 2,2'-Bipyridine Ligands: Application to the Enantioselective Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Arylation of Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117843. [PMID: 35174597 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new class of chiral 2,2'-bipyridine ligands, SBpy, featuring minimized short-range steric hindrance and structural tunability was rationally designed and developed, and the effectiveness was demonstrated in the first highly enantioselective Ni-catalyzed addition of aryl halides to aldehydes. In comparison with known approaches using preformed aryl metallic reagents, this reaction is more step-economical and functional group tolerant. The reaction mechanism and a model of stereocontrol were proposed based on experimental and computational results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Saima Perveen
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yizhao Ouyang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Linghua Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Peidong Song
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang S, Perveen S, Ouyang Y, Xu L, Yu T, Zhao M, Wang L, Song P, Li P. Design and Synthesis of Tunable Chiral 2,2′‐Bipyridine Ligands: Application to the Enantioselective Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Arylation of Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Saima Perveen
- School of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Yizhao Ouyang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan Shihezi University Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Min Zhao
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Linghua Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Peidong Song
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qian L, Tang X, Wang Y, Liu G, Huang Z. Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Diaryl Ketones with Ethanol Catalyzed by Chiral
NCP
Pincer Iridium Complexes. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub‐lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 China
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xixia Tang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University 100 Haike Road Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Yulei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Guixia Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- Chang‐Kung Chuang Institute East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Zheng Huang
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub‐lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 China
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Geissler AGA, Breit B. Addition of Chloroprene Grignards to Aromatic Aldehydes: Synthesis of Homoallenyl Alcohols. Org Lett 2021; 23:2621-2625. [PMID: 33729803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A general procedure for the one-pot synthesis of racemic homoallenyl alcohols from the corresponding aldehyde and chloroprene-derived Grignards is described. Employing bis[2-dimethylaminoethyl]ether (BDMAEE) as an additive at low temperatures shifts the selectivity of the chloroprene Grignard addition to aldehydes such that it is almost exclusive toward allene formation. In a set of follow-up experiments, simple and more elaborate methods for further derivatization have been demonstrated, allowing quick access to more complex structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arne G A Geissler
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of unsaturated ketones; factors influencing 1,4- vs 1,2- regio- and enantioselectivity, and alkene vs alkyne directing effects. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
7
|
Eckert P, Sharif S, Organ MG. Salt to Taste: The Critical Roles Played by Inorganic Salts in Organozinc Formation and in the Negishi Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Eckert
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
| | - Sepideh Sharif
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eckert P, Sharif S, Organ MG. Salt to Taste: The Critical Roles Played by Inorganic Salts in Organozinc Formation and in the Negishi Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:12224-12241. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Eckert
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
| | - Sepideh Sharif
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N6N5 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu W, Guo J, Xing S, Lu Z. Highly Enantioselective Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Diaryl Ketones. Org Lett 2020; 22:2532-2536. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shipei Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Molecular switch manipulating Prelog priority of an alcohol dehydrogenase toward bulky-bulky ketones. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
11
|
Şahin E. Candida zeylanoides as whole-cell biocatalyst to perform asymmetric bioreduction of benzophenone derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1710213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Engin Şahin
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Molga K, Dittwald P, Grzybowski BA. Computational design of syntheses leading to compound libraries or isotopically labelled targets. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9219-9232. [PMID: 32055308 PMCID: PMC6979321 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02678a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although computer programs for retrosynthetic planning have shown improved and in some cases quite satisfactory performance in designing routes leading to specific, individual targets, no algorithms capable of planning syntheses of entire target libraries - important in modern drug discovery - have yet been reported. This study describes how network-search routines underlying existing retrosynthetic programs can be adapted and extended to multi-target design operating on one common search graph, benefitting from the use of common intermediates and reducing the overall synthetic cost. Implementation in the Chematica platform illustrates the usefulness of such algorithms in the syntheses of either (i) all members of a user-defined library, or (ii) the most synthetically accessible members of this library. In the latter case, algorithms are also readily adapted to the identification of the most facile syntheses of isotopically labelled targets. These examples are industrially relevant in the context of hit-to-lead optimization and syntheses of isotopomers of various bioactive molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Molga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 , Warsaw 01-224 , Poland .
| | - Piotr Dittwald
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 , Warsaw 01-224 , Poland .
| | - Bartosz A Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 , Warsaw 01-224 , Poland .
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter and Department of Chemistry , UNIST , 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun , Ulsan , 689-798 , South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chaumont‐Olive P, Rouen M, Barozzino‐Consiglio G, Ben Abdeladhim A, Maddaluno J, Harrison‐Marchand A. Chiral Lithium Amido Aryl Zincates: Simple and Efficient Chemo‐ and Enantio‐Selective Aryl Transfer Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Chaumont‐Olive
- Normandie UnivUNIROUEN, INSA de RouenCNRSLaboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) 76000 Rouen France
| | - Mathieu Rouen
- Normandie UnivUNIROUEN, INSA de RouenCNRSLaboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) 76000 Rouen France
| | | | - Amel Ben Abdeladhim
- Normandie UnivUNIROUEN, INSA de RouenCNRSLaboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) 76000 Rouen France
| | - Jacques Maddaluno
- Normandie UnivUNIROUEN, INSA de RouenCNRSLaboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) 76000 Rouen France
| | - Anne Harrison‐Marchand
- Normandie UnivUNIROUEN, INSA de RouenCNRSLaboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) 76000 Rouen France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chaumont‐Olive P, Rouen M, Barozzino‐Consiglio G, Ben Abdeladhim A, Maddaluno J, Harrison‐Marchand A. Chiral Lithium Amido Aryl Zincates: Simple and Efficient Chemo‐ and Enantio‐Selective Aryl Transfer Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3193-3197. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Chaumont‐Olive
- Normandie UnivUNIROUEN, INSA de RouenCNRSLaboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) 76000 Rouen France
| | - Mathieu Rouen
- Normandie UnivUNIROUEN, INSA de RouenCNRSLaboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) 76000 Rouen France
| | | | - Amel Ben Abdeladhim
- Normandie UnivUNIROUEN, INSA de RouenCNRSLaboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) 76000 Rouen France
| | - Jacques Maddaluno
- Normandie UnivUNIROUEN, INSA de RouenCNRSLaboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) 76000 Rouen France
| | - Anne Harrison‐Marchand
- Normandie UnivUNIROUEN, INSA de RouenCNRSLaboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) 76000 Rouen France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang P, Ma GR, Yu SL, Da CS. Enantioselective vinylation of aldehydes with the vinyl Grignard reagent catalyzed by magnesium complex of chiral BINOLs. Chirality 2018; 31:79-86. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences; Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan China
| | - Guo-Rong Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences; Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan China
| | - Sheng-Li Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Chao-Shan Da
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Critical view on the recent enantioselective synthesis of alcohols, amines and related molecules having tertiary benzylic stereocenter. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
17
|
Alkynylation of aldehydes mediated by zinc and allyl bromide: a practical synthesis of propargylic alcohols. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
18
|
Akai J, Watanabe S, Michikawa K, Harada T. Application of a Heterogeneous Chiral Titanium Catalyst Derived from Silica-Supported 3-Aryl H8-BINOL to Enantioselective Alkylation and Arylation of Aldehydes. Org Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Akai
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry
and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry
and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kumiko Michikawa
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry
and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiro Harada
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry
and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang P, Liu Y, Zhang YL, Da CS. The inexpensive additive N
-methylmorpholine effectively decreases the equivalents of nucleophiles in the catalytic highly enantioselective arylation of aryl aldehydes. Chirality 2017; 29:443-450. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Ya-Lun Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| | - Chao-Shan Da
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fujii K, Mitsudo K, Mandai H, Suga S. Kinetic Resolution of Secondary Carbinols by a ChiralN,N-4-Dimethylaminopyridine Derivative Containing a 1,1′-Binaphthyl Unit: Hydrogen Bonding Affects Catalytic Activity and Enantioselectivity. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
21
|
Reactivity of mixed organozinc and mixed organocopper reagents: 14. Phosphine-nickel catalyzed aryl-allyl coupling of (n-butyl)(aryl)zincs. Ligand and substrate control on the group selectivity and regioselectivity. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
22
|
Harada T. Development of Highly Active Chiral Titanium Catalysts for the Enantioselective Addition of Various Organometallic Reagents to Aldehydes. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1256-73. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Harada
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ömür Pekel Ö. Reactivities of mixed organozinc and mixed organocopper reagents. Part 13 Kinetic study for phosphine-catalyzed acylation of alkylarylzincs and effect of residual group on the transfer rate of alkyl group. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Özgen Ömür Pekel
- Ankara University; Science Faculty; Beşevler Ankara 06100 Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Collados JF, Solà R, Harutyunyan SR, Maciá B. Catalytic Synthesis of Enantiopure Chiral Alcohols via Addition of Grignard Reagents to Carbonyl Compounds. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Collados
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ricard Solà
- Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, M1 5GD Manchester, U.K
| | - Syuzanna R. Harutyunyan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Maciá
- Division of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, M1 5GD Manchester, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Özkan D, Erdik E. Reactivity of mixed organozinc and mixed organocopper reagents: 12 . Three component reaction of mixed (n-alkyl)(diaryl)zincates, chloroformates and phosphines for the synthesis of esters. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
26
|
Nottingham C, Benson R, Müller-Bunz H, Guiry PJ. Synthesis of Ferrocene Oxazoline N,O ligands and Their Application in Asymmetric Ethyl- and Phenylzinc Additions to Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10163-76. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Nottingham
- Centre
for Synthesis and
Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Robert Benson
- Centre
for Synthesis and
Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Helge Müller-Bunz
- Centre
for Synthesis and
Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Centre
for Synthesis and
Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bauer T. Enantioselective dialkylzinc-mediated alkynylation, arylation and alkenylation of carbonyl groups. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
28
|
|
29
|
Chang SJ, Zhou S, Gau HM. Enantioselective addition of ArTi(OiPr)3 to aldehydes catalyzed by a titanium complex of an N-sulfonylated amino alcohol. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14173c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric additions of ArTi(OiPr)3 to aldehydes catalyzed by a titanium catalyst of N-sulfonylated amino alcohols to afford desired secondary alcohols in good yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities of up to 95% ee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ju Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung 402
- Taiwan
| | - Shuangliu Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
- China
| | - Han-Mou Gau
- Department of Chemistry
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung 402
- Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Valot G, Mailhol D, Regens CS, O'Malley DP, Godineau E, Takikawa H, Philipps P, Fürstner A. Concise Total Syntheses of Amphidinolides C and F. Chemistry 2014; 21:2398-408. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
31
|
Yang YX, Liu Y, Zhang L, Jia YE, Wang P, Zhuo FF, An XT, Da CS. Aryl Bromides as Inexpensive Starting Materials in the Catalytic Enantioselective Arylation of Aryl Aldehydes: The Additive TMEDA Enhances the Enantioselectivity. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10696-702. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502070r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xin Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan-E Jia
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fang-Fang Zhuo
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xian-Tao An
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chao-Shan Da
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key
Lab of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fernández-Mateos E, Maciá B, Yus M. Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Aryl Grignard Reagents to Ketones. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
33
|
Kalkan M. Reactivity of mixed organozinc and mixed organocopper reagents: 11. Nickel-catalyzed atom-economic aryl-allyl coupling of mixed ( n-alkyl)(aryl)zincs. Appl Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melike Kalkan
- Ankara University; Science Faculty; Beşevler Ankara 06100 Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pu L. Asymmetric functional organozinc additions to aldehydes catalyzed by 1,1'-bi-2-naphthols (BINOLs). Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:1523-35. [PMID: 24738985 PMCID: PMC4033666 DOI: 10.1021/ar500020k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Chiral alcohols are ubiquitous in organic structures. One efficient method to generate chiral alcohols is the catalytic asymmetric addition of a carbon nucleophile to a carbonyl compound since this process produces a C-C bond and a chiral center simultaneously. In comparison with the carbon nucleophiles such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent, an organozinc reagent possesses the advantages of functional group tolerance and more mild reaction conditions. Catalytic asymmetric reactions of aldehydes with arylzincs, vinylzincs, and alkynylzincs to generate functional chiral alcohols are discussed in this Account. Our laboratory has developed a series of 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL)-based chiral catalysts for the asymmetric organozinc addition to aldehydes. It is found that the 3,3'-dianisyl-substituted BINOLs are not only highly enantioselective for the alkylzinc addition to aldehydes, but also highly enantioselective for the diphenylzinc addition to aldehydes. A one-step synthesis has been achieved to incorporate Lewis basic amine groups into the 3,3'-positions of the partially hydrogenated H8BINOL. These H8BINOL-amine compounds have become more generally enantioselective and efficient catalysts for the diphenylzinc addition to aldehydes to produce various types of chiral benzylic alcohols. The application of the H8BINOL-amine catalysts is expanded by using in situ generated diarylzinc reagents from the reaction of aryl iodides with ZnEt2, which still gives high enantioselectivity and good catalytic activity. Such a H8BINOL-amine compound is further found to catalyze the highly enantioselective addition of vinylzincs, in situ generated from the treatment of vinyl iodides with ZnEt2, to aldehydes to give the synthetically very useful chiral allylic alcohols. We have discovered that the unfunctionalized BINOL in combination with ZnEt2 and Ti(O(i)Pr)4 can catalyze the terminal alkyne addition to aldehydes to produce chiral propargylic alcohols of high synthetic utility. The reaction was conducted by first heating an alkyne with ZnEt2 in refluxing toluene to generate an alkynylzinc reagent, which can then add to a broad range of aldehydes at room temperature in the presence of BINOL and Ti(O(i)Pr)4 with high enantioselectivity. It was then found that the addition of a catalytic amount of dicyclohexylamine (Cy2NH) allows the entire process to be conducted at room temperature without the need to generate the alkynylzincs at elevated temperature. This BINOL-ZnEt2-Ti(O(i)Pr)4-Cy2NH catalyst system can be used to catalyze the reaction of structurally diverse alkynes with a broad range of aldehydes at room temperature with high enantioselectivity and good catalytic activity. The work described in this Account demonstrates that BINOL and its derivatives can be used to develop highly enantioselective catalysts for the asymmetric organozinc addition to aldehydes. These processes have allowed the efficient synthesis of many functional chiral alcohols that are useful in organic synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Pu
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pekel ÖÖ, Erdik E. Reactivity of mixed organozinc and mixed organocopper reagents: 10 Comparison of the transferability of the same group in acylation of mixed and homo halozinc diorganocuprates with benzoyl chloride. A kinetic study. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
36
|
Zheng C, Chen FE. Asymmetric catalytic anhydride openings via carbon-based nucleophiles. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
37
|
Erdik E, Eroğlu F, Kalkan M, Pekel ÖÖ, Özkan D, Serdar EZ. Reactivities of mixed organozinc and mixed organocopper reagents: 9. Solvent dependence of group transfer selectivity in sp3C coupling and acylation of mixed diorganocuprates and diorganozincs. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
38
|
Mongin F, Harrison-Marchand A. Mixed AggregAte (MAA): A Single Concept for All Dipolar Organometallic Aggregates. 2. Syntheses and Reactivities of Homo/HeteroMAAs. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7563-727. [DOI: 10.1021/cr3002966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Mongin
- Equipe Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Bât. 10A, Case 1003, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cédex, France
| | - Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Laboratoire COBRA de l′Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cédex, France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Uenishi A, Nakagawa Y, Osumi H, Harada T. Practical Enantioselective Arylation and Heteroarylation of Aldehydes with In Situ Prepared Organotitanium Reagents Catalyzed by 3-Aryl-H8-BINOL-Derived Titanium Complexes. Chemistry 2013; 19:4896-905. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
40
|
Kalkan M, Erdik E. Reactivities of mixed organozinc and mixed organocopper reagents. Part 7. Comparison of the transfer rate of the same group in allylation of mixed and homo diorganozinc reagents. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melike Kalkan
- Faculty of Science; Ankara University; Beşevler Ankara 06100 Turkey
| | - Ender Erdik
- Faculty of Science; Ankara University; Beşevler Ankara 06100 Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hussain N, Hussain MM, Carroll PJ, Walsh PJ. Chemo- and diastereoselective tandem dual oxidation of B(pin)-substituted allylic alcohols: synthesis of B(pin)-substituted epoxy alcohols, 2-keto-anti-1,3-diols and dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-3-ones. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51616d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
42
|
Zhang J, Yang Y, Wang M, Lin L, Wang R. Asymmetric addition of benzothiazole to N-tert-butanesulfinyl imine for the synthesis of chiral α-branched heteroaryl amines. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
43
|
Cheng YN, Wu HL, Wu PY, Shen YY, Uang BJ. Enantioselective Addition of Dialkylzincs to Aldehydes Catalyzed by (−)-MITH. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:2921-4. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
44
|
McGrew GI, Stanciu C, Zhang J, Carroll PJ, Dreher SD, Walsh PJ. Asymmetric cross-coupling of aryl triflates to the benzylic position of benzylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:11510-3. [PMID: 23037512 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Genette I McGrew
- UPenn/Merck High Throughput Experimentation Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania Department of Chemistry, 231 South 34th St. Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
McGrew GI, Stanciu C, Zhang J, Carroll PJ, Dreher SD, Walsh PJ. Asymmetric Cross-Coupling of Aryl Triflates to the Benzylic Position of Benzylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201201874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
46
|
Sui YZ, Zhang XC, Wu JW, Li S, Zhou JN, Li M, Fang W, Chan ASC, Wu J. CuII-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Diaryl- and Aryl Heteroaryl Ketones: Application in the Enantioselective Synthesis of Orphenadrine and Neobenodine. Chemistry 2012; 18:7486-92. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
47
|
Pekel ÖÖ, Erdik E. Reactivity of mixed organozinc and mixed organocopper reagents: 6. Nickel-catalyzed coupling of methylarylzincs with primary alkyl halides; an atom-economic aryl–alkyl coupling. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
48
|
Jagtap R, Joshi N. Bidentate ligand-catalyzed enantioselective addition of RZnX to benzaldehyde. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.09.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
49
|
Goto M, Konishi T, Kawaguchi S, Yamada M, Nagata T, Yamano M. Process Research on the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of a Benzophenone for Developing the Manufacturing Process of the Squalene Synthase Inhibitor TAK-475. Org Process Res Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/op2001673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutaka Goto
- Chemical Technology Department, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 4720, Takeda, Mitsui, Hikari, Yamaguchi 743-8502, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bernhardt S, Manolikakes G, Kunz T, Knochel P. Preparation of Solid Salt-Stabilized Functionalized Organozinc Compounds and their Application to Cross-Coupling and Carbonyl Addition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:9205-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|