1
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Barlow SR, Tomkinson D, Halcovitch NR, Evans NH. Rapid synthesis of hydrogen bond templated handcuff rotaxanes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5393-5400. [PMID: 38873753 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00672k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The rapid synthesis of hydrogen bond templated handcuff rotaxanes is described. The isolated rotaxanes were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopies and high resolution mass spectrometry. This report represents a rare demonstration of preparing (2)handcuff [2]rotaxanes by covalently linking separate axles threaded through the rings of a bis-macrocycle by use of the copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Barlow
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
| | - David Tomkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
| | | | - Nicholas H Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
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2
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A chiral macrocycle for the stereoselective synthesis of mechanically planar chiral rotaxanes and catenanes. Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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3
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Ishiwari F, Takata T. Rotaxanes with dynamic mechanical chirality: Systematic studies on synthesis, enantiomer separation, racemization, and chiral-prochiral interconversion. Front Chem 2022; 10:1025977. [PMID: 36386001 PMCID: PMC9650364 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1025977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic mechanical chirality of [2]rotaxane consisting of a C s symmetric wheel and a C 2v symmetric axle is discussed via the synthesis, enantiomer separation, racemization, and chiral-prochiral interconversion. This [2]rotaxane is achiral and/or prochiral when its wheel locates at the center of the axle, but becomes chiral when the wheel moves from the center of the axle. These were proved by the experiments on the enantiomer separation and racemization. The racemization energy of the isolated single enantiomers was controlled by the bulkiness of the central substituents on the axle. Furthermore, the chiral-prochiral interconversion was achieved by relative positional control of the components. The present systematic studies will provide new insight into mechanically chiral interlocked compounds as well as the utility as dynamic chiral sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Ishiwari
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Japan
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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4
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Pearce N, Tarnowska M, Andersen NJ, Wahrhaftig-Lewis A, Pilgrim BS, Champness NR. Mechanically interlocked molecular handcuffs. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3915-3941. [PMID: 35440998 PMCID: PMC8985514 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of mechanically interlocked molecules that employ a handcuff component are reviewed. The variety of rotaxane and catenane structures that use the handcuff motif to interlock different components are discussed and a new nomenclature, distilling diverse terminologies to a single approach, is proposed. By unifying the interpretation of this class of molecules we identify new opportunities for employing this structural unit for new architectures. Mechanically interlocked molecules that employ a handcuff component provide a pathway to highly unusual structures, a new nomenclature is proposed which helps to identify opportunities for employing this structural unit for new architectures.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Pearce
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Marysia Tarnowska
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Nathan J Andersen
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | | | - Ben S Pilgrim
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Neil R Champness
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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5
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Masai H, Oka Y, Terao J. Precision synthesis of linear oligorotaxanes and polyrotaxanes achieving well-defined positions and numbers of cyclic components on the axle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:1644-1660. [PMID: 34927653 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03507j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interest in macromolecules has increased because of their functional properties, which can be tuned using precise organic synthetic methods. For example, desired functions have been imparted by controlling the nanoscale structures of such macromolecules. In particular, compounds with interlocked structures, including rotaxanes, have attracted attention because of their unique supramolecular structures. In such supramolecular structures, the mobility and freedom of the macrocycles are restricted by an axle and dependent on those of other macrocycles, which imparts unique functions to these threaded structures. Recently, methods for the ultrafine engineering and synthesis, as well as functions, of "defined" rotaxane structures that are not statistically dispersed on the axle (i.e., control over the number and position of cyclic molecules) have been reported. Various synthetic strategies allow access to such well-defined linear oligo- and polyrotaxanes, including [1]rotaxanes and [n]rotaxanes (mostly n > 3). These state-of-the-art synthetic methods have resulted in unique functions of these oligo-and polyrotaxane materials. Herein, we review the effective synthetic protocols and functions of precisely constructed one-dimensional oligomers and polymers bearing defined threaded structures, and discuss the latest reports and trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Masai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuki Oka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jun Terao
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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6
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Tajima S, Muranaka A, Naito M, Taniguch N, Harada M, Miyagawa S, Ueda M, Takaya H, Kobayashi N, Uchiyama M, Tokunaga Y. Synthesis of a Mechanically Planar Chiral and Axially Chiral [2]Rotaxane. Org Lett 2021; 23:8678-8682. [PMID: 34730985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a [2]rotaxane that was both mechanically planar chiral and axially chiral, comprising a symmetrical bis-crown ether featuring a biphenyl moiety (as the macrocyclic component) and a symmetrical bis-ammonium salt (as the dumbbell-shaped component).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Tajima
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Molecular Structure Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masaya Naito
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Noriho Taniguch
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Mei Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinobu Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ueda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Hikaru Takaya
- International Research Center for Elements Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, National Institute of Natural Science, Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur H. G. David
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 United States
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310021 China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 311215 China
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8
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Morise T, Muranaka A, Ban H, Harada M, Naito M, Yoshida K, Kobayashi N, Uchiyama M, Tokunaga Y. A Chiral [3]Rotaxane Comprising Achiral Bis-macrocyclic and Dumbbell-Shaped Components. Org Lett 2021; 23:2120-2124. [PMID: 33689384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a molecularly chiral [3]rotaxane comprising a calix-bis-crown ether (as the macrocyclic component) and two unsymmetrical dialkylammonium salts (as dumbbell-shaped components) without any chirality in any of the individual components. Chiral high-performance liquid chromatography was used to separate the enantiomers, which were characterized by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Density functional theory calculations gave an insight into the absolute configuration of each [3]rotaxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Morise
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hayato Ban
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Mei Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masaya Naito
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Yoshida
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Fukui Prefectural Police Headquarters, Ohte, Fukui 910-8515, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
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9
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Tsukamoto T, Sasahara R, Muranaka A, Miura Y, Suzuki Y, Kimura M, Miyagawa S, Kawasaki T, Kobayashi N, Uchiyama M, Tokunaga Y. Synthesis of a Chiral [2]Rotaxane: Induction of a Helical Structure through Double Threading. Org Lett 2018; 20:4745-4748. [PMID: 30058808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A helically chiral [2]rotaxane featuring two ammonium ion recognition sites in the dumbbell-like component and a calix-bis-crown ether as the macrocyclic component was synthesized, but with no chirality in either individual component. The enantiomeric nature of the isomers, separated through chiral HPLC, was apparent in their CD spectra, which were mirror images for all wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Tsukamoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Fukui University , Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Ryota Sasahara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Fukui University , Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Elements Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako-shi , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Yuzuki Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Yu Suzuki
- Tenure-Track Program for Innovative Research , University of Fukui , Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Fukui University , Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Shinobu Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Fukui University , Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Tsuneomi Kawasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Tokyo University of Science , Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601 , Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology , Shinshu University , Tokida, Ueda , Nagano 386-8567 , Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Elements Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako-shi , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Fukui University , Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
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10
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Jamieson EMG, Modicom F, Goldup SM. Chirality in rotaxanes and catenanes. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5266-5311. [PMID: 29796501 PMCID: PMC6049620 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although chiral mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) have been synthesised and studied, enantiopure examples are relatively under-represented in the pantheon of reported catenanes and rotaxanes and the underlying chirality of the system is often even overlooked. This is changing with the advent of new applications of MIMs in catalysis, sensing and materials and the appearance of new methods to access unusual stereogenic units unique to the mechanical bond. Here we discuss the different stereogenic units that have been investigated in catenanes and rotaxanes, examples of their application, methods for assigning absolute stereochemistry and provide a perspective on future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. M. G. Jamieson
- Chemistry
, University of Southampton
,
University Road, Highfield
, Southampton
, SO17 1BJ
, UK
.
| | - F. Modicom
- Chemistry
, University of Southampton
,
University Road, Highfield
, Southampton
, SO17 1BJ
, UK
.
| | - S. M. Goldup
- Chemistry
, University of Southampton
,
University Road, Highfield
, Southampton
, SO17 1BJ
, UK
.
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11
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Mochizuki Y, Ikeyatsu K, Mutoh Y, Hosoya S, Saito S. Synthesis of Mechanically Planar Chiral rac-[2]Rotaxanes by Partitioning of an Achiral [2]Rotaxane: Stereoinversion Induced by Shuttling. Org Lett 2017; 19:4347-4350. [PMID: 28783341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically planar chiral [2]rotaxanes were synthesized by the introduction of bulky pyrrole moieties into the axle component of an achiral [2]rotaxane. The enantiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. The shuttling of the ring component between the two compartments at high temperature induced the stereoinversion of the mechanically planar chiral [2]rotaxane. The rate of the stereoinversion was studied quantitatively, and the kinetic parameters were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Mochizuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ikeyatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hosoya
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shinichi Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science , Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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12
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Cakmak Y, Erbas-Cakmak S, Leigh DA. Asymmetric Catalysis with a Mechanically Point-Chiral Rotaxane. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1749-51. [PMID: 26835978 PMCID: PMC4805306 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Mechanical
point-chirality in a [2]rotaxane is utilized for asymmetric
catalysis. Stable enantiomers of the rotaxane result from a bulky
group in the middle of the thread preventing a benzylic amide macrocycle
shuttling between different sides of a prochiral center, creating
point chirality in the vicinity of a secondary amine group. The resulting
mechanochirogenesis delivers enantioselective organocatalysis via
both enamine (up to 71:29 er) and iminium (up to 68:32 er) activation
modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Cakmak
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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13
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Saito S, Hirano Y, Mutoh Y, Kasama T. Synthesis of a Homochiral [2]Rotaxane from a BINOL-derived Macrocyclic Phenanthroline. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Yoshihiro Hirano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Yuichiro Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Takeshi Kasama
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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14
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Bordoli R, Goldup SM. An efficient approach to mechanically planar chiral rotaxanes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4817-20. [PMID: 24559064 PMCID: PMC3977585 DOI: 10.1021/ja412715m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe the first method for production of mechanically planar chiral rotaxanes in excellent enantiopurity without the use of chiral separation techniques and, for the first time, unambiguously assign the absolute stereochemistry of the products. This proof-of-concept study, which employs a chiral pool sugar as the source of asymmetry and a high-yielding active template reaction for mechanical bond formation, finally opens the door to detailed investigation of these challenging targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert
J. Bordoli
- School of Biological and
Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University
of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- School of Biological and
Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University
of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
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15
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Mei L, Wu QY, Liu CM, Zhao YL, Chai ZF, Shi WQ. The first case of an actinide polyrotaxane incorporating cucurbituril: a unique ‘dragon-like’ twist induced by a specific coordination pattern of uranium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:3612-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00690a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A unique ‘dragon-like’ twist is induced by the specific coordination pattern of uranium in the first actinide polyrotaxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Mei
- Group of Nuclear Energy Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qun-yan Wu
- Group of Nuclear Energy Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cai-ming Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Center for Molecular Science
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yu-liang Zhao
- Group of Nuclear Energy Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-fang Chai
- Group of Nuclear Energy Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-qun Shi
- Group of Nuclear Energy Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049, China
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16
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Efficient immobilization of polysaccharide derivatives as chiral stationary phases via copolymerization with vinyl monomers. Macromol Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Simpkins NS, Weske DF, Male L, Coles SJ, Pitak MB. Synthesis of fumaramide derived [3]rotaxanes as potential precursors for molecular boxes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5010-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42045k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Glen PE, O'Neill JA, Lee AL. Synthesis of a C1-symmetric Box macrocycle and studies towards active-template synthesis of mechanically planar chiral rotaxanes. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Yan X, Wei P, Xia B, Huang F, Zhou Q. Pseudorotaxanes from self-assembly of two crown ether-based cryptands and a 1,2-bis(pyridinium) ethane derivative. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4968-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31374j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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21
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Abstract
We describe a strategy for assembling different macrocycles onto a nonsymmetrical rotaxane thread in a precise sequence. If the macrocycles are small and rigid enough so that they cannot pass each other then the sequence is maintained mechanically, affording stereoisomerism in a manner reminiscent of atropisomerism. The method is exemplified through the synthesis of a pair of [3]rotaxane diastereomers that are constitutionally identical other than for the sequence of the different macrocycles on the thread. The synthesis features the iterative binding of different palladium(II) pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide complexes to a pyridine ligand on the thread followed by their macrocyclization by ring-closing olefin metathesis. Removal of the palladium(II) from the first rotaxane formed frees the pyridine site to coordinate to a second, different, palladium(II) pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide unit which, following macrocyclization, provides a multiring rotaxane of predetermined macrocycle sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie L Fuller
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ United Kingdom
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22
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Ikai T, Okamoto Y. Structure Control of Polysaccharide Derivatives for Efficient Separation of Enantiomers by Chromatography. Chem Rev 2009; 109:6077-101. [DOI: 10.1021/cr8005558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Ikai
- EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, and College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong St. Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yoshio Okamoto
- EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, and College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong St. Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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Matsumoto K, Inagaki T, Nehira T, Kannami M, Inokuchi D, Kurata H, Kawase T, Pescitelli G, Oda M. Phenyl-(2-pyridyl)-(3-pyridyl)-(4-pyridyl)methane: synthesis, chiroptical properties, and theoretical calculation of its absolute configuration. Chem Asian J 2007; 2:1031-6. [PMID: 17591722 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200700141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, a prototypical chiral molecule based on a tetraarylmethane framework, has been synthesized in five steps from (2-pyridyl)-(3-pyridyl)ketone. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed the tetraarylmethane framework of the molecule but did not determine the positions of the nitrogen atoms because the crystal is a racemic compound and the aryl groups are disordered in the crystal. The optical resolution of the title compound was achieved by chiral HPLC with a Chiralcel OD column. The CD spectra of the two fractions in acetonitrile exhibited opposite signs as expected for a pair of enantiomers. Their CD spectra are changed in 2 M HCl due to protonation. The calculated CD curve for the target molecule based on time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) reproduces the experimental result very well, thus suggesting that the first eluted fraction is the R isomer in terms of absolute configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouzou Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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Polysaccharide derivatives as useful chiral stationary phases in high-performance liquid chromatography. PURE APPL CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1351/pac200779091561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The chromatographic separation of enantiomers using chiral stationary phases (CSPs) has significantly advanced. The esters and carbamates of polysaccharides coated on silica gel have been extensively studied and widely used as CSPs for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In order to overcome the strict solvent limitation on these coated CSPs, the preparation of a new generation of CSPs consisting of immobilized polysaccharide derivatives has become increasingly important. The universal solvent compatibility of the new CSPs provides flexibility in both analytical and preparative chromatographies.
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