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Kim B, Puthukanoori RK, Martha B, Reddy Muthyala N, Thota S, Thummala V, Rao Paraselli B, Chen DYK. Stereo-Controlled Synthesis of Vicinal Tertiary Carbinols: Application in the Synthesis of a Diol Substructure of Zaragozic Acid, Pactamycin and Ryanodol. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301938. [PMID: 37395682 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel and flexible approach for the stereo-controlled synthesis of vicinal tertiary carbinols is reported. The developed strategy featured a highly diastereoselective singlet-oxygen (O2 1 ) [4+2] cycloaddition of rationally designed cyclohexadienones (derived from oxidative dearomatization of the corresponding carboxylic-acid appended phenol precursors), followed by programmed "O-O" and "C-C" bond cleavage. In doing so, a highly functionalized and versatile intermediate was identified and prepared in synthetically useful quantity as a plausible precursor to access a variety of designed and naturally occurring vicinal tertiary carbinol containing compounds. Most notably, the developed strategy was successfully applied in the stereo-controlled synthesis of advanced core structures of zaragozic acid, pactamycin and ryanodol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungjoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Srinivas Thota
- Chemveda Life Sciences, Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, Telangana, 500039, India
| | | | | | - David Y-K Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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2
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Ota K, Nagao K, Ohmiya H. Synthesis of Sterically Hindered α-Hydroxycarbonyls through Radical-Radical Coupling. Org Lett 2021; 23:4420-4425. [PMID: 33988371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe a synthetic approach to sterically hindered α-hydroxy carbonyl compounds through radical-radical coupling. An organic photoredox catalysis reaction converts an aliphatic carboxylic acid and α-ketocarbonyl to a transient alkyl radical and a persistent ketyl radical, respectively, which couple selectively based on the persistent radical effect. This protocol allows the use of primary, secondary, and tertiary aliphatic carboxylic acids to introduce various alkyl substituents onto ketone moieties of α-ketocarbonyls under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ota
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nagao
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Ohmiya
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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3
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Enantiospecific total synthesis of the squalene synthase inhibitors (-)-CJ-13,982 and its enantiomer from a common intermediate. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 71:234-239. [PMID: 29066794 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The total syntheses of both the natural and unnatural enantiomers of the alkyl citrate natural product CJ-13,982 (1) from the common d-ribose-derived acid 6 are described.
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4
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Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Esfandyari M, Lashaki TB. Applications of sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation in the total synthesis of natural products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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5
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Kawamata T, Nagatomo M, Inoue M. Total Synthesis of Zaragozic Acid C: Implementation of Photochemical C(sp3)–H Acylation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1814-1817. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kawamata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanori Nagatomo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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6
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van der Heijden G, Kraakman J, Biemolt J, Ruijter E, Orru RVA. Metal-free one-pot α-carboxylation of primary alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:9716-9719. [PMID: 27722407 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01813k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient metal-free procedure for the formal α-carboxylation of primary alcohols has been developed. The method involves a one-pot oxidation/Passerini/hydrolysis sequence and provides access to α-hydroxy acids bearing a broad range of functional groups. A minor modification to the reaction conditions extends the range of accessible products to α-hydroxy esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gydo van der Heijden
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jasper Kraakman
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jasper Biemolt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Romano V A Orru
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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7
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Bera S, Chatterjee B, Mondal D. Construction of quaternary stereocentres on carbohydrate scaffolds. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13898e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes a glimpse of the various strategies for constructing stereo-defined quaternary centres in densely functionalised carbohydrates moiety of structurally intriguing and biologically potent natural products and building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smritilekha Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Central University of Gujarat
- Gandhinagar-382030
- India
| | | | - Dhananjoy Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Central University of Gujarat
- Gandhinagar-382030
- India
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8
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Practical synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3-dioxolane-4-ones and highly diastereoselective cis-2,5-disubstituted 1,3-dioxolane-4-ones from α-hydroxy acids catalyzed by N-triflylphosphoramide. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Duan Z, Han J, Qian P, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Pan Y. A convenient enantioselective decarboxylative aldol reaction to access chiral α-hydroxy esters using β-keto acids. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:969-74. [PMID: 24991246 PMCID: PMC4077541 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We show a convenient decarboxylative aldol process using a scandium catalyst and a PYBOX ligand to generate a series of highly functionalized chiral α-hydroxy esters. The protocol tolerates a broad range of β-keto acids with inactivated aromatic and aliphatic α-keto esters. The possible mechanism is rationalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China ; Institute for Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ping Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zirui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China ; State of Key Laboratory of Coordination, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yi Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China ; State of Key Laboratory of Coordination, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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10
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Yadav JS, Singh VK, Srihari P. Formation of substituted tetrahydropyrans through oxetane ring opening: application to the synthesis of C1-C17 fragment of salinomycin. Org Lett 2014; 16:836-9. [PMID: 24479786 DOI: 10.1021/ol403604u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of C1-C17 fragment of salinomycin is achieved. The strategy employs a desymmetrization approach and utilizes an intramolecular oxetane opening reaction with O-nucleophile to result in the tetrahydropyran skeleton as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Yadav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, ‡Division of Natural Products Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad-500007, India
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11
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Chinthapally K, Baskaran S. A chemoselective oxidation of monosubstituted ethylene glycol: facile synthesis of optically active α-hydroxy acids. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:4305-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00601a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mild and efficient method for the chemoselective oxidation of monosubstituted ethylene glycols to optically active α-hydroxy acids has been achieved using the TEMPO–NaOCl reagent system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Chinthapally
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036, India
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
| | - Sundarababu Baskaran
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600 036, India
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12
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Akahori Y, Yamakoshi H, Sawayama Y, Hashimoto S, Nakamura S. Synthesis of Chiral Building Blocks for Oxygenated Terpenoids through a Simultaneous and Stereocontrolled Construction of Contiguous Quaternary Stereocenters by an Ireland–Claisen Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2013; 79:720-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402537u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Akahori
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1
Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamakoshi
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1
Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yuki Sawayama
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1
Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shunichi Hashimoto
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Seiichi Nakamura
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1
Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
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13
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Ostovar M, Marson CM. Enynone dihydroxylation–cyclisation as a route to densely functionalised 3(2H)-furanone derivatives: an approach to the core of the zaragozic acids. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Loertscher BM, Young PR, Evans PR, Castle SL. Diastereoselective synthesis of vicinal tertiary diols. Org Lett 2013; 15:1930-3. [PMID: 23574012 DOI: 10.1021/ol4005799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for the synthesis of differentiated vicinal tertiary diols is described. The key step is a high-yielding, diastereoselective LaCl3·2LiCl-mediated addition of a Grignard or organolithium reagent to ketone 2a. The reaction is believed to proceed via a 1,3-chelated intermediate. One of the adducts has been transformed into a functionalized cyclopentenone resembling the core structure of pactamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad M Loertscher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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15
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Webber MJ, Warren SA, Grainger DM, Weston M, Clark S, Woodhead SJ, Powell L, Stokes S, Alanine A, Stonehouse JP, Frampton CS, White AJP, Spivey AC. Towards the enantioselective synthesis of (−)-euonyminol – preparation of a fully functionalised lower-rim model. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2514-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27187k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Nicolaou KC, Hale CRH, Nilewski C, Ioannidou HA. Constructing molecular complexity and diversity: total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5185-238. [PMID: 22743704 PMCID: PMC3426871 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The advent of organic synthesis and the understanding of the molecule as they occurred in the nineteenth century and were refined in the twentieth century constitute two of the most profound scientific developments of all time. These discoveries set in motion a revolution that shaped the landscape of the molecular sciences and changed the world. Organic synthesis played a major role in this revolution through its ability to construct the molecules of the living world and others like them whose primary element is carbon. Although the early beginnings of organic synthesis came about serendipitously, organic chemists quickly recognized its potential and moved decisively to advance and exploit it in myriad ways for the benefit of mankind. Indeed, from the early days of the synthesis of urea and the construction of the first carbon-carbon bond, the art of organic synthesis improved to impressively high levels of sophistication. Through its practice, today chemists can synthesize organic molecules--natural and designed--of all types of structural motifs and for all intents and purposes. The endeavor of constructing natural products--the organic molecules of nature--is justly called both a creative art and an exact science. Often called simply total synthesis, the replication of nature's molecules in the laboratory reflects and symbolizes the state of the art of synthesis in general. In the last few decades a surge in total synthesis endeavors around the world led to a remarkable collection of achievements that covers a wide ranging landscape of molecular complexity and diversity. In this article, we present highlights of some of our contributions in the field of total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance. For perspective, we also provide a listing of selected examples of additional natural products synthesized in other laboratories around the world over the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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17
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Boyce GR, Greszler SN, Johnson JS, Linghu X, Malinowski JT, Nicewicz DA, Satterfield AD, Schmitt DC, Steward KM. Silyl glyoxylates. Conception and realization of flexible conjunctive reagents for multicomponent coupling. J Org Chem 2012; 77:4503-15. [PMID: 22414181 PMCID: PMC3356452 DOI: 10.1021/jo300184h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective describes the discovery and development of silyl glyoxylates, a new family of conjunctive reagents for use in multicomponent coupling reactions. The selection of the nucleophilic and electrophilic components determines whether the silyl glyoxylate reagent will function as a synthetic equivalent to the dipolar glycolic acid synthon, the glyoxylate anion synthon, or the α-keto ester homoenolate synthon. The ability to select for any of these reaction modes has translated to excellent structural diversity in the derived three- and four-component coupling adducts. Preliminary findings on the development of catalytic reactions using these reagents are detailed, as are the design and discovery of new reactions directed toward particular functional group arrays embedded within bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R. Boyce
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Stephen N. Greszler
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Jeffrey S. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Xin Linghu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Justin T. Malinowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - David A. Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Andrew D. Satterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Daniel C. Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Kimberly M. Steward
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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18
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Remote Stereocontrol in [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangements: Application to the Total Synthesis of the Immunosuppressant Mycestericin G. Org Lett 2012; 14:756-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol203300k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Wang Y, Metz P. A general access to zaragozic acids: total synthesis and structure elucidation of zaragozic acid D and formal syntheses of zaragozic acids A and C. Chemistry 2011; 17:3335-7. [PMID: 21328504 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Wang
- Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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20
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Hodgson DM, Villalonga-Barber C, Goodman JM, Pellegrinet SC. Synthetic and computational studies on the tricarboxylate core of 6,7-dideoxysqualestatin H5 involving a carbonyl ylide cycloaddition–rearrangement. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:3975-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c004496b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Kumar P, Banerjee A, Baskaran S. Regioselective Oxidative Cleavage of Benzylidene Acetals: Synthesis of α- and β-Benzoyloxy Carboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 49:804-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Kumar P, Banerjee A, Baskaran S. Regioselective Oxidative Cleavage of Benzylidene Acetals: Synthesis of α- and β-Benzoyloxy Carboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200905952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Ilardi EA, Stivala CE, Zakarian A. [3,3]-Sigmatropic rearrangements: recent applications in the total synthesis of natural products. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:3133-48. [PMID: 19847347 DOI: 10.1039/b901177n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the fundamental chemical transformations in organic synthesis, the [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement occupies a unique position as a powerful, reliable, and well-defined method for the stereoselective construction of carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bonds. While many other reactions can unite two subunits and create a new bond, the strengths of sigmatropic rearrangements derive from their ability to enable structural reorganization with unmatched build-up of complexity. Recent applications that illustrate [3,3]-sigmatropic processes as a key concept in the synthesis of complex natural products are described in this tutorial review, covering literature from about 2001 through early 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Ilardi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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24
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Wang Y, Kataeva O, Metz P. A Symmetry-Based Synthesis of the Heterobicyclic Core of the Zaragozic Acids/Squalestatins. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Howard BE, Woerpel KA. Silylene transfer to alpha-keto esters and application to the synthesis of gamma-lactones. Tetrahedron 2009; 65:6447-6453. [PMID: 20625460 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Disubstituted alpha-hydroxy acids have been synthesized by metal-catalyzed silylene transfer to alpha-keto esters. A range of substituents are tolerated in the transformation with the exception of branched groups at the vinylic position. The alpha-hydroxy acid products can be converted into gamma-lactones using a variety of lactonization conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett E Howard
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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26
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Abstract
The formal total synthesis of the fungal GGTase I inhibitor (+)-citrafungin A 1 is described. The key steps include a selective vinyl anion addition of the anion derived from iodide 10 to the lactone 9 and lactonization/selective deprotection of the allylic alcohols 8 and 23 to afford the citrafungin lactone. Esterification with the isocitrate 6 afforded citrafungin A tetra-t-butyl ester 5 which completed the formal total synthesis.
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28
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Jauch J. Total Synthesis of Azadirachtin—Finally Completed After 22 Years. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:34-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200703814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Wang Y, Gang S, Bierstedt A, Gruner M, Fröhlich R, Metz P. A Symmetry-Based Approach to the Heterobicyclic Core of the Zaragozic Acids – Model Studies in the PseudoC2-Symmetric Series. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Howard BE, Woerpel KA. Synthesis of Tertiary α-Hydroxy Acids by Silylene Transfer to α-Keto Esters. Org Lett 2007; 9:4651-3. [PMID: 17910469 DOI: 10.1021/ol702148x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-keto esters can be converted into alpha-hydroxy acids in a single flask involving metal-catalyzed silylene transfer, 6pi-electrocyclization, Ireland-Claisen rearrangement, and hydrolysis. This reaction sequence is stereoselective and tolerates alkyl- and aryl-substituted alpha-keto ester substrates as well as an alpha-imino ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett E Howard
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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De M, You CC, Srivastava S, Rotello VM. Biomimetic Interactions of Proteins with Functionalized Nanoparticles: A Thermodynamic Study. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:10747-53. [PMID: 17672456 DOI: 10.1021/ja071642q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with L-amino acid-terminated monolayers provide an effective platform for the recognition of protein surfaces. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to quantify the binding thermodynamics of these functional NPs with alpha-chymotrypsin (ChT), histone, and cytochrome c (CytC). The enthalpy and entropy changes for the complex formation depend upon the nanoparticle structure and the surface characteristics of the proteins, e.g., distributions of charged and hydrophobic residues on the surface. Enthalpy-entropy compensation studies on these NP-protein systems indicate an excellent linear correlation between DeltaH and TDeltaS with a slope (alpha) of 1.07 and an intercept (TDeltaS0) of 35.2 kJ mol(-1). This behavior is closer to those of native protein-protein systems (alpha = 0.92 and TDeltaS0 = 41.1 kJ mol(-1)) than other protein-ligand and synthetic host-guest systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy De
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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Zammit SC, Ferro V, Hammond E, Rizzacasa MA. Enantiospecific synthesis of the heparanase inhibitor (+)-trachyspic acid and stereoisomers from a common precursor. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:2826-34. [PMID: 17700851 DOI: 10.1039/b708594j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of natural (+)-trachyspic acid and its enantiomer is described starting from a common 2-deoxy-d-ribose derivative. The synthesis of the corresponding C3 epimers from the same starting material is also described. Each stereoisomer was assayed for heparanase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Zammit
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Hirata Y, Nakamura S, Watanabe N, Kataoka O, Kurosaki T, Anada M, Kitagaki S, Shiro M, Hashimoto S. Total Syntheses of Zaragozic Acids A and C by a Carbonyl Ylide Cycloaddition Strategy. Chemistry 2006; 12:8898-925. [PMID: 17106907 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A carbonyl ylide cycloaddition approach to the squalene synthase inhibitors zaragozic acids A and C is described. The carbonyl ylide precursor 8 was synthesized starting from di-tert-butyl D-tartrate (47) via an eleven-step sequence involving the regioselective reduction of the mono-MPM (MPM=4-methoxybenzyl) ether 48 with LiBH4 and the diastereoselective addition of sodium tert-butyl diazoacetate to alpha-keto ester 10. The reaction of alpha-diazo ester 8 with 3-butyn-2-one (40) in the presence of a catalytic amount of [Rh2(OAc)4] gave the desired cycloadduct 59 as a single diastereomer. The dihydroxylation of enone 59 followed by sequential transformations permitted the construction of the fully functionalized 2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane core 5. Alkene 79 derived from 5 serves as a common precursor to zaragozic acids A (1) and C (2), since the elongation of the C1 alkyl side chain can be attained by olefin cross-metathesis, especially under the influence of Blechert's catalyst (85).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Hirata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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