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Steffann M, Bluet G, Roy S, Aubert C, Fouquet E, Hermange P. 18 F-Fluorination of a supported 2-(aryl-di-tert-butylsilyl)-N-methyl-imidazole for indirect 18 F-labeling of a V H H single-variable domain. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2024; 67:104-110. [PMID: 38224624 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Anchoring an imidazole-di-tert-butyl-arylsilane possessing an azido group to a polystyrene resin provided a heterogeneous precursor that was radiolabeled easily using aqueous [18 F]fluoride. After optimizing the conditions (i.e., using DMSO as solvent and heating at 160°C for 15 min), the desired [18 F]fluorosilane was obtained in 24% radiochemical yield (RCY) and 78% radiochemical purity (RCP) using solid-phase extraction as sole purification. Then, this compound was conjugated by strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition to a model single-variable domain possessing a cyclooctyne tag, yielding to the desired 18 F-labeled bioconjugate in 2% RCY and >95% RCP after purification by a size exclusion chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Steffann
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Talence Cedex, France
- Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery (IDD) Isotope Chemistry (IC), Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Guillaume Bluet
- Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery (IDD) Isotope Chemistry (IC), Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sébastien Roy
- Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery (IDD) Isotope Chemistry (IC), Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Catherine Aubert
- Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery (IDD) Isotope Chemistry (IC), Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Eric Fouquet
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Hermange
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Talence Cedex, France
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2
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Śmiłowicz D, Eisenberg S, Ahn SH, Koller AJ, Lampkin PP, Boros E. Radiometallation and photo-triggered release of ready-to-inject radiopharmaceuticals from the solid phase. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5038-5050. [PMID: 37206398 PMCID: PMC10189872 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06977f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient, large-scale synthesis of radiometallated radiopharmaceuticals represents an emerging clinical need which, to date, is inherently limited by time consuming, sequential procedures to conduct isotope separation, radiochemical labeling and purification prior to formulation for injection into the patient. In this work, we demonstrate that a solid-phase based, concerted separation and radiosynthesis strategy followed by photochemical release of radiotracer in biocompatible solvents can be employed to prepare ready-to-inject, clinical grade radiopharmaceuticals. Optimization of resin base, resin loading, and radiochemical labeling capacity are demonstrated with 67Ga and 64Cu radioisotopes using a short model peptide sequence and further validated using two peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals with clinical relevance, targeting the gastrin-releasing peptide and the prostate specific membrane antigen. We also demonstrate that the solid-phase approach enables separation of non-radioactive carrier ions Zn2+ and Ni2+ present at 105-fold excess over 67Ga and 64Cu by taking advantage of the superior Ga3+ and Cu2+ binding affinity of the solid-phase appended, chelator-functionalized peptide. Finally, a proof of concept radiolabeling and subsequent preclinical PET-CT study with the clinically employed positron emitter 68Ga successfully exemplifies that Solid Phase Radiometallation Photorelease (SPRP) allows the streamlined preparation of radiometallated radiopharmaceuticals by concerted, selective radiometal ion capture, radiolabeling and photorelease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Śmiłowicz
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Shawn Eisenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Shin Hye Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Angus J Koller
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Philip P Lampkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
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3
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Singh R, Gupta V, Kumar A, Singh K. 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose: A Novel Pharmacological Agent for Killing Hypoxic Tumor Cells, Oxygen Dependence-Lowering in Covid-19, and Other Pharmacological Activities. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2023; 2023:9993386. [PMID: 36911357 PMCID: PMC9998157 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9993386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonmetabolizable glucose analog 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) has shown promising pharmacological activities, including inhibition of cancerous cell growth and N-glycosylation. It has been used as a glycolysis inhibitor and as a potential energy restriction mimetic agent, inhibiting pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Radioisotope derivatives of 2-DG have applications as tracers. Recently, 2-DG has been used as an anti-COVID-19 drug to lower the need for supplemental oxygen. In the present review, various pharmaceutical properties of 2-DG are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Singh
- Division Chemistry & Toxicology, WTL-Clean and Renewable Energy Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India
| | - Vidushi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Antresh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, MP 474005, India
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4
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Steffann M, Tisseraud M, Bluet G, Roy S, Aubert C, Fouquet E, Hermange P. Last-step 18F-fluorination of supported 2-(aryl-di- tert-butylsilyl)- N-methyl-imidazole conjugates for applications in positron emission tomography. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9140-9143. [PMID: 35894218 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03258a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aiming for potential applications in positron emission tomography, fully automated productions of 18F-labelled bioconjugates were achieved using heterogenous precursors obtained by anchoring imidazole-di-tert-butyl-arylsilanes to a polystyrene resin. The reactions were performed using either "batch" or "flow" procedures, avoiding both the time-consuming azeotropic drying and HPLC purifications usually required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Steffann
- Univ. Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France. .,Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery (IDD) Isotope Chemistry (IC), 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Marion Tisseraud
- Univ. Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France.
| | - Guillaume Bluet
- Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery (IDD) Isotope Chemistry (IC), 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sebastien Roy
- Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery (IDD) Isotope Chemistry (IC), 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Catherine Aubert
- Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery (IDD) Isotope Chemistry (IC), 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Eric Fouquet
- Univ. Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France.
| | - Philippe Hermange
- Univ. Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France.
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Brown RCD. The Longer Route can be Better: Electrosynthesis in Extended Path Flow Cells. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2472-2487. [PMID: 34302434 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This personal account provides an overview of work conducted in my research group, and through collaborations with other chemists and engineers, to develop flow electrolysis cells and apply these cells in organic electrosynthesis. First, a brief summary of my training and background in organic synthesis is provided, leading in to the start of flow electrosynthesis in my lab in collaboration with Derek Pletcher. Our work on the development of extended path electrolysis flow reactors is described from a synthetic organic chemist's perspective, including laboratory scale-up to give several moles of an anodic methoxylation product in one day. The importance of cell design is emphasised with regards to achieving good performance in laboratory electrosynthesis with productivities from hundreds of mg h-1 to many g h-1 , at high conversion in a selective fashion. A simple design of recycle flow cell that can be readily constructed in a small University workshop is also discussed, including simple modifications to improve cell performance. Some examples of flow electrosyntheses are provided, including Shono-type oxidation, anodic cleavage of protecting groups, Hofer-Moest reaction of cubane carboxylic acids, oxidative esterification and amidation of aldehydes, and reduction of aryl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C D Brown
- School of Chemistry, The University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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N‐
Alkyl 3‐aminobut‐2‐enenitrile as a Non‐radioactive Side Product in Nucleophilic
18
F‐Fluorination. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Richard M, Specklin S, Roche M, Hinnen F, Kuhnast B. Original synthesis of radiolabeling precursors for batch and on resin one-step/late-stage radiofluorination of peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2507-2510. [PMID: 32003763 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09434b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeling of peptides with fluorine-18 is hurdled by their chemical sensitivity and complicated processes. Original triflyl-pyridine intermediates afforded ammonium precursors that were radiolabeled at low temperature. From that study, a generic tag has been designed to allow a simple one-step/late-stage radiolabelling of peptides. The strategy has been transposed to an automated "on-resin" radiolabelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Richard
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Bertrand KUHNAST, 4 place du général Leclerc, 91401 Orsay, France.
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Nakagawa C, Toyama M, Takeuchi R, Takahashi T, Tanaka H. Synthesis of [123I]-iodometomidate from a polymer-supported precursor with a large excluded volume. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00442c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the synthesis of [123I]-iodometomidate from a soluble polymer-supported precursor with a large extent volume. The precursor enabled the synthesis of the [123I]-iodometomidate with high quality without use of HPLC purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | | | - Ryota Takeuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
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Solid-supported reagents composed of a copolymer possessing 2-O-sulfonyl mannosides and phase-transfer catalysts for the synthesis of 2-fluoroglucose. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5500-3. [PMID: 26525864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We described the synthesis of a solid-supported co-polymer possessing mannosides and phase-transfer catalysts and synthesis of 2-fluoroglucoside from it. We first prepared a soluble copolymer from two allene monomers possessing a precursor for the synthesis of 2-fluoroglycose and a crown ether. The copolymerization of the monomers via the π-ally nickel-catalyst smoothly proceeded at room temperature to provide a desired copolymer without decomposition of the sulfonate esters. The copolymer exhibited high reactivity towards fluorination in comparison with a conventional precursor. We next synthesized the solid-supported copolymer by using the solid-supported initiator attached with TentaGel® resins. TentaGel® enabled polymerization under stirring with stirring bar without decomposition. The solid-supported copolymer exhibited comparable reactivity towards fluorination in comparison with the soluble copolymer. In addition, it can be easily separated from the reaction vessel by filtration.
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11
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Bi-functional fluoroalkylation reagents: an introduction to halo-substituted 3-oxa-perfluoroalkanesulfonyl fluorides. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Furumoto S, Shinbo R, Iwata R, Ishikawa Y, Yanai K, Yoshioka T, Fukuda H. In vitro and in vivo characterization of 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-D-mannose as a tumor-imaging agent for PET. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1354-61. [PMID: 23843565 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.113571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED 2-Deoxy-2-(18)F-fluoro-d-mannose ((18)F-FDM) is an (18)F-labeled mannose derivative and a stereoisomer of (18)F-FDG. Our preliminary study demonstrated that (18)F-FDM accumulated in tumors to the same extent as (18)F-FDG, with less uptake in the brain and faster clearance from the blood. However, detailed studies on the uptake of (18)F-FDM in tumors have not been conducted. We undertook this study to establish a practical method of (18)F-FDM synthesis based on an (18)F-nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction and to advance the biologic characterization of (18)F-FDM for potential application as a tumor-imaging agent. METHODS We synthesized 4,6-O-benzylidene-3-O-ethoxymethyl-1-O-methyl-2-O-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-β-D-glucopyranoside as a precursor for the nucleophilic synthesis of (18)F-FDM. The precursor was radiofluorinated with (18)F-KF/Kryptofix222, followed by removal of the protecting groups with an acid. (18)F-FDM was purified by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography and then subjected to in vitro evaluation regarding phosphorylation by hexokinase as well as uptake and metabolism in AH109A tumor cells. The in vivo properties of (18)F-FDM were examined in Donryu rats bearing AH109A tumor cells by biodistribution studies and imaging with a small-animal PET system. RESULTS We radiosynthesized (18)F-FDM in sufficient radiochemical yields (50%-68%) with excellent purities (97.6%-98.7%). (18)F-FDM was phosphorylated rapidly by hexokinase, resulting in 98% conversion into (18)F-FDG-6-phosphate within 30 min. Tumor cells showed significant uptake of (18)F-FDM with time in vitro, and uptake was dose-dependently inhibited by D-glucose. (18)F-FDM injected into tumor-bearing rats showed greater uptake in tumors (2.17 ± 0.32 percentage injected dose per gram [%ID/g]) than in the brain (1.42 ± 0.10 %ID/g) at 60 min after injection. PET studies also revealed the tumor uptake of (18)F-FDM (quasi-standardized uptake value, 2.83 ± 0.22) to be the same as that of (18)F-FDG (2.40 ± 0.30), but the brain uptake of (18)F-FDM (1.89 ± 0.13) was ≈ 30% lower than that of (18)F-FDG (2.63 ± 0.26). CONCLUSION We prepared (18)F-FDM with good radiochemical yield and purity by an SN2 reaction. We demonstrated that (18)F-FDM had adequate tumor cell uptake by a metabolic trapping mechanism and can afford high-contrast tumor images with less uptake in the brain, indicating that (18)F-FDM has almost the same potential as (18)F-FDG for PET tumor imaging, with better advantages with regard to the imaging of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Furumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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13
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Topley AC, Isoni V, Logothetis TA, Wynn D, Wadsworth H, Gibson AMR, Khan I, Wells NJ, Perrio C, Brown RCD. A Resin-Linker-Vector Approach to Radiopharmaceuticals Containing18F: Application in the Synthesis ofO-(2-[18F]-Fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine. Chemistry 2012; 19:1720-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Standardization of fluorine-18 manufacturing processes: new scientific challenges for PET. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 78:307-13. [PMID: 21296149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In [(18)F]fluoride chemistry, the minute amounts of radioactivity taking part in a radiolabeling reaction are easily outnumbered by other reactants. Surface areas become comparably larger and more influential than in standard fluorine chemistry, while leachables, extractables, and other components that normally are considered small impurities can have a considerable influence on the efficiency of the reaction. A number of techniques exist to give sufficient (18)F-tracer for a study in a pre-clinical or clinical system, but the chemical and pharmaceutical understanding has significant gaps when it comes to scaling up or making the reaction more efficient. Automation and standardization of [(18)F]fluoride PET tracers is a prerequisite for reproducible manufacturing across multiple PET centers. So far, large-scale, multi-site manufacture has been established only for [(18)F]FDG, but several new tracers are emerging. In general terms, this transition from small- to large-scale production has disclosed several scientific challenges that need to be addressed. There are still areas of limited knowledge in the fundamental [(18)F]fluoride chemistry. The role of pharmaceutical factors that could influence the (18)F-radiosynthesis and the gaps in precise chemistry knowledge are discussed in this review based on a normal synthesis pattern.
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Li L, Hopkinson MN, Yona RL, Bejot R, Gee AD, Gouverneur V. Convergent18F radiosynthesis: A new dimension for radiolabelling. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00362j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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16
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Design of silicon-based misonidazole analogues and 18F-radiolabelling. Nucl Med Biol 2009; 36:895-905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Högermeier J, Reissig HU. Nine Times Fluoride can be Good for your Syntheses.Not just Cheaper: Nonafluorobutanesulfonates as Intermediates for Transition Metal-Catalyzed Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Scott P. Methods for the Incorporation of Carbon-11 To Generate Radiopharmaceuticals for PET Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:6001-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200901481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Scott P. Methoden für den Einbau von Kohlenstoff-11 zur Erzeugung von Radiopharmaka für die Positronenemissionstomographie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200901481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Bejot R, Fowler T, Carroll L, Boldon S, Moore J, Declerck J, Gouverneur V. Fluorous Synthesis of18F Radiotracers with the [18F]Fluoride Ion: Nucleophilic Fluorination as the Detagging Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Bejot R, Fowler T, Carroll L, Boldon S, Moore J, Declerck J, Gouverneur V. Fluorous Synthesis of18F Radiotracers with the [18F]Fluoride Ion: Nucleophilic Fluorination as the Detagging Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:586-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Brown LJ, Ma N, Bouvet DR, Champion S, Gibson AM, Hu Y, Jackson A, Khan I, Millot N, Topley AC, Wadsworth H, Wynn D, Brown RCD. Synthesis of the positron-emitting radiotracer [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose from resin-bound perfluoroalkylsulfonates. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:564-75. [DOI: 10.1039/b816032e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Blom E, Karimi F, Långström B. Use of perfluoro groups in nucleophilic 18F-fluorination. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Betts HM, Barnard PJ, Bayly SR, Dilworth JR, Gee AD, Holland JP. Controlled axial coordination: solid-phase synthesis and purification of metallo-radiopharmaceuticals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8416-9. [PMID: 18773404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Betts
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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Miller P, Long N, Vilar R, Gee A. Synthese von11C-,18F-,15O- und13N-Radiotracern für die Positronenemissionstomographie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Miller P, Long N, Vilar R, Gee A. Synthesis of11C,18F,15O, and13N Radiolabels for Positron Emission Tomography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8998-9033. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 726] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Betts H, Barnard P, Bayly S, Dilworth J, Gee A, Holland J. Controlled Axial Coordination: Solid-Phase Synthesis and Purification of Metallo-Radiopharmaceuticals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Cai
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Rm. B3 C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892‐1003, USA, Fax: +1‐301‐480‐5112
| | - Shuiyu Lu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Rm. B3 C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892‐1003, USA, Fax: +1‐301‐480‐5112
| | - Victor W. Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Rm. B3 C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892‐1003, USA, Fax: +1‐301‐480‐5112
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