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Synthesis and Application of Aurophilic Poly(Cysteine) and Poly(Cysteine)-Containing Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9100500. [PMID: 30965803 PMCID: PMC6418574 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox capacity, as well as the aurophilicity of the terminal thiol side groups, in poly(Cysteine) lend a unique characteristic to this poly(amino acid) or polypeptide. There are two major application fields for this polymer: (i) biomedical applications in drug delivery and surface modification of biomedical devices and (ii) as coating for electrodes to enhance their electrochemical sensitivity. The intended application determines the synthetic route for p(Cysteine). Polymers to be used in biomedical applications are typically polymerized from the cysteine N-carboxyanhydride by a ring-opening polymerization, where the thiol group needs to be protected during the polymerization. Advances in this methodology have led to conditions under which the polymerization progresses as living polymerization, which allows for a strict control of the molecular architecture, molecular weight and polydispersity and the formation of block copolymers, which eventually could display polyphilic properties. Poly(Cysteine) used as electrode coating is typically polymerized onto the electrode by cyclic voltammetry, which actually produces a continuous, pinhole-free film on the electrode via the formation of covalent bonds between the amino group of Cysteine and the carbon of the electrode. This resulting coating is chemically very different from the well-defined poly(Cysteine) obtained by ring-opening polymerizations. Based on the structure of cysteine a significant degree of cross-linking within the coating deposited by cyclic voltammetry can be assumed. This manuscript provides a detailed discussion of the ring-opening polymerization of cysteine, a brief consideration of the role of glutathione, a key cysteine-containing tripeptide, and examples for the utilization of poly(Cysteine) and poly(Cysteine)-containing copolymers, in both, the biomedical as well as electrochemical realm.
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Geng Y, Wang ZF, Lin BP, Yang H. Amphiphilic Diblock Co-polymers Bearing a Cysteine Junction Group: Synthesis, Encapsulation of Inorganic Nanoparticles, and Near-Infrared Photoresponsive Properties. Chemistry 2016; 22:18197-18207. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Geng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research; Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Fei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research; Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 P.R. China
| | - Bao-Ping Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research; Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 P.R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research; Jiangsu Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Engineering Laboratory; Southeast University; Nanjing 211189 P.R. China
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Controlled accommodation of metal nanostructures within the matrices of polymer architectures through solution-based synthetic strategies. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Song L, Zhang X, Liu J, Li X. Preparation of stable gold nanoparticles by using diblock copolymer mixture as encapsulating agent. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090414050133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Deng C, Wu J, Cheng R, Meng F, Klok HA, Zhong Z. Functional polypeptide and hybrid materials: Precision synthesis via α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride polymerization and emerging biomedical applications. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liras M, García O, Guarrotxena N, Palacios-Cuesta M, Quijada-Garrido I. Versatile thiolated thermosensitive polymers synthesized by ATRP of MEO2MA and AcSEMA, a new methacrylic monomer with a protected thiol group. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00773a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wang L, Zhang B, Zhang W, Zhang J, Gao X, Meng X, Su DS, Xiao FS. Positively charged bulk Au particles as an efficient catalyst for oxidation of styrene with molecular oxygen. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3449-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc00309d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Kang JS, Taton TA. Oligothiol graft-copolymer coatings stabilize gold nanoparticles against harsh experimental conditions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:16751-60. [PMID: 22957513 PMCID: PMC3682508 DOI: 10.1021/la301249a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report that poly(L-lysine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) copolymers that bear multiple thiol groups on the polymer backbone are exceptional ligands for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In general, these graft copolymer ligands stabilize AuNPs against environments that would ordinarily lead to particle aggregation. To characterize the effect of copolymer structure on AuNP stability, we synthesized thiolated PLL-g-PEGs (PLL-g-[PEG:SH]) with different backbone lengths, PEG grafting densities, and number of thiols per polymer chain. AuNPs were then combined with these polymer ligands, and the stabilities of the resulting AuNP@PLL-g-[PEG:SH] particles against high temperature, oxidants, and competing thiol ligands were characterized using dynamic light scattering, visible absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectrophotometry. Our observations indicate that thiolated PLL-g-PEG ligands combine thermodynamic stabilization via multiple Au-S bonds and steric stabilization by PEG grafts, and the best graft copolymer ligands balance these two effects. We hope that this new ligand system enables AuNPs to be applied to biotechnological applications that require harsh experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - T. Andrew Taton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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9
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Erathodiyil N, Ying JY. Functionalization of inorganic nanoparticles for bioimaging applications. Acc Chem Res 2011; 44:925-35. [PMID: 21648430 DOI: 10.1021/ar2000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Modern biomedical imaging technologies have led to significant advances in diagnosis and therapy. Because most disease processes occur at the molecular and cellular levels, researchers continue to face challenges in viewing and understanding these processes precisely and in real time. The ideal imaging resolution would be in nanometers, because most biological processes take place on this length scale. Therefore, the functionalization of nanoparticles (NPs) and their use in therapeutic and diagnostic applications are of great interest. Molecular and cellular imaging agents made from inorganic NPs have been developed to probe such biological events noninvasively. The conjugation of tiny NPs with specific biomolecules allows researchers to target the desired location, reduce overall toxicity, and boost the efficiency of the imaging probes. In this Account, we review recent research on the functionalization of NPs for bioimaging applications. Several types of NPs have been employed for bioimaging applications, including metal (Au, Ag), metal oxide (Fe(3)O(4)), and semiconductor nanocrystals (e.g. quantum dots (QDs) and magnetic quantum dots (MQDs)). The preparation of NPs for bioimaging applications can include a variety of steps: synthesis, coating, surface functionalization, and bioconjugation. The most common strategies of engineering NP surfaces involve physical adsorption or chemisorption of the desired ligands onto the surface. Chemisorption or covalent linkages are preferred, and the coated NPs should possess high colloidal stability, biocompatibility, water solubility, and functional groups for further bioconjugation. Many of the functionalization techniques that have been reported in the literature suffer from limitations such as complex synthesis steps, poor biocompatibility, low stability, and hydrophobic products. Coating strategies based on chemisorption and ligand exchange often provide a better way to tailor the surface properties of NPs. After conjugation with the appropriate targeting ligands, antibodies, or proteins, the NPs may exhibit highly selective binding, making them useful for fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and multimodal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandanan Erathodiyil
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669
| | - Jackie Y. Ying
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669
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Yuan C, Luo W, Zhong L, Deng H, Liu J, Xu Y, Dai L. Gold@Polymer Nanostructures with Tunable Permeability Shells for Selective Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Yuan C, Luo W, Zhong L, Deng H, Liu J, Xu Y, Dai L. Gold@Polymer Nanostructures with Tunable Permeability Shells for Selective Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3515-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sardar R, Shem PM, Pecchia-Bekkum C, Bjorge NS, Shumaker-Parry JS. Single-step generation of fluorophore-encapsulated gold nanoparticle core-shell materials. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:345603. [PMID: 20683134 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/34/345603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple route to produce fluorophore-encapsulated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a single step under aqueous conditions using the fluorophore 1-pyrenemethylamine (PMA). Different amounts of PMA were used and the resulting core-shell gold nanoparticles were analyzed using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Electron microscopy analysis shows nanoparticles consisting of a gold nanoparticle core which is encapsulated with a lower contrast shell. In the UV-visible spectra, we observed a significant red shift (37 nm) of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption maximum (lambda(max)) compared to citrate-stabilized AuNPs of a similar size. We attribute the prominent LSPR wavelength shift for PMA-AuNP conjugates to the increase in the local dielectric environment near the gold nanoparticles due to the shell formation. This simple, aqueous-based synthesis is a new approach to the production of fluorophore-encapsulated AuNPs that could be applicable in biological sensing systems and photonic device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sardar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Yang H, Xu L, Zhang X, Li X. A facile preparative method for gold-containing vesicles from poly(styrene-block-2-vinylpyridine) block copolymer/HAuCl4 complexes. Polym Bull (Berl) 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-010-0315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jana NR, Erathodiyil N, Jiang J, Ying JY. Cysteine-functionalized polyaspartic acid: a polymer for coating and bioconjugation of nanoparticles and quantum dots. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:6503-6507. [PMID: 20112990 DOI: 10.1021/la903965t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized a biocompatible polyaspartic acid-based polymer (molecular weight approximately 15,000-25,000) with cysteine on its backbone for use as a capping ligand for functionalized Au, Ag, and CdSe@ZnS nanoparticles. Nearly monodisperse, hydrophobic Au and Ag nanoparticles and CdSe@ZnS quantum dots were first prepared in organic solvents via conventional synthesis and then ligand exchanged to derive polymer-coated water-soluble nanoparticles. Multiple thiol groups in the polymer backbone conferred excellent protection against aggregation of the nanoparticles, and the carboxylic acid groups in the polymer provided the possibility of covalent binding with antibodies. Compared to the conventional thiol-based ligands, this polymer coating led to superior colloidal stability under the experimental conditions involved in the bioconjugation and purification steps. Goat antihuman-IgG (anti-h-IgG) and antimouse epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-m-EGFR) antibodies were conjugated with the polymer-coated nanoparticles and successfully applied to protein detection. This polymer coating exhibited minimal nonspecific interaction with cells and could be broadly applied to cell labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil R Jana
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669
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Hsu SJ, Su PYS, Jian LY, Chang AHH, Lin IJB. Vertex and Edge Truncated Octahedron Gold Crystals. N-alkylimidazole and Silver(I) Ion Controlled Morphology Transformation. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:4149-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ic902201u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology Research Center, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Padi Y. S. Su
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology Research Center, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - L. Y. Jian
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology Research Center, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - A. H. H. Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology Research Center, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Ivan J. B. Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology Research Center, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
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Yang J, Liu X, Huang C, Zhou C, Li Y, Zhu D. Construction and Photophysical Properties of Organic-Inorganic Nanonetworks Based on Oligo(phenylenevinylene) and Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:659-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ouchi M, Terashima T, Sawamoto M. Transition metal-catalyzed living radical polymerization: toward perfection in catalysis and precision polymer synthesis. Chem Rev 2010; 109:4963-5050. [PMID: 19788190 DOI: 10.1021/cr900234b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 998] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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van Dongen SFM, de Hoog HPM, Peters RJRW, Nallani M, Nolte RJM, van Hest JCM. Biohybrid Polymer Capsules. Chem Rev 2009; 109:6212-74. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900072y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn F. M. van Dongen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), Research Link 3, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Hans-Peter M. de Hoog
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), Research Link 3, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Ruud J. R. W. Peters
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), Research Link 3, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Madhavan Nallani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), Research Link 3, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Roeland J. M. Nolte
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), Research Link 3, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Jan C. M. van Hest
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), Research Link 3, Singapore 117602, Singapore
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Han J, Liu Y, Guo R. Facile Synthesis of Highly Stable Gold Nanoparticles and Their Unexpected Excellent Catalytic Activity for Suzuki−Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:2060-1. [DOI: 10.1021/ja808935n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Rong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Habraken GJM, Koning CE, Heuts JPA, Heise A. Thiol chemistry on well-defined synthetic polypeptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3612-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b904703d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Javakhishvili I, Hvilsted S. Gold Nanoparticles Protected with Thiol-Derivatized Amphiphilic Poly(ϵ-caprolactone)-b-poly(acrylic acid). Biomacromolecules 2008; 10:74-81. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800860t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irakli Javakhishvili
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Danish Polymer Centre, Building 423, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Søren Hvilsted
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Danish Polymer Centre, Building 423, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Babin J, Taton D, Brinkmann M, Lecommandoux S. Synthesis and Self-Assembly in Bulk of Linear and Mikto-Arm Star Block Copolymers Based on Polystyrene and Poly(glutamic acid). Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702071y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Babin
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, CNRS, ENSCPB-Université Bordeaux 1, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 PESSAC, France, and Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, UPR 22, 6 Rue Boussingault BP 40016 F-67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Taton
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, CNRS, ENSCPB-Université Bordeaux 1, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 PESSAC, France, and Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, UPR 22, 6 Rue Boussingault BP 40016 F-67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, CNRS, ENSCPB-Université Bordeaux 1, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 PESSAC, France, and Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, UPR 22, 6 Rue Boussingault BP 40016 F-67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Lecommandoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, CNRS, ENSCPB-Université Bordeaux 1, 16 Avenue Pey Berland, 33607 PESSAC, France, and Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, UPR 22, 6 Rue Boussingault BP 40016 F-67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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