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Alešković M, Šekutor M. Overcoming barriers with non-covalent interactions: supramolecular recognition of adamantyl cucurbit[ n]uril assemblies for medical applications. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:433-471. [PMID: 38389878 PMCID: PMC10880950 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00596h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Adamantane, a staple in medicinal chemistry, recently became a cornerstone of a supramolecular host-guest drug delivery system, ADA/CB[n]. Owing to a good fit between the adamantane cage and the host cavity of the cucurbit[n]uril macrocycle, formed strong inclusion complexes find applications in drug delivery and controlled drug release. Note that the cucurbit[n]uril host is not solely a delivery vehicle of the ADA/CB[n] system but rather influences the bioactivity and bioavailability of drug molecules and can tune drug properties. Namely, as host-guest interactions are capable of changing the intrinsic properties of the guest molecule, inclusion complexes can become more soluble, bioavailable and more resistant to metabolic conditions compared to individual non-complexed molecules. Such synergistic effects have implications for practical bioapplicability of this complex system and provide a new viewpoint to therapy, beyond the traditional single drug molecule approach. By achieving a balance between guest encapsulation and release, the ADA/CB[n] system has also found use beyond just drug delivery, in fields like bioanalytics, sensing assays, bioimaging, etc. Thus, chemosensing in physiological conditions, indicator displacement assays, in vivo diagnostics and hybrid nanostructures are just some recent examples of the ADA/CB[n] applicability, be it for displacements purposes or as cargo vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Alešković
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička 54 10 000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Marina Šekutor
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička 54 10 000 Zagreb Croatia
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2
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McHugh CT, Kelley M, Bryden NJ, Branca RT. In vivo hyperCEST imaging: Experimental considerations for a reliable contrast. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:1480-1489. [PMID: 34601738 PMCID: PMC8776610 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE HyperCEST contrast relies on the reduction of the solvent signal after selective saturation of the solute magnetization. The scope of this work is to outline the experimental conditions needed to obtain a reliable hyperCEST contrast in vivo, where the "solvent" signal (ie, the dissolved-phase signal) may change over time due to the increase in xenon (Xe) accumulation into tissue. METHODS Hyperpolarized 129 Xe was delivered to mice at a constant volume and rate using a mechanical ventilator, which triggered the saturation, excitation, and acquisition of the MR signal during the exhale phase of the breath cycle-either every breath or every 2, 3, or 4 breaths. Serial Z-spectra and hyperCEST images were acquired before and after a bolus injection of cucurbit[6]uril to assess possible signal fluctuations and instabilities. RESULTS The intensity of the dissolved-phase Xe signal was observed to first increase immediately after the beginning of the hyperpolarized gas inhalation and NMR acquisition, and then decrease before reaching a steady-state condition. Once a steady-state dissolved-phase magnetization was established, a reliable hyperCEST contrast, exceeding 40% signal reduction, was observed. CONCLUSION A reliable hyperCEST contrast can only be obtained after establishing a steady-state dissolved phase 129 Xe magnetization. Under stable physiological conditions, a steady-state dissolved-phase Xe magnetization is only achieved after a series of Xe inhalations and RF excitations, and it requires synchronization of the breathing rate with the MR acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian T McHugh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America,Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Michele Kelley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America,Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J Bryden
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America,Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Rosa T Branca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America,Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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3
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McHugh CT, Durham PG, Kelley M, Dayton PA, Branca RT. Magnetic Resonance Detection of Gas Microbubbles via HyperCEST: A Path Toward Dual Modality Contrast Agent. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1219-1228. [PMID: 33852753 PMCID: PMC8494452 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gas microbubbles are an established clinical ultrasound contrast agent. They could also become a powerful magnetic resonance (MR) intravascular contrast agent, but their low susceptibility-induced contrast requires high circulating concentrations or the addition of exogenous paramagnetic nanoparticles for MR detection. In order to detect clinical in vivo concentrations of raw microbubbles via MR, an alternative detection scheme must be used. HyperCEST is an NMR technique capable of indirectly detecting signals from very dilute molecules (concentrations well below the NMR detection threshold) that exchange hyperpolarized 129 Xe. Here, we use quantitative hyperCEST to show that microbubbles are very efficient hyperCEST agents. They can accommodate and saturate millions of 129 Xe atoms at a time, allowing for their indirect detection at concentrations as low as 10 femtomolar. The increased MR sensitivity to microbubbles achieved via hyperCEST can bridge the gap for microbubbles to become a dual modality contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian T. McHugh
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Phillip G. Durham
- Department of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, The University of North arolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Michele Kelley
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Paul A. Dayton
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Rosa T. Branca
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Narita H, Catti L, Yoshizawa M. An Aromatic Micelle‐Based Saccharide Cluster with Changeable Fluorescent Color and its Protein Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Narita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Lorenzo Catti
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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Narita H, Catti L, Yoshizawa M. An Aromatic Micelle-Based Saccharide Cluster with Changeable Fluorescent Color and its Protein Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12791-12795. [PMID: 33713537 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To develop a new type of synthetic saccharide clusters with changeable fluorescent colors, we herein designed a multisaccharide-coated aromatic micelle. The new cluster forms in water through the quantitative assembly of bent polyaromatic amphiphiles bearing three mannose groups. The spherical assembly, with a 2 nm-sized polyaromatic core and ca. 18 saccharide pendants, is stable even under high dilution conditions (up to 0.02 mM). The emission intensity and color of the saccharide cluster can be altered from moderate blue (ΦF =19 %) to strong red, orange, and green (ΦF up to 67 %) upon encapsulation of hydrophobic fluorescent dyes in water. Moreover, the present fluorescent clusters, both with and without the dyes, display selective interactions with mannose-binding proteins in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Narita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Lorenzo Catti
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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Das D, Assaf KI, Nau WM. Applications of Cucurbiturils in Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology. Front Chem 2019; 7:619. [PMID: 31572710 PMCID: PMC6753627 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The supramolecular chemistry of cucurbit[n]urils (CBn) has been rapidly developing to encompass diverse medicinal applications, including drug formulation and delivery, controlled drug release, and sensing for bioanalytical purposes. This is made possible by their unique recognition properties and very low cytotoxicity. In this review, we summarize the host-guest complexation of biologically important molecules with CBn, and highlight their implementation in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debapratim Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Khaleel I. Assaf
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Azazna D, Lafosse M, Rivollier J, Wang J, Cheikh IB, Meyer M, Thuéry P, Dognon JP, Huber G, Heck MP. Functionalization of Bambusurils by a Thiol-Ene Click Reaction and a Facile Method for the Preparation of Anion-Free Bambus[6]urils. Chemistry 2018; 24:10793-10801. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Djamille Azazna
- SCBM, CEA; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Marine Lafosse
- SCBM, CEA; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Julie Rivollier
- SCBM, CEA; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Jialan Wang
- SCBM, CEA; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Imen Ben Cheikh
- SCBM, CEA; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Michel Meyer
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, CNRS; Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté; 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870 21078 Dijon cedex France
| | - Pierre Thuéry
- NIMBE, CEA; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | | | - Gaspard Huber
- NIMBE, CEA; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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Senthilnathan D, Solomon RV, Kiruthika S, Venuvanalingam P, Sundararajan M. Are cucurbiturils better drug carriers for bent metallocenes? Insights from theory. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:413-423. [PMID: 29502216 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bent metallocenes (BM) have anti-tumor properties but they face a serious drug efficacy problem due to poor aqueous solubility and rapid hydrolysis under physiological conditions. These two problems can be fixed by encapsulating them in host molecules such as cyclodextrin (CD), cucurbituril (CB) etc. Experimentally, CD-BM, CB-BM host-guest complexes have been investigated to check the efficiency of the drug delivery and efficiency of the encapsulated drug. CB has been reported to be a better host than CD but the reasons for this has not been figured out. This can be done by finding out the mechanism of binding and the nature of the binding forces in both the inclusion complexes. This is exactly done here by performing a DFT study at BP86/TZP level on CB-BM host-guest systems. For comparison CD-BM with β-cyclodextrin as host have been studied. Four BMs (Cp2MCl2, M=Ti, V, Nb, Mo) and their corresponding cations (Cp2MCl+, Cp2M2+) are chosen as guests and they are encapsulated into cucurbit-[6]-uril (CB[6]) and cucurbit-[7]-uril(CB[7]) host systems. Computations reveal that CB[7] accommodates well the BMs over CB[6] due to their larger cavity size and also CB[7] is found to be a better host than β-cyclodextrin. BMs enter vertically rather than horizontally into the CB cavity. The reversible binding of BMs within CB[7] is controlled by various non-bonding interactions and mainly by hydrogen bonding between the portal oxygen atoms and Cp protons as revealed by QTAIM analysis. On the other hand, the interaction between the wall nitrogen atoms in CB[7] and chlorine atoms attached to the metal in BM strengthens the M-Cl bonds that prevents rapid hydrolysis of M-Cl and M-Cp bonds saving the drug. Comparatively, BMs experience less electrostatic attraction and more Pauli repulsion within β-cyclodextrin cavity and this affects the drug binding with CD. This makes β-cyclodextrin a less suitable drug carrier for BMs than CBs. Among the four BMs, niobocene binds strongly and titanocene binds weakly with CBs. EDA clearly shows that all the interactions between the guest and host are non-covalent in nature and electrostatic interactions outperform high-repulsion resulting in stable complexes. Cations form stronger complexes than neutral BMs. FMO analysis reveals that neutral BMs are less reactive compared to their cations and complexes are more reactive in CB[6] environment due to excess strain. QTAIM analysis helps to bring out the newer insights in these types of host-guest systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhurairajan Senthilnathan
- Center for Computational Chemistry, CRD, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, 613403, India.
| | - Rajadurai Vijay Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Madras Christian College (Autonomous), Tambaram East, Chennai, 600 059, India
| | - Shanmugam Kiruthika
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India
| | - Ponnambalam Venuvanalingam
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India
| | - Mahesh Sundararajan
- Theoretical Chemistry Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India
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9
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Cong H, Ni XL, Xiao X, Huang Y, Zhu QJ, Xue SF, Tao Z, Lindoy LF, Wei G. Synthesis and separation of cucurbit[n]urils and their derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:4335-64. [PMID: 26991738 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00268d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbit[n]uril chemistry has become an important part of contemporary supramolecular chemistry since cucurbit[n]urils (Q[n]s) are not only able to encapsulate various guests, but are also capable of coordinating to a wide range of metal ions, leading to the establishment of Q[n]-based host-guest chemistry and coordination chemistry. Each of these impressive developments can be attributed to the growth of protocols for obtaining Q[n]s. In this review, we survey synthetic procedures for obtaining cucurbit[n]urils and their substituted derivatives together with the separation and purification of these remarkable compounds. The coverage is aimed at both existing workers in the field as well as at those requiring an "entry" into Q[n]-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cong
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Xing Long Ni
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Qian-Jiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Sai-Feng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Zhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Leonard F Lindoy
- School of Chemistry, the University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Gang Wei
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, PO Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia.
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Wang XX, Chen K, Shen FF, Wang Y, Zhang YQ, Tao Z, Cong H. Mono-, Di-, and Tri-Hydroxylated Symmetrical Hexamethylcucurbit[3,3]uril and Allylated Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province; Guizhou University; 550025 Guiyang, Guizhou China
| | - Kai Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control; School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology; 210044 Nanjing China
| | - Fang-Fang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province; Guizhou University; 550025 Guiyang, Guizhou China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control; School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology; 210044 Nanjing China
| | - Yun-Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province; Guizhou University; 550025 Guiyang, Guizhou China
| | - Zhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province; Guizhou University; 550025 Guiyang, Guizhou China
| | - Hang Cong
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province; Guizhou University; 550025 Guiyang, Guizhou China
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11
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Development of hydroxylated cucurbit[ n ]urils, their derivatives and potential applications. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Perhydroxycucurbit[6]uril-induced self-assembly of a double-hydrophilic block copolymer in aqueous solution. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-016-0676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Delbianco M, Bharate P, Varela-Aramburu S, Seeberger PH. Carbohydrates in Supramolecular Chemistry. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1693-752. [PMID: 26702928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are involved in a variety of biological processes. The ability of sugars to form a large number of hydrogen bonds has made them important components for supramolecular chemistry. We discuss recent advances in the use of carbohydrates in supramolecular chemistry and reveal that carbohydrates are useful building blocks for the stabilization of complex architectures. Systems are presented according to the scaffold that supports the glyco-conjugate: organic macrocycles, dendrimers, nanomaterials, and polymers are considered. Glyco-conjugates can form host-guest complexes, and can self-assemble by using carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions and other weak interactions such as π-π interactions. Finally, complex supramolecular architectures based on carbohydrate-protein interactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Priya Bharate
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvia Varela-Aramburu
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Shetty D, Khedkar JK, Park KM, Kim K. Can we beat the biotin-avidin pair?: cucurbit[7]uril-based ultrahigh affinity host-guest complexes and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:8747-61. [PMID: 26434388 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00631g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The design of synthetic, monovalent host-guest molecular recognition pairs is still challenging and of particular interest to inquire into the limits of the affinity that can be achieved with designed systems. In this regard, cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), an important member of the host family cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n], n = 5-8, 10, 14), has attracted much attention because of its ability to form ultra-stable complexes with multiple guests. The strong hydrophobic effect between the host cavity and guests, ion-dipole and dipole-dipole interactions of guests with CB portals helps in cooperative and multiple noncovalent interactions that are essential for realizing such strong complexations. These highly selective, strong yet dynamic interactions can be exploited in many applications including affinity chromatography, biomolecule immobilization, protein isolation, biological catalysis, and sensor technologies. In this review, we summarize the progress in the development of high affinity guests for CB[7], factors affecting the stability of complexes, theoretical insights, and the utility of these high affinity pairs in different challenging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Shetty
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Gomez-Roman N, McGregor F, Wheate NJ, Plumb JA. Cucurbit [7] uril encapsulated cisplatin overcomes resistance to cisplatin induced by Rab25 overexpression in an intraperitoneal ovarian cancer model. J Ovarian Res 2015; 8:62. [PMID: 26384969 PMCID: PMC4575495 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-015-0189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the most fatal of gynaecological malignancies, usually detected at a late stage with intraperitoneal dissemination. Appropriate preclinical models are needed that recapitulate both the histopathological and molecular features of human ovarian cancer for drug-efficacy analysis. Methods Longitudinal studies comparing cisplatin performance either alone or in a novel cisplatin-based delivery-system, cucurbit[7]uril-encapsulated cisplatin (cisplatin@CB[7]) were performed on subcutaneous (s.c.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) xenografts using the human ovarian cancer cell line A2780 stably expressing the small GTPase Rab25, which allows A2780 intraperitoneal growth; and luciferase, to allow tumour load measurement by non-invasive bioluminescent imaging. Results Rab25 expression induced cisplatin resistance compared to the parental cell line as assessed by the MTT assay in vitro. These findings did not translate in vivo, where cisplatin resistance was determined by the microenvironment. Subcutaneous xenografts of either parental A2780 or cisplatin-resistant Rab25-expressing A2780 cells presented similar responses to cisplatin treatment. In contrast, increased cisplatin resistance was only detected in i.p. tumours. Treatment of the cisplatin-resistant i.p. model with the novel cisplatin@CB[7] delivery system resulted in a substantial reduction of i.p. tumour load and increased necrosis. Conclusions Poor clinical performance of novel chemotherapeutics might reflect inappropriate preclinical models. Here we present an ovarian i.p. model that recapitulates the histopathological and chemoresistant features of the clinical disease. In addition, we demonstrate that the novel cisplatin-delivery system, cisplatin@CB[7] may have utility in the treatment of drug-resistant ovarian human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividad Gomez-Roman
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, , Scotland, UK.
| | - Fiona McGregor
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, , Scotland, UK.
| | - Nial J Wheate
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Jane A Plumb
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH, , Scotland, UK.
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Kim C, Tonga GY, Yan B, Kim CS, Kim ST, Park MH, Zhu Z, Duncan B, Creran B, Rotello VM. Regulating exocytosis of nanoparticles via host-guest chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:2474-2479. [PMID: 25569869 PMCID: PMC4323993 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02433h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged retention of internalized nanoparticulate systems inside cells improves their efficacy in imaging, drug delivery, and theranostic applications. Especially, regulating exocytosis of the nanoparticles is a key factor in the fabrication of effective nanocarriers for chemotherapeutic treatments but orthogonal control of exocytosis in the cellular environment is a major challenge. Herein, we present the first example of regulating exocytosis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), a model drug carrier, by using a simple host-guest supramolecular system. AuNPs featuring quaternary amine head groups were internalized into the cells through endocytosis. Subsequent in situ treatment of a complementary cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) to the amine head groups resulted in the AuNP-CB[7] complexation inside cells, rendering particle assembly. This complexation induced larger particle assemblies that remained sequestered in the endosomes, inhibiting exocytosis of the particles without any observed cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaekyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Gulen Yesilbag Tonga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Chang Soo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Myoung-Hwan Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Zhengjiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Bradley Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Brian Creran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Yu G, Jie K, Huang F. Supramolecular Amphiphiles Based on Host–Guest Molecular Recognition Motifs. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7240-303. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5005315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 766] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guocan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Kecheng Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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Synthesis of Star Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with a Core of Cucurbit[6]uril via ATRP and Controlled Thermoresponsivity. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 36:311-8. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Tanaka K, Fukase K. Chemical Approach to a Whole Body Imaging of Sialo-N-Linked Glycans. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014; 367:201-30. [PMID: 25971916 DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PET and noninvasive fluorescence imaging of the sialo-N-linked glycan derivatives are described. To establish the efficient labeling protocol for N-glycans and/or glycoconjugates, new labeling probes of fluorescence and ⁶⁸Ga-DOTA, as the positron emission nucleus for PET, through rapid 6π-azaelectrocyclization were designed and synthesized, (E)-ester aldehydes. The high reactivity of these probes enabled the labeling of lysine residues in peptides, proteins, and even amino groups on the cell surfaces at very low concentrations of the target molecules (~10⁻⁸ M) within a short reaction time (~5 min) to result in "selective" and "non-destructive" labeling of the more accessible amines. The first MicroPET of glycoproteins, ⁶⁸Ga-DOTA-orosomucoid and asialoorosomucoid, successfully visualized the differences in the circulatory residence of glycoproteins, in the presence or absence of sialic acids. In vivo dynamics of the new N-glycoclusters, prepared by the "self-activating" Huisgen cycloaddition reaction, could also be affected significantly by their partial structures at the non-reducing end, i.e., the presence or absence of sialic acids, and/or sialoside linkages to galactose. Azaelectrocyclization chemistry is also applicable to the engineering of the proteins and/or the cell surfaces by the oligosaccharides; lymphocytes chemically engineered by sialo-N-glycan successfully target the tumor implanted in BALB/C nude mice, detected by noninvasive fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan,
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Huang X, Hu F, Su H. Facile Syntheses of Cucurbit[6]uril-Anchored Polymers and Their Noncovalent Modification. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400017y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Huang
- School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Fanglin Hu
- School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Haiquan Su
- School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2007-2008. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:183-311. [PMID: 21850673 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fifth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2008. The first section of the review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, use of derivatives and new software developments for analysis of carbohydrate spectra. Among newer areas of method development are glycan arrays, MALDI imaging and the use of ion mobility spectrometry. The second section of the review discusses applications of MALDI MS to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, biopharmaceuticals, glycated proteins, glycolipids, glycosides and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing and a section on the use of MALDI MS to monitor products of the chemical synthesis of carbohydrates with emphasis on carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers. Corresponding analyses by electrospray ionization now appear to outnumber those performed by MALDI and the amount of literature makes a comprehensive review on this technique impractical. However, most of the work relating to sample preparation and glycan synthesis is equally relevant to electrospray and, consequently, those proposing analyses by electrospray should also find material in this review of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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Zhao N, Lloyd GO, Scherman OA. Monofunctionalised cucurbit[6]uril synthesis using imidazolium host-guest complexation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:3070-2. [PMID: 22344235 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17433b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Monohydroxylated cucurbit[6]uril was prepared for the first time through the controlled oxidation of CB[6] in the presence of a tailor-made bisimidazolium guest, as verified by (1)H NMR, ESI-MS and X-ray crystallography. Further chemical modification of monohydroxylated CB[6] was also readily achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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Riela S, Lazzara G, Lo Meo P, Guernelli S, D'Anna F, Milioto S, Noto R. Microwave-assisted synthesis of novel cyclodextrin–cucurbituril complexes. Supramol Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2011.636444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Riela
- a Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari e Biomolecolari (STEMBIO) , University of Palermo , V.le delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, pad. 17, 90128 , Palermo , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lazzara
- b Dipartimento di Chimica “S. Cannizzaro” , University of Palermo , V.le delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, pad. 17, 90128 , Palermo , Italy
| | - Paolo Lo Meo
- a Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari e Biomolecolari (STEMBIO) , University of Palermo , V.le delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, pad. 17, 90128 , Palermo , Italy
| | - Susanna Guernelli
- c Dipartimento di Chimica Organica “A. Mangini” , University of Bologna , Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 , Bologna , Italy
| | - Francesca D'Anna
- a Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari e Biomolecolari (STEMBIO) , University of Palermo , V.le delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, pad. 17, 90128 , Palermo , Italy
| | - Stefania Milioto
- b Dipartimento di Chimica “S. Cannizzaro” , University of Palermo , V.le delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, pad. 17, 90128 , Palermo , Italy
| | - Renato Noto
- a Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari e Biomolecolari (STEMBIO) , University of Palermo , V.le delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, pad. 17, 90128 , Palermo , Italy
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Miller GJ, Gardiner JM. A synthesis of C-glycosidic multivalent mannosides suitable for divergent functionalized conjugation. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Macartney DH. Encapsulation of Drug Molecules by Cucurbiturils: Effects on their Chemical Properties in Aqueous Solution. Isr J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Kim J, Ahn Y, Park KM, Lee DW, Kim K. Glyco-pseudopolyrotaxanes: carbohydrate wheels threaded on a polymer string and their inhibition of bacterial adhesion. Chemistry 2011; 16:12168-73. [PMID: 20859967 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report glyco-pseudopolyrotaxanes composed of cucurbit[6]uril-based mannose wheels (ManCB[6]) threaded on polyviologen (PV), which not only effectively induce bacterial aggregation, but also exhibit high inhibitory activity against bacterial binding to host cells. Three glyco-pseudopolyrotaxanes (1-3), which have 10, 5, and 3 ManCB[6] wheels, respectively, on a PV string, were prepared and characterized. Bacterial aggregation assays and hemagglutination inhibition assays illustrated the specific and multivalent interaction between the glyco-pseudopolyrotaxanes and E. coli ORN178. Compound 3 was especially effective at inducing bacterial aggregation and showed 300 times higher inhibitory potency than monomeric methyl-α-mannoside (Me-αMan) for ORN178-induced hemagglutination. Furthermore, we demonstrated their inhibitory activities for the adhesion of ORN178 bacteria to urinary epithelial cells as a model of urinary tract infection. Our findings suggest that these supramolecular carbohydrate clusters are potentially useful in antiadhesion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyeon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Supramolecules, Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31 Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Tanaka K, Siwu ERO, Minami K, Hasegawa K, Nozaki S, Kanayama Y, Koyama K, Chen WC, Paulson JC, Watanabe Y, Fukase K. Noninvasive imaging of dendrimer-type N-glycan clusters: in vivo dynamics dependence on oligosaccharide structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 49:8195-200. [PMID: 20857462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Miller GJ, Gardiner JM. Adaptable synthesis of C-glycosidic multivalent carbohydrates and succinamide-linked derivatization. Org Lett 2010; 12:5262-5. [PMID: 20961035 DOI: 10.1021/ol102310x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A modular approach to the synthesis of trivalent C-glycosidic carbohydrates is described. The approach is illustrated employing carboxylate-terminated C-glycosidic d-mannose, d-glucose, and d-galactose derivatives with different length C1-linked spacer units and also core units with different length linker units attached. The central core scaffold is additionally functionalized via a succinamide-based, conjugatable linker unit, exemplified in an extended multivalent derivative [31] and a pyrene-bearing fluorsecent-labeled tris-C-mannosyl conjugate [33].
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J Miller
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
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31
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Tanaka K, Siwu ERO, Minami K, Hasegawa K, Nozaki S, Kanayama Y, Koyama K, Chen WC, Paulson JC, Watanabe Y, Fukase K. Noninvasive Imaging of Dendrimer-Type N-Glycan Clusters: In Vivo Dynamics Dependence on Oligosaccharide Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Wheate NJ, Vora V, Anthony NG, McInnes FJ. Host–guest complexes of the antituberculosis drugs pyrazinamide and isoniazid with cucurbit[7]uril. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-010-9795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hettiarachchi G, Nguyen D, Wu J, Lucas D, Ma D, Isaacs L, Briken V. Toxicology and drug delivery by cucurbit[n]uril type molecular containers. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10514. [PMID: 20463906 PMCID: PMC2865549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many drug delivery systems are based on the ability of certain macrocyclic compounds - such as cyclodextrins (CDs) - to act as molecular containers for pharmaceutical agents in water. Indeed beta-CD and its derivatives have been widely used in the formulation of hydrophobic pharmaceuticals despite their poor abilities to act as a molecular container (e.g., weak binding (K(a)<10(4) M(-1)) and their challenges toward chemical functionalization. Cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]) are a class of molecular containers that bind to a variety of cationic and neutral species with high affinity (K(a)>10(4) M(-1)) and therefore show great promise as a drug delivery system. METHODOLOGY In this study we investigated the toxicology, uptake, and bioactivity of two cucurbit[n]urils (CB[5] and CB[7]) and three CB[n]-type containers (Pentamer 1, methyl hexamer 2, and phenyl hexamer 3). All five containers demonstrated high cell tolerance at concentrations of up to 1 mM in cell lines originating from kidney, liver or blood tissue using assays for metabolic activity and cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the CB[7] molecular container was efficiently internalized by macrophages indicating their potential for the intracellular delivery of drugs. Bioactivity assays showed that the first-line tuberculosis drug, ethambutol, was as efficient in treating mycobacteria infected macrophages when loaded into CB[7] as when given in the unbound form. This result suggests that CB[7]-bound drug molecules can be released from the container to find their intracellular target. CONCLUSION Our study reveals very low toxicity of five members of the cucurbit[n]uril family of nanocontainers. It demonstrates the uptake of containers by cells and intracellular release of container-loaded drugs. These results provide initial proof-of-concept towards the use of CB[n] molecular containers as an advanced drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaya Hettiarachchi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Duc Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Derick Lucas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Da Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lyle Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Volker Briken
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
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Gromov SP, Vedernikov AI, Kuz'mina LG, Kondratuk DV, Sazonov SK, Strelenko YA, Alfimov MV, Howard JAK. Photocontrolled Molecular Assembler Based on Cucurbit[8]uril: [2+2]-Autophotocycloaddition of Styryl Dyes in the Solid State and in Water. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Background: Cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]; n = 5, 6, 7, 8 or 10) are a family of macrocycles made from the acid-catalyzed condensation of glycoluril and formaldehyde. Results: The synthesis of CB[n] using microwave radiation has been examined and the effect of acid type, reaction time and temperature on the distribution of products has been determined. Synthesis in HCl yields CB[5], CB[6], CB[7] and CB[8] in 10 min and is most efficient at 160°C. Synthesis in H2SO4yields mostly CB[6] in 3 min and is most efficient at 160°C. Conclusion: Microwave synthesis provides an efficient and cost-effective method for the large-scale production of CB[n] for a range of applications, particularly drug delivery.
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McInnes FJ, Anthony NG, Kennedy AR, Wheate NJ. Solid state stabilisation of the orally delivered drugs atenolol, glibenclamide, memantine and paracetamol through their complexation with cucurbit[7]uril. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:765-73. [PMID: 20135032 DOI: 10.1039/b918372h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of the cardiovascular beta-blocker drug atenolol, the antidiabetic drug glibenclamide, the Alzheimer's NMDA glutamate receptor drug memantine and the analgesic/antipyretic drug paracetamol by cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) has been studied by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry, molecular modelling, fluorescence displacement assays and differential scanning calorimetry. All four drugs form 1 : 1 host-guest complexes with CB[7], but the exchange kinetics and location of the binding is different for each drug. Atenolol is bound over the central phenyl ring with a binding constant of 4.2 x 10(4) M(-1), whereas glibenclamide is bound over the terminal cyclohexyl group with a binding constant of 1.7 x 10(5) M(-1), and memantine is totally bound within the CB[7] cavity. Paracetamol is bound in two locations, over the central phenyl ring and over the methyl group, with the CB[7] molecule shuttling quickly between the two sites. Inclusion by CB[7] was shown by differential scanning calorimetry to physically stabilise all four drugs, which has applications preventing drug degradation and improving drug processing and formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J McInnes
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, John Arbuthnott Building, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, United KingdomG4 0NR
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Abstract
From the authors' opinion, this chapter constitutes a modest extension of the seminal and inspiring contribution of Stowell and Lee on neoglycoconjugates published in this series [C. P. Stowell and Y. C. Lee, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem., 37 (1980) 225-281]. The outstanding progresses achieved since then in the field of the "glycoside cluster effect" has witnessed considerable creativity in the design and synthetic strategies toward a vast array of novel carbohydrate structures and reflects the dynamic activity in the field even since the recent chapter by the Nicotra group in this series [F. Nicotra, L. Cipolla, F. Peri, B. La Ferla, and C. Radaelli, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem., 61 (2007) 353-398]. Beyond the more classical neoglycoproteins and glycopolymers (not covered in this work) a wide range of unprecedented and often artistically beautiful multivalent and monodisperse nanostructures, termed glycodendrimers for the first time in 1993, has been created. This chapter briefly surveys the concept of multivalency involved in carbohydrate-protein interactions. The topic is also discussed in regard to recent steps undertaken in glycobiology toward identification of lead candidates using microarrays and modern analytical tools. A systematic description of glycocluster and glycodendrimer synthesis follows, starting from the simplest architectures and ending in the most complex ones. Presentation of multivalent glycostructures of intermediate size and comprising, calix[n]arene, porphyrin, cyclodextrin, peptide, and carbohydrate scaffolds, has also been intercalated to better appreciate the growing synthetic complexity involved. A subsection describing novel all-carbon-based glycoconjugates such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes is inserted, followed by a promising strategy involving dendrons self-assembling around metal chelates. The chapter then ends with those glycodendrimers that have been prepared using commercially available dendrimers possessing varied functionalities, or systematically synthesized using either divergent or convergent strategies.
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Kim SK, Park KM, Singha K, Kim J, Ahn Y, Kim K, Kim WJ. Galactosylated cucurbituril-inclusion polyplex for hepatocyte-targeted gene delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009; 46:692-4. [PMID: 20087489 DOI: 10.1039/b920753h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The work demonstrates a judicious approach to achieve hepatocyte cell-targeted highly efficient gene delivery by utilizing a supramolecular complex of galactosylated cucurbituril and dextran-spermine conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Kyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, BK21 Program, Polymer Research Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
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Hui JKH, Yu Z, Mirfakhrai T, MacLachlan M. Supramolecular Assembly of Carbohydrate-Functionalized Salphen-Metal Complexes. Chemistry 2009; 15:13456-65. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Khan MSA, Heger D, Necas M, Sindelar V. Remarkable Salt Effect on Stability of Supramolecular Complex between Modified Cucurbit[6]uril and Methylviologen in Aqueous Media. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:11054-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9059906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominik Heger
- Department of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno
| | - Marek Necas
- Department of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno
| | - Vladimir Sindelar
- Department of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno
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Kim Y, Kim H, Ko Y, Selvapalam N, Rekharsky M, Inoue Y, Kim K. Complexation of Aliphatic Ammonium Ions with a Water-Soluble Cucurbit[6]uril Derivative in Pure Water: Isothermal Calorimetric, NMR, and X-ray Crystallographic Study. Chemistry 2009; 15:6143-51. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Jayaraman N. Multivalent ligand presentation as a central concept to study intricate carbohydrate–protein interactions. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:3463-83. [DOI: 10.1039/b815961k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kennedy AR, Florence AJ, McInnes FJ, Wheate NJ. A chemical preformulation study of a host–guest complex of cucurbit[7]uril and a multinuclear platinum agent for enhanced anticancer drug delivery. Dalton Trans 2009:7695-700. [DOI: 10.1039/b907917c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Architectures of Multivalent Glycomimetics for Probing Carbohydrate–Lectin Interactions. GLYCOSCIENCE AND MICROBIAL ADHESION 2009; 288:183-65. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2008_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Huang WH, Zavalij PY, Isaacs L. Folding of long-chain alkanediammonium ions promoted by a cucurbituril derivative. Org Lett 2008; 10:2577-80. [PMID: 18503277 DOI: 10.1021/ol800893n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the isolation and characterization of two top-bottom differentiated CB[n]-type receptors, namely ns-CB[6] and cucurbituril derivative 2, which display diastereoselective recognition toward unsymmetrical guests. Compound 2 also promotes the back-folding of long chain alkanediammonium ions in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Sansone F, Baldini L, Casnati A, Ungaro R. Conformationally Mobile Glucosylthioureidocalix[6]- and Calix[8]arenes: Synthesis, Aggregation and Lectin Binding. Supramol Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270701777344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sansone
- a Università degli Studi, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale , V. le G.P. Usberti 17/A, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Baldini
- a Università degli Studi, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale , V. le G.P. Usberti 17/A, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Casnati
- a Università degli Studi, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale , V. le G.P. Usberti 17/A, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Rocco Ungaro
- a Università degli Studi, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale , V. le G.P. Usberti 17/A, 43100, Parma, Italy
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Neue Mitglieder des Internationalen Beirats: G. Desiraju, D. Gatteschi, K. Kim, S. Withers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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New Members of the International Advisory Board: G. R. Desiraju, D. Gatteschi, K. Kim, S. G. Withers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sleiman M, Varrot A, Raimundo JM, Gingras M, Goekjian PG. Glycosylated asterisks are among the most potent low valency inducers of Concanavalin A aggregation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:6507-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b814816c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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