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Escorihuela J. A Density Functional Theory Study on the Cobalt-Mediated Intramolecular Pauson–Khand Reaction of Enynes Containing a Vinyl Fluoride Moiety. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Co2(CO)8-mediated intramolecular Pauson–Khand reaction (PKR) is an effective method for constructing polycyclic structures. Recently, our group reported a series of this type of reaction involving fluorinated enynes that proceed with reasonable reaction rates and yields. However, mechanistic studies involving these fluorinated derivatives in intramolecular PKR are scarce. In this study, density functional theory calculations are used to clarify the mechanism and reactivity of enynes containing a vinyl fluoride moiety for this reaction. In agreement with previous studies, alkene insertion is considered to be the rate-determining step for the overall Pauson–Khand reaction of enynes containing a vinyl fluoride moiety. The effect of the substituent on the Co2(CO)8-mediated intramolecular Pauson–Khand reaction has also been investigated. When introducing heteroatoms as tethering units, the fluorinated enynes exhibited lower reactivity than the malonate homologues, whereas the use of a sulfur-based tether was unsuccessful. This computational study provides detailed information about the PKR mechanism and transition-state structures, and the results are validated with previous experimental results.
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Wang Y, Liao W, Wang Y, Jiao L, Yu ZX. Mechanism and Stereochemistry of Rhodium-Catalyzed [5 + 2 + 1] Cycloaddition of Ene-Vinylcyclopropanes and Carbon Monoxide Revealed by Visual Kinetic Analysis and Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2624-2636. [PMID: 35130434 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we developed a rhodium-catalyzed [5 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition of ene-vinylcyclopropanes (ene-VCPs) and carbon monoxide to synthesize eight-membered carbocycles. The efficiency of this reaction can be appreciated from its application in the synthesis of several natural products. Herein we report the results of a 15-year investigation into the mechanism of the [5 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition by applying visual kinetic analysis and high-level quantum chemical calculations at the DLPNO-CCSD(T)//BMK level. According to the kinetic measurements, the resting state of the catalyst possesses a dimeric structure (with two rhodium centers) whereas the active catalytic species is monomeric (with one rhodium center). The catalytic cycle consists of cyclopropane cleavage (the turnover-limiting step), alkene insertion, CO insertion, reductive elimination, and catalyst transfer steps. Other reaction pathways have also been considered but then have been ruled out. The steric origin of the diastereoselectivity (cis versus trans) was revealed by comparing the alkene insertion transition states. In addition, how the double-bond configuration of the VCPs (Z versus E) affects the substrate reactivity and the origins of chemoselectivity ([5 + 2 + 1] versus [5 + 2]) were also investigated. The present study will provide assistance in understanding other carbonylative annulations catalyzed by transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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3
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Teng Q, Chen D, Tung CH, Xu Z. Asymmetric synthesis of tricyclic 6,5,5-fused polycycles by desymmetric Pauson-Khand reaction. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01878g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new rhodium(I)-BINAP-catalyzed enantioselective desymmetric Pauson-Khand (PK) reaction of prochiral 1,6-enynes with CO has been developed. Diverse tricyclic 6,5,5-fused bowl type polycycles with three continuous chiral centers were synthesized in...
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4
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Yang P, Zhang Y, Chen M, Zhao Q, Ren ZH, Guan ZH. Rhodium-Catalyzed Enantioselective and Desymmetrizative Pauson-Khand Reaction: Access to Tricyclo[6.2.1.0 4,11]undecenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:9241-9245. [PMID: 34767367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric desymmetrization Pauson-Khand reaction of C4-alkynyl-tethered cyclohexadienones has been developed as a novel strategy for access to fused 6-5-5 tricycles bearing three consecutive stereogenic centers. An array of chiral tricyclo[6.2.1.04,11]undecenes have been synthesized in high yields and enantioselectivities in a single step under mild conditions. This strategy employs readily accessible internal-olefin-containing 1,6-enynes, providing a potentially powerful tool for constructing chiral polycyclic scaffolds of complex molecules containing cyclopentenones and cyclohexenones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University. Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Yaodu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University. Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University. Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Qingyang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University. Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hui Guan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Nature Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University. Xi'an 710127, PR China
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Burrows LC, Jesikiewicz LT, Liu P, Brummond KM. Mechanism and Origins of Enantioselectivity in the Rh(I)-Catalyzed Pauson–Khand Reaction: Comparison of Bidentate and Monodentate Chiral Ligands. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Burrows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Luke T. Jesikiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Kay M. Brummond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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6
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Evolution of Pauson-Khand Reaction: Strategic Applications in Total Syntheses of Architecturally Complex Natural Products (2016–2020). Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-mediated cyclizations are important transformations in a natural product total synthesis. The Pauson-Khand reaction, particularly powerful for establishing cyclopentenone-containing structures, is distinguished as one of the most attractive annulation processes routinely employed in synthesis campaigns. This review covers Co, Rh, and Pd catalyzed Pauson-Khand reaction and summarizes its strategic applications in total syntheses of structurally complex natural products in the last five years. Additionally, the hetero-Pauson-Khand reaction in the synthesis of heterocycles will also be discussed. Focusing on the panorama of organic synthesis, this review highlights the strategically developed Pauson-Khand reaction in fulfilling total synthetic tasks and its synthetic attractiveness is aimed to be illustrated.
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Zhang S, Neumann H, Beller M. Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds by carbonylation reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:3187-3210. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00615j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbonylation reactions represent one of the most important tool box for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds which are key building blocks in organic chemistry. This paper summarizes the most important advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoke Zhang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
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8
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Mu-Hyun (“Mookie”) Baik. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Mu-Hyun (“Mookie”) Baik. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Synthesis of Aromatic Rings Embedded in Polycyclic Scaffolds by Triyne Cycloaddition: Competition between Carbonylative and Non-Carbonylative Pathways. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030595. [PMID: 30736454 PMCID: PMC6384885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycloadditions have emerged as some of the most useful reactions for the formation of polycyclic compounds. The carbonylative cycloaddition of triynes can lead to carbonylative and non-carbonylative competitive pathways, each leading to the formation of an aromatic ring. We report herein the one-pot synthesis of fully- and unsymmetrically-substituted tetracyclic 6,5,7,5-troponic and 6,5,6,5-benzenoid scaffolds using pre-organized triynes showing the competition between these two pathways.
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Huang Z, Huang J, Qu Y, Zhang W, Gong J, Yang Z. Total Syntheses of Crinipellins Enabled by Cobalt‐Mediated and Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Pauson–Khand Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yongzheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Weibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jianxian Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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12
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Huang Z, Huang J, Qu Y, Zhang W, Gong J, Yang Z. Total Syntheses of Crinipellins Enabled by Cobalt‐Mediated and Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Pauson–Khand Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8744-8748. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yongzheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Weibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jianxian Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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13
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Kim Y, Kim ST, Kang D, Sohn TI, Jang E, Baik MH, Hong S. Stereoselective construction of sterically hindered oxaspirocycles via chiral bidentate directing group-mediated C(sp 3)-O bond formation. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1473-1480. [PMID: 29629170 PMCID: PMC5875089 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04691j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic investigation of chiral bidentate auxiliaries has resulted in the discovery of a chiral 2,2-dimethyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)propan-1-amine-derived directing group that enables stereoselective palladium(ii)-catalyzed intramolecular C(sp3)-O bond formation. This new chiral directing group exhibited high reactivity in the activation of methylene C(sp3)-H bonds with excellent levels of stereoselectivity (a diastereomeric ratio of up to 39 : 1), which allowed the construction of a wide range of oxaspirocycles. Mechanistic investigations were also conducted to elucidate the reaction mechanism and understand the origin of the diastereoselectivity. DFT calculations suggest that only modest levels of diastereoselectivity are accomplished at the rate-determining C-H metalation-deprotonation step and the d.r. is further enriched at the reductive elimination step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechan Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon , 34141 , Korea . ;
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Seoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon , 34141 , Korea . ;
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Dahye Kang
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon , 34141 , Korea . ;
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Te-Ik Sohn
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon , 34141 , Korea . ;
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Eunyoung Jang
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon , 34141 , Korea . ;
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon , 34141 , Korea . ;
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon , 34141 , Korea . ;
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
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14
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Coskun D, Tüzün NŞ. A DFT study on the mechanism of Rh-catalyzed competitive 1,2- versus 1,3-acyloxy migration followed by [5+1] and [4+1] cycloadditions of 1,4-enynes with CO. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Burrows LC, Jesikiewicz LT, Lu G, Geib SJ, Liu P, Brummond KM. Computationally Guided Catalyst Design in the Type I Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Pauson-Khand Reaction of Allenyl Acetates. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15022-15032. [PMID: 29022341 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Rh(I)-catalyzed allenic Pauson-Khand reaction (APKR) is an efficient, redox-neutral method of synthesizing α-acyloxy cyclopentenones. An enantioselective APKR could provide access to chiral, nonracemic α-acyloxy and α-hydroxy cyclopentenones and their corresponding redox derivatives, such as thapsigargin, a cytotoxic natural product with potent antitumor activity. Rapid scrambling of axial chirality of allenyl acetates in the presence of Rh(I) catalysts enables the conversion of racemic allene to enantiopure cyclopentenone product in a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DyKAT). A combined experimental and computational approach was taken to develop an effective catalytic system to achieve the asymmetric transformation. The optimization of the denticity, and steric and electronic properties of the ancillary ligand (initially (S)-MonoPhos, 58:42 er), afforded a hemilabile bidentate (S)-MonoPhos-alkene-Rh(I) catalyst that provided α-acyloxy cyclopentenone product in up to 14:86 er. Enantioselectivity of the Rh(I)-(S)-MonoPhos-alkene catalyst was rationalized using ligand-substrate steric interactions and distortion energies in the computed transition states. This asymmetric APKR of allenyl acetates is a rare example of a Type I DyKAT reaction of an allene, the first example of DyKAT in a cyclocarbonylation reaction, and the first catalyst-controlled enantioselective APKR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Burrows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Luke T Jesikiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Steven J Geib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Kay M Brummond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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17
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Park Y, Ahn S, Kang D, Baik MH. Mechanism of Rh-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclizations: Closed versus Open Shell Pathways. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1263-70. [PMID: 27187270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A conceptual theory for analyzing and understanding oxidative addition reactions that form the cornerstone of many transition metal mediated catalytic cycles that activate C-C and C-H bonds, for example, was developed. The cleavage of the σ- or π-bond in the organic substrate can be envisioned to follow a closed or an open shell formalism, which is matched by a corresponding electronic structure at the metal center of the catalyst. Whereas the assignment of one or the other mechanistic scenario appears formal and equivalent at first sight, they should be recognized as different classes of reactions, because they lead to different reaction optimization and control strategies. The closed-shell mechanism involves heterolytic bond cleavages, which give rise to highly localized charges to form at the transition state. In the open-shell pathway, bonds are broken homolytically avoiding localized charges to accumulate on molecular fragments at the transition states. As a result, functional groups with inductive effects may exert a substantial influence on the energies of the intermediate and transition states, whereas no such effect is expected if the mechanism proceeds through the open-shell mechanism. If these functional groups are placed in a way that opens an electronic communication pathway to the molecular sites where charges accumulate, for example, using hyperconjugation, electron donating groups may stabilize a positive charge at that site. An instructive example is discussed, where this stereoelectronic effect allowed for rendering the oxidative addition diastereoselective. No such control is possible, however, when the open-shell reaction pathway is followed, because the inductive effects of functional groups have little to no effect on the stabilities of radical-like substrate states that are encountered when the bonds are broken in a homolytic fashion. Whether the closed-shell or open-shell mechanism for oxidative addition is followed is determined by the ordering of the d-orbital dominated frontier orbitals. If the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is oriented in space in such a way that will give the organic substrate easy access to the valence electron pair, the closed-shell mechanism can be followed. If the shape and orientation of the HOMO is not appropriate, however, an alternative pathway involving singlet excited states of the metal that will invoke the matching radicaloid cleavage of the organic substrate will dominate the oxidative addition. This novel paradigm for formally analyzing and understanding oxidative additions provides a new way of systematically understanding and planning catalytic reactions, as demonstrated by the in silico design of room-temperature Pauson-Khand reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsu Park
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon
Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seihwan Ahn
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon
Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Kang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon
Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon
Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Tap A, Lecourt C, Dhambri S, Arnould M, Galvani G, Nguyen Van Buu O, Jouanneau M, Férézou JP, Ardisson J, Lannou MI, Sorin G. Alkoxyallene-ynes: Selective Preparation of Bicyclo[5.3.0] Ring Systems Including a δ-Alkoxy Cyclopentadienone. Chemistry 2016; 22:4938-44. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Tap
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Unité CNRS UMR 8638 COMÈTE; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 4 avenue de l'observatoire 75270 Paris cedex 06 France
| | - Camille Lecourt
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Unité CNRS UMR 8638 COMÈTE; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 4 avenue de l'observatoire 75270 Paris cedex 06 France
| | - Sabrina Dhambri
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Unité CNRS UMR 8638 COMÈTE; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 4 avenue de l'observatoire 75270 Paris cedex 06 France
| | - Mathieu Arnould
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Unité CNRS UMR 8638 COMÈTE; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 4 avenue de l'observatoire 75270 Paris cedex 06 France
| | - Gilles Galvani
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Unité CNRS UMR 8638 COMÈTE; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 4 avenue de l'observatoire 75270 Paris cedex 06 France
| | - Olivier Nguyen Van Buu
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Unité CNRS UMR 8638 COMÈTE; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 4 avenue de l'observatoire 75270 Paris cedex 06 France
| | - Morgan Jouanneau
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Procédés et Substances Naturelles; ICMMO (CNRS UMR 8182); Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 410; 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Jean-Pierre Férézou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Procédés et Substances Naturelles; ICMMO (CNRS UMR 8182); Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 410; 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Janick Ardisson
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Unité CNRS UMR 8638 COMÈTE; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 4 avenue de l'observatoire 75270 Paris cedex 06 France
| | - Marie-Isabelle Lannou
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Unité CNRS UMR 8638 COMÈTE; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 4 avenue de l'observatoire 75270 Paris cedex 06 France
| | - Geoffroy Sorin
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Unité CNRS UMR 8638 COMÈTE; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 4 avenue de l'observatoire 75270 Paris cedex 06 France
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Crandell DW, Mazumder S, Evans PA, Baik MH. The origin of the ligand-controlled regioselectivity in Rh-catalyzed [(2 + 2) + 2] carbocyclizations: steric vs. stereoelectronic effects. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6896-6900. [PMID: 28757978 PMCID: PMC5510011 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02307f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the reversal of regiochemical outcome of the addition for substituted methyl propiolates in the rhodium-catalyzed [(2 + 2) + 2] carbocyclization with PPh3 and (S)-xyl-binap as ligands is both electronically and sterically controlled.
Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the reversal of regiochemical outcome of the addition for substituted methyl propiolates in the rhodium-catalyzed [(2 + 2) + 2] carbocyclization with PPh3 and (S)-xyl-binap as ligands is both electronically and sterically controlled. For example, the ester functionality polarizes the alkyne π* orbital to favor overlap of the methyl-substituted terminus of the alkyne with the pπ-orbital of the alkenyl fragment of the rhodacycle during alkyne insertion with PPh3 as the ligand. In contrast, the sterically demanding xyl-binap ligand cannot accommodate the analogous alkyne orientation, thereby forcing insertion to occur at the sterically preferred ester terminus, overriding the electronically preferred orientation for alkyne insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Crandell
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. , Bloomington , IN 47405 , USA .
| | - Shivnath Mazumder
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. , Bloomington , IN 47405 , USA .
| | - P Andrew Evans
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , ON K7L 3N6 , Canada .
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. , Bloomington , IN 47405 , USA . .,Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon , 305-701 , South Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon , 305-701 , South Korea
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20
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Cristóbal-Lecina E, Costantino AR, Grabulosa A, Riera A, Verdaguer X. Rhodium-Catalyzed Pauson–Khand Reaction Using a Small-Bite-Angle P-Stereogenic C1-Diphosphine Ligand. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Cristóbal-Lecina
- Institute for
Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of
Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac
10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea R. Costantino
- Institute for
Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of
Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac
10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CONICET,
Argentina, Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR), Departamento
de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Avenida Alem
1253, 8000 Bahía
Blanca, Argentina
| | - Arnald Grabulosa
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1-11, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Riera
- Institute for
Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of
Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac
10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí
i Franquès 1, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Verdaguer
- Institute for
Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of
Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac
10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí
i Franquès 1, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Wei D, Tang M. Mechanisms and stereoselectivities of the Rh(i)-catalyzed carbenoid carbon insertion reaction of benzocyclobutenol with diazoester. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6587-97. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00608b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms and stereoselectivities of a Rh(i)-catalyzed carbenoid carbon insertion reaction of benzocyclobutenol with diazoester have been investigated using the DFT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- PR China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- PR China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- PR China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- PR China
| | - Mingsheng Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center of Computational Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- PR China
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22
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Hong X, Stevens MC, Liu P, Wender PA, Houk KN. Reactivity and chemoselectivity of allenes in Rh(I)-catalyzed intermolecular (5 + 2) cycloadditions with vinylcyclopropanes: allene-mediated rhodacycle formation can poison Rh(I)-catalyzed cycloadditions. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17273-83. [PMID: 25379606 PMCID: PMC4277756 DOI: 10.1021/ja5098308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Allenes are important 2π building blocks in organic synthesis and engage as 2-carbon components in many metal-catalyzed reactions. Wender and co-workers discovered that methyl substituents on the terminal allene double bond counterintuitively change the reactivities of allenes in [Rh(CO)2Cl]2-catalyzed intermolecular (5 + 2) cycloadditions with vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs). More sterically encumbered allenes afford higher cycloadduct yields, and such effects are also observed in other Rh(I)-catalyzed intermolecular cycloadditions. Through density functional theory calculations (B3LYP and M06) and experiment, we explored this enigmatic reactivity and selectivity of allenes in [Rh(CO)2Cl]2-catalyzed intermolecular (5 + 2) cycloadditions with VCPs. The apparent low reactivity of terminally unsubstituted allenes is associated with a competing allene dimerization that irreversibly sequesters rhodium. With terminally substituted allenes, steric repulsion between the terminal substituents significantly increases the barrier of allene dimerization while the barrier of the (5 + 2) cycloaddition is not affected, and thus the cycloaddition prevails. Computation has also revealed the origin of chemoselectivity in (5 + 2) cycloadditions with allene-ynes. Although simple allene and acetylene have similar reaction barriers, intermolecular (5 + 2) cycloadditions of allene-ynes occur exclusively at the terminal allene double bond. The terminal double bond is more reactive due to the enhanced d-π* backdonation. At the same time, insertion of the internal double bond of an allene-yne has a higher barrier as it would break π conjugation. Substituted alkynes are more difficult to insert compared with acetylene, because of the steric repulsion from the additional substituents. This leads to the greater reactivity of the allene double bond relative to the alkynyl group in allene-ynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Matthew C. Stevens
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paul A. Wender
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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23
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Mazumder S, Crandell DW, Lord RL, Baik MH. Switching the Enantioselectivity in Catalytic [4 + 1] Cycloadditions by Changing the Metal Center: Principles of Inverting the Stereochemical Preference of an Asymmetric Catalysis Revealed by DFT Calculations. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9414-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ja503427f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivnath Mazumder
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Douglas W. Crandell
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Richard L. Lord
- Department
of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong-si, 339-700, South Korea
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24
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Shafawati MS, Inagaki F, Kawamura T, Mukai C. Syntheses of 6-8-5 tricyclic ring systems by carbonylative [2+2+1] cycloaddition of bis(allene)s. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Mazumder S, Shang D, Negru DE, Baik MH, Evans PA. Stereoselective Rhodium-Catalyzed [3 + 2 + 1] Carbocyclization of Alkenylidenecyclopropanes with Carbon Monoxide: Theoretical Evidence for a Trimethylenemethane Metallacycle Intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:20569-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ja305467x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivnath Mazumder
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington,
Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Deju Shang
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
| | - Daniela E. Negru
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington,
Indiana 47405, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 208 Seochang, Chochiwon, Chung-nam
339-700, South Korea
| | - P. Andrew Evans
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
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26
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Li Q, Yu ZX. Density Functional Theory Study of the Mechanism of the Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Conjugated Diene Assisted Allylic C–H Bond Activation and Addition to Alkenes Using Ene-2-dienes As Substrates. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300523u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of
Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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27
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Lin M, Kang GY, Guo YA, Yu ZX. Asymmetric Rh(I)-Catalyzed Intramolecular [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of 1-Yne-vinylcyclopropanes for Bicyclo[3.3.0] Compounds with a Chiral Quaternary Carbon Stereocenter and Density Functional Theory Study of the Origins of Enantioselectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:398-405. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2082119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mu Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guan-Yu Kang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi-An Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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28
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Henderson MA, Luo J, Oliver A, McIndoe JS. The Pauson-Khand Reaction: A Gas-Phase and Solution-Phase Examination Using Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200717r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Jingwei Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Allen Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - J. Scott McIndoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
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29
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Turlington M, Pu L. Reverse the Diastereoselectivity of the Rh(I)-Catalyzed Pauson-Khand Cycloaddition. Org Lett 2011; 13:4332-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol201670c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Turlington
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Lin Pu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
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30
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Baik MH, Mazumder S, Ricci P, Sawyer JR, Song YG, Wang H, Evans PA. Computationally designed and experimentally confirmed diastereoselective rhodium-catalyzed Pauson-Khand reaction at room temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:7621-3. [PMID: 21524123 DOI: 10.1021/ja107895g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The computational analysis of the rhodium-catalyzed Pauson-Khand reaction indicates that the key transition state is highly charge-polarized, wherein different diastereoisomers have distinctively different charge polarization patterns. Experimental studies demonstrate that chloro-enynes provide the optimal σ-electron-withdrawing group to promote polarization and thereby reduce the activation barrier to provide a highly diastereoselective reaction at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
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31
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Jiao L, Lin M, Yu ZX. Density functional theory study of the mechanisms and stereochemistry of the Rh(I)-catalyzed intramolecular [3+2] cycloadditions of 1-ene- and 1-yne-vinylcyclopropanes. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 133:447-61. [PMID: 21166424 DOI: 10.1021/ja107396t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms, structures of all stationary points involved, and kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the Rh(I)-catalyzed intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition reactions of 1-ene- and 1-yne-vinylcyclopropanes (1-ene-VCPs and 1-yne-VCPs) have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The computational results showed that the [3+2] reactions of 1-ene/yne-VCPs studied here occur through a catalytic cycle of substrate-catalyst complex formation, cyclopropane cleavage, alkene/alkyne insertion, and reductive elimination. Alkene/alkyne insertion is the rate- and stereoselectivity-determining step of these multistep [3+2] cycloadditions. The experimentally observed high reactivity of 1-yne-VCPs compared to 1-ene-VCPs is well rationalized by the differences of steric effects in the alkyne/alkene insertion transition states. DFT calculations unveiled that the relative orientation of the tethers in the 1-ene/yne-VCPs plays a key role in controlling the stereochemistry of the [3+2] cycloadducts. In addition, DFT calculation results are used to explain why, in some cases, the formation of the β-hydride elimination byproduct can compete with the [3+2] pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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32
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Evans P, Sawyer J, Inglesby P. Regiodivergent Ligand-Controlled Rhodium-Catalyzed [(2+2)+2] Carbocyclization Reactions with Alkyl Substituted Methyl Propiolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:5746-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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33
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Evans P, Sawyer J, Inglesby P. Regiodivergent Ligand-Controlled Rhodium-Catalyzed [(2+2)+2] Carbocyclization Reactions with Alkyl Substituted Methyl Propiolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Park J, Cho Y, Chung Y. Rhodium-Catalyzed Pauson-Khand-Type Reaction Using Alcohol as a Source of Carbon Monoxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Rhodium-Catalyzed Pauson-Khand-Type Reaction Using Alcohol as a Source of Carbon Monoxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:5138-41. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Li C, Zhang H, Feng J, Zhang Y, Wang J. Rh(I)-Catalyzed Carbonylative Carbocyclization of Tethered Ene− and Yne−cyclopropenes. Org Lett 2010; 12:3082-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol101091r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changkun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiajie Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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37
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Huang F, Yao ZK, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Yu ZX. RhI-Catalyzed Two-Component [(5+2)+1] Cycloaddition Approach toward [5-8-5] Ring Systems. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:1555-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang‐Wai Lee
- Open Laboratory of Chirotechnology of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Fuk‐Yee Kwong
- Open Laboratory of Chirotechnology of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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39
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Li W, Yuan W, Shi M, Hernandez E, Li G. Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Ene Reaction of Vinylidenecyclopropanes and Alkenes for the Formation of Bicyclo[5.1.0]octylenes. Org Lett 2009; 12:64-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol902505p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061
| | - Wei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061
| | - Erik Hernandez
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061
| | - Guigen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061
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40
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Kim DE, Kwak J, Kim IS, Jeong N. Kinetic Resolutions by Enantioselective Pauson-Khand-Type Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Hou XL, Yang Z, Yeung KS, Wong HN. Chapter 5.3: Five-Membered Ring Systems: Furans and Benzofurans. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(09)70034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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42
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Fan L, Zhao W, Jiang W, Zhang J. One-Pot Synthesis of Fused Tricyclic Heterocycles with Quaternary Carbon Stereocenter by Sequential Pauson-Khand Reaction and Formal [3+3] Cycloaddition. Chemistry 2008; 14:9139-42. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Pitcock WH, Lord RL, Baik MH. The mechanism of the rhodium(I)-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] carbocyclization reaction of dienes and CO: a computational study. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:5821-30. [PMID: 18380438 DOI: 10.1021/ja800856p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The rhodium(I) catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] carbocyclization of tethered diene-enes to afford substituted hexahydropentalenones with high levels of diastereoselectivity was modeled using density functional theory. Previously, this transformation was observed to be facile, whereas the analogous bis-ene substrate could not be cyclized under any reasonable conditions. To establish a conceptual understanding of the carbocyclization mechanism and to identify the functional role of the diene fragment we analyzed the simulated reaction mechanisms using the two parent systems. We discovered a thus far unrecognized, but intuitively plausible, role of the CO ligand for controlling the electron density at the metal center, which affects the feasibility of oxidative addition and reductive elimination steps that are key components of the mechanism. Our calculations suggest that the diene moiety is unique and required because of its ability to undergo a eta(2)-->eta(4) reorganization allowing for the thermoneutral expulsion of one CO ligand, which in turn generates an electron-rich, coordinatively saturated Rh(I) center that can efficiently promote the oxidative addition with a low barrier. A number of functionalization strategies were considered explicitly to derive a rational plan for optimizing the catalysis and to expose the roles of the different components of the reactant-catalyst complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Pitcock
- Department of Chemistry and School of Informatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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