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Münzfeld L, Gillhuber S, Hauser A, Lebedkin S, Hädinger P, Knöfel ND, Zovko C, Gamer MT, Weigend F, Kappes MM, Roesky PW. Synthesis and properties of cyclic sandwich compounds. Nature 2023; 620:92-96. [PMID: 37532814 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nanometre-scale sandwich complexes assembled from individual building blocks were synthesized. Sandwich complexes, in which a metal ion is π-coordinated by two planar aromatic organic rings belong to the foundations of organometallic chemistry. They have been successfully used in a wide variety of applications ranging from catalysis, synthesis and electrochemistry to nanotechnology, materials science and medicine1,2. Extending the sandwich structural motif leads to linear multidecker compounds, in which aromatic organic rings and metal atoms are arranged in an alternating fashion. However, the extension to a cyclic multidecker scaffold is unprecedented. Here we show the design, synthesis and characterization of an isomorphous series of circular sandwich compounds, for which the term 'cyclocenes' is suggested. These cyclocenes consist of 18 repeating units, forming almost ideally circular, closed rings in the solid state, that can be described by the general formula [cyclo-MII(μ-η8:η8-CotTIPS)]18 (M = Sr, Sm, Eu; CotTIPS = 1,4-(iPr3Si)2C8H62-). Quantum chemical calculations lead to the conclusion that a unique interplay between the ionic metal-to-ligand bonds, the bulkiness of the ligand system and the energy gain on ring closure, which is crucially influenced by dispersion interactions, facilitate the formation of these cyclic systems. Up to now, only linear one-dimensional multidecker sandwich compounds have been investigated for possible applications such as nanowires3-10. This textbook example of cyclic sandwich compounds is expected to open the door for further innovations towards new functional organometallic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Münzfeld
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gillhuber
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Adrian Hauser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Pauline Hädinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nicolai D Knöfel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christina Zovko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael T Gamer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
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2
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Sheppard SA, Bennett TLR, Long NJ. Development and Characterisation of Highly‐Conjugated Functionalised Ferrocenylene Macrocycles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas James Long
- Imperial College of Science Dept. of Chemistry South Kensington SW7 2AZ London UNITED KINGDOM
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3
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Long-distance electronic coupling in diferrocenyl compounds with cross-conjugated germinal -diethynylethene bridges. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Hailes RLN, Oliver AM, Gwyther J, Whittell GR, Manners I. Polyferrocenylsilanes: synthesis, properties, and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:5358-407. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00155f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This comprehensive review covers polyferrocenylsilanes (PFSs), a well-established, readily accessible class of main chain organosilicon metallopolymer. The focus is on the recent advances involving PFS homopolymers and block copolymers and the article covers the synthesis, properties, and applications of these fascinating materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry
- University of Bristol
- Bristol
- UK
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5
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Hadadpour M, Liu Y, Chadha P, Ragogna PJ. Overcoming a Tight Coil To Give a Random “Co” Polymer Derived from a Mixed Sandwich Cobaltocene. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501323q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Hadadpour
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, Chemistry Building, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, Chemistry Building, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Preeti Chadha
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, Chemistry Building, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Paul J. Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, Chemistry Building, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
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6
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Ward J, Al-Alul S, Forbes MW, Burrow TE, Foucher DA. Synthesis and Spectral Electrochemical Properties of a Symmetrical Tin-Bridged [3.3]Ferrocenophane. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om301065q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Ward
- Department of Chemistry and
Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria
Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B-2K3
| | - Saif Al-Alul
- Department of Chemistry and
Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria
Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B-2K3
| | - Matthew W. Forbes
- AIMS Mass Spectrometry Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Timothy E. Burrow
- CSICOMP, The Center for Spectroscopic
Investigation of Complex Organic Molecules and Polymers, Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80
St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Daniel A. Foucher
- Department of Chemistry and
Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria
Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B-2K3
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7
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Bruña S, González-Vadillo AM, Nieto D, Pastor CJ, Cuadrado I. Redox-Active Macrocyclic and Linear Oligo-Carbosiloxanes Prepared via Hydrosilylation from 1,3-Divinyl-1,3-Dimethyl-1,3-Diferrocenyldisiloxane. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202521n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bruña
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid,
Spain
| | - Ana M González-Vadillo
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid,
Spain
| | - Daniel Nieto
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid,
Spain
| | - César J. Pastor
- Servicio Interdepartamental
de Investigación (SIDI), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cuadrado
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid,
Spain
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Bruña S, González-Vadillo AM, Nieto D, Pastor C, Cuadrado I. Vinyl-Functionalized Silanes and Disiloxanes with Electronically Communicated Ferrocenyl Units. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om1002733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - César Pastor
- Laboratorio de Difracción de Rayos X del Servicio Interdepartamental de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 29049, Madrid, Spain
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Herbert DE, Gilroy JB, Chan WY, Chabanne L, Staubitz A, Lough AJ, Manners I. Redox-Active Metallomacrocycles and Cyclic Metallopolymers: Photocontrolled Ring-Opening Oligomerization and Polymerization of Silicon-Bridged [1]Ferrocenophanes Using Substitutionally-Labile Lewis Bases as Initiators. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:14958-68. [DOI: 10.1021/ja904928c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David E. Herbert
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, England, BS8 1TS Department of Chemistry, X-ray Crystallography, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Joe B. Gilroy
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, England, BS8 1TS Department of Chemistry, X-ray Crystallography, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Wing Yan Chan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, England, BS8 1TS Department of Chemistry, X-ray Crystallography, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Laurent Chabanne
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, England, BS8 1TS Department of Chemistry, X-ray Crystallography, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Anne Staubitz
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, England, BS8 1TS Department of Chemistry, X-ray Crystallography, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Alan J. Lough
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, England, BS8 1TS Department of Chemistry, X-ray Crystallography, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, England, BS8 1TS Department of Chemistry, X-ray Crystallography, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
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10
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Jana A, Roesky H, Schulzke C, Döring A. Reactions of Tin(II) Hydride Species with Unsaturated Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:1106-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200805595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Jana A, Roesky H, Schulzke C, Döring A. Reactions of Tin(II) Hydride Species with Unsaturated Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200805595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Tamm M. Synthesis and reactivity of functionalized cycloheptatrienyl-cyclopentadienyl sandwich complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:3089-100. [PMID: 18594712 DOI: 10.1039/b802289e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This feature article provides an overview of the synthesis and reactivity of functionalized cycloheptatrienyl-cyclopentadienyl transition metal sandwich complexes of the type [(eta(7)-C(7)H(7))M(eta(5)-C(5)H(5))] (M = group 4, 5 or 6 metal), which can be used as building blocks for the preparation of metallopolymers and polymetallic complexes. Emphasis is placed on 16-electron group 4 complexes (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) and their reactivity towards sigma-donor/pi-acceptor ligands, which indicates that these complexes bear a close resemblance to Lewis acidic M(+IV) complexes. Based on theoretical calculations, this behavior can be mainly attributed to the strong and appreciably covalent metal-cycloheptatrienyl interaction with the cycloheptatrienyl ring acting more as a -3 ligand than as a +1 ligand in these mixed ring complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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13
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Tezuka Y, Ohtsuka T, Adachi K, Komiya R, Ohno N, Okui N. A Defect-Free
Ring Polymer: Size-Controlled Cyclic Poly(tetrahydrofuran) Consisting Exclusively of the Monomer Unit. Macromol Rapid Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Herbert DE, Tanabe M, Bourke SC, Lough AJ, Manners I. Strain-Controlled, Photochemically, or Thermally Promoted Haptotropic Shifts of Cyclopentadienyl Ligands in Group 8 Metallocenophanes. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:4166-76. [DOI: 10.1021/ja077334+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Ieong NS, Manners I. Photoinduced iron–cyclopentadienyl (Fe–Cp) bond cleavage reactions and photocontrolled polymerizations of strained [1]ferrocenophanes. J Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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