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Yang T, Huang C, Jia J, Wu F, Ni F. A Facile Synthesis of 2-Oxazolines via Dehydrative Cyclization Promoted by Triflic Acid. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249042. [PMID: 36558175 PMCID: PMC9781752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
2-oxazolines are common moieties in numerous natural products, pharmaceuticals, and functional copolymers. Current methods for synthesizing 2-oxazolines mainly rely on stoichiometric dehydration agents or catalytic dehydration promoted by specific catalysts. These conditions either generate stoichiometric amounts of waste or require forcing azeotropic reflux conditions. As such, a practical and robust method that promotes dehydrative cyclization while generating no byproducts would be attractive to oxazoline production. Herein, we report a triflic acid (TfOH)-promoted dehydrative cyclization of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amides for synthesizing 2-oxazolines. This reaction tolerates various functional groups and generates water as the only byproduct. This method affords oxazoline with inversion of α-hydroxyl stereochemistry, suggesting that alcohol is activated as a leaving group under these conditions. Furthermore, the one-pot synthesis protocol of 2-oxazolines directly from carboxylic acids and amino alcohols is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chengjie Huang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jingyang Jia
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (F.N.)
| | - Feng Ni
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (F.N.)
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2
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Huang H, Yang W, Chen Z, Lai Z, Sun J. A mild catalytic synthesis of 2-oxazolines via oxetane ring-opening: rapid access to a diverse family of natural products. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9586-9590. [PMID: 32055332 PMCID: PMC6993743 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03843d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A new catalytic protocol for the expedient synthesis of oxazolines from oxetanes is disclosed. This mild process complements the conventional oxazoline synthesis based on non-catalytic cyclization of β-hydroxy or unsaturated amides. It is also a new addition to the reactivity profile of oxetanes leading to heterocycles. In the presence of In(OTf)3, various 3-amido oxetanes underwent smooth intramolecular cyclization to form the corresponding 2-oxazolines, including some valuable oxazoline-based bidentate ligands. This protocol also provides rapid access to various natural products and antibacterial molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology , School of Petrochemical Engineering , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China .
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Research Institute , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Zuliang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Research Institute , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Zengwei Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Research Institute , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology , School of Petrochemical Engineering , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , China .
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Research Institute , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , China
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3
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Takeda Y, Matsuno T, Sharma AK, Sameera WMC, Minakata S. Asymmetric Synthesis of β
2
‐Aryl Amino Acids through Pd‐Catalyzed Enantiospecific and Regioselective Ring‐Opening Suzuki–Miyaura Arylation of Aziridine‐2‐carboxylates. Chemistry 2019; 25:10226-10231. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Takeda
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University Yamadaoka 2-1 Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsuno
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University Yamadaoka 2-1 Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Akhilesh K. Sharma
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental ChemistryKyoto University Takano-Nishishiraki-cho 34-4 Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8103 Japan
| | - W. M. C. Sameera
- Institute of Low Temperature ScienceHokkaido University Kita-ku, North 19 West 8 Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0819 Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University Yamadaoka 2-1 Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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4
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Chowdhury S, Vaishnav R, Panwar N, Haq W. Regioselective β-Csp 3-Arylation of β-Alanine: An Approach for the Exclusive Synthesis of Diverse β-Aryl-β-amino Acids. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2512-2522. [PMID: 30714366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An approach for the synthesis of a variety of new β-aryl-β-amino acids has been developed via a palladium-catalyzed auxiliary-directed regioselective Csp3-H arylation of the unactivated β-methylene bond of β-alanine. The use of 8-aminoquinoline amide as an auxiliary efficiently directs the desired regioselective β-Csp3-H functionalization. The developed protocol enables the easy and straightforward access to several high-value β-aryl-β-amino acids useful for peptide engineering, starting from inexpensive and readily available β-alanine precursors in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushobhan Chowdhury
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow - 226031 , India
| | - Roopal Vaishnav
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow - 226031 , India
| | - Namita Panwar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow - 226031 , India
| | - Wahajul Haq
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow - 226031 , India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , New Delhi 11000 , India
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5
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Jiang J, Rajendiran S, Yoon S. Double Ring-Expanding Carbonylation Using an In Situ Generated Aluminum Phthalocyanine Cobalt Carbonyl Complex. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kookmin University Jeongneung-dong, Seongbuk-gu; Seoul 02707 Korea
| | - Senkuttuvan Rajendiran
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kookmin University Jeongneung-dong, Seongbuk-gu; Seoul 02707 Korea
| | - Sungho Yoon
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kookmin University Jeongneung-dong, Seongbuk-gu; Seoul 02707 Korea
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6
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Peng JB, Wu FP, Wu XF. First-Row Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Carbonylative Transformations of Carbon Electrophiles. Chem Rev 2018; 119:2090-2127. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Bao Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Peng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People’s Republic of China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
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7
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Sharma A, Mori T, Mahnen CJ, Everson HR, Leslie MT, Nielsen AD, Lussier L, Zhu C, Malcuit C, Hegmann T, McDonough JA, Freeman EJ, Korley LTJ, Clements RJ, Hegmann E. Effects of Structural Variations on the Cellular Response and Mechanical Properties of Biocompatible, Biodegradable, and Porous Smectic Liquid Crystal Elastomers. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Sharma
- Liquid Crystal Institute (LCI) Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program (CPIP) Kent State University Kent OH 44242‐0001 USA
| | - Taizo Mori
- Liquid Crystal Institute (LCI) Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program (CPIP) Kent State University Kent OH 44242‐0001 USA
| | - Cory J. Mahnen
- Liquid Crystal Institute (LCI) Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program (CPIP) Kent State University Kent OH 44242‐0001 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent OH 44242‐0001 USA
| | - Heather R. Everson
- Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent OH 44242‐0001 USA
| | - Michelle T. Leslie
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Department Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106‐7202 USA
| | - Alek d. Nielsen
- Liquid Crystal Institute (LCI) Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program (CPIP) Kent State University Kent OH 44242‐0001 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent OH 44242‐0001 USA
| | - Laurent Lussier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Kent State University Kent OH 44242‐0001 USA
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Christopher Malcuit
- Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent OH 44242‐0001 USA
| | - Torsten Hegmann
- Liquid Crystal Institute (LCI) Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program (CPIP) Kent State University Kent OH 44242‐0001 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Kent State University Kent OH 44242‐0001 USA
| | | | - Ernest J. Freeman
- Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent OH 44242‐0001 USA
| | - LaShanda T. J. Korley
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Department Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106‐7202 USA
| | - Robert J. Clements
- Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent OH 44242‐0001 USA
| | - Elda Hegmann
- Liquid Crystal Institute (LCI) Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program (CPIP) Kent State University Kent OH 44242‐0001 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences Kent State University Kent OH 44242‐0001 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Kent State University Kent OH 44242‐0001 USA
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8
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Chu WY, Gilbert-Wilson R, Rauchfuss TB, van Gastel M, Neese F. Cobalt Phosphino-α-Iminopyridine-Catalyzed Hydrofunctionalization of Alkenes: Catalyst Development and Mechanistic Analysis. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yi Chu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ryan Gilbert-Wilson
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Thomas B. Rauchfuss
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Maurice van Gastel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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9
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Liu L, Sun H. [HCo(CO)4]-Catalyzed Three-component Cycloaddition of Epoxides, Imines, and Carbon Monoxide: Facile Construction of 1,3-Oxazinan-4-ones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9865-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Liu L, Sun H. [HCo(CO)4]-Catalyzed Three-component Cycloaddition of Epoxides, Imines, and Carbon Monoxide: Facile Construction of 1,3-Oxazinan-4-ones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Rajagopal B, Chen YY, Chen CC, Liu XY, Wang HR, Lin PC. Cu(I)-catalyzed synthesis of dihydropyrimidin-4-ones toward the preparation of β- and β3-amino acid analogues. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1254-64. [PMID: 24417351 DOI: 10.1021/jo402670d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A copper(I)-catalyzed synthesis of substituted dihydropyrimidin-4-ones from propargyl amides via the formation of ketenimine intermediate has been successfully developed; the synthesis afforded good isolated yields (80-95%). The mild reaction conditions at room temperature allow the reaction to proceed to completion in a few hours without altering the stereochemistry. Further, by involving a variety of reactive nucleophiles, the obtained substituted dihydropyrimidin-4-ones were elegantly transformed into the corresponding β- and β(3)-amino acid analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basker Rajagopal
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University , Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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12
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Yu J, Lin F, Lin P, Gao Y, Becker ML. Phenylalanine-Based Poly(ester urea): Synthesis, Characterization, and in vitro Degradation. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401752b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yu
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Fei Lin
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Panpan Lin
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Yaohua Gao
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Matthew L. Becker
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
- Austen Bioinnovation Institute in Akron, Akron, Ohio 44308, United States
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13
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14
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Angelini T, Bonollo S, Lanari D, Pizzo F, Vaccaro L. A Protocol for Accessing the β-Azidation of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2012; 14:4610-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol302069h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Angelini
- Laboratory of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry, CEMIN - Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, Perugia, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Bonollo
- Laboratory of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry, CEMIN - Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, Perugia, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Lanari
- Laboratory of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry, CEMIN - Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, Perugia, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Pizzo
- Laboratory of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry, CEMIN - Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, Perugia, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Vaccaro
- Laboratory of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry, CEMIN - Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, Perugia, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo, 06123, Perugia, Italy
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mulzer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Geoffrey W. Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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16
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Temperini A, Capperucci A, Degl’Innocenti A, Terlizzi R, Tiecco M. A reasonably stereospecific multistep conversion of Boc-protected α-amino acids to Phth-protected β3-amino acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.05.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Sleebs BE, Van Nguyen TT, Hughes AB. Recent Advances in Stereoselective Synthesis and Application of β-Amino Acids. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940903376028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brad E. Sleebs
- a Department of Chemistry , La Trobe University , Victoria, 3086, Australia
- b The Walter and Elisa Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville , Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - T. T. Van Nguyen
- a Department of Chemistry , La Trobe University , Victoria, 3086, Australia
- b The Walter and Elisa Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville , Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew B. Hughes
- a Department of Chemistry , La Trobe University , Victoria, 3086, Australia
- b The Walter and Elisa Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville , Victoria, 3052, Australia
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18
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Laitar DS, Kramer JW, Whiting BT, Lobkovsky EB, Coates GW. Beta-amidoaldehydes via oxazoline hydroformylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5704-6. [PMID: 19774242 DOI: 10.1039/b913698c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
4-Substituted oxazolines, which are readily synthesized from naturally occurring alpha-amino acids, are converted efficiently and stereospecifically to beta-amidoaldehydes in the presence of synthesis gas and catalytic dicobalt octacarbonyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Laitar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1301, USA
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19
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Temperini A, Terlizzi R, Testaferri L, Tiecco M. Stereospecific Synthesis of β3-Amino Acid Derivatives from Propargylic Alcohols: Efficient Solution-Phase Synthesis of Oligopeptides without Coupling Agents. Chemistry 2009; 15:7883-7895. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Grüne Chemie: G. W. Coates geehrt / Polymere: Preis für B. D. Freeman / Organische Chemie: B. M. Stoltz ausgezeichnet. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Green Chemistry: G. W. Coates Honored / Polymers: Prize for B. D. Freeman / Organic Chemistry: B. M. Stoltz Awarded. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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