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Dawood Salman A, Alardhi SM, AlJaberi FY, Jalhoom MG, Le PC, Al-Humairi ST, Adelikhah M, Miklós Jakab, Farkas G, Abdulhady Jaber A. Defining the optimal conditions using FFNNs and NARX neural networks for modelling the extraction of Sc from aqueous solution by Cryptand-2.2.1 and Cryptand-2.1.1. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21041. [PMID: 37928005 PMCID: PMC10623173 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this study is to figure out how well cryptand-2.2.1 (C 2.2.1) and cryptand-2.1.1 (C 2.1.1) macrocyclic compounds (MCs) work as novel extractants for scandium (Sc) by using an artificial neural network (ANN) models in MATLAB software. Moreover, C2.2.1 and C2.1.1 have never been evaluated to recover Sc. The independent variables impacting the extraction process (concentration of MC, concentration of Sc, pH, and time), and a nonlinear autoregressive network with exogenous input (NARX) and feed-forward neural network (FFNN) models were used to estimate their optimum values. The greatest obstacle in the selective recovery process of the REEs is the similarity in their physicochemical properties, specifically their ionic radius. The recovery of Sc from the aqueous solution was experimentally evaluated, then the non-linear relationship between those parameters was predictively modeled using (NARX) and (FFNN). To confirm the extraction and stripping efficiency, an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was employed. The results of the extraction investigations show that, for the best conditions of 0.008 mol/L MC concentration, 10 min of contact time, pH 2 of the aqueous solution, and 75 mg/L Sc initial concentration, respectively, the C 2.1.1 and C 2.2.1 extractants may reach 99 % of Sc extraction efficiency. Sc was recovered from a multi-element solution of scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), and lanthanum (La) under these circumstances. Whereas, at a concentration of 0.3 mol/L of hydrochloric acid, the extraction of Sc was 99 %, as opposed to Y 10 % and La 7 %. The Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm had the best training performance with an mean-squared-error, MSE, of 5.232x10-6 and 6.1387x10-5 for C 2.2.1 and C 2.1.1 respectively. The optimized FFNN architecture of 4-10-1 was constructed for modeling recovery of Sc. The extraction process was well modeled by the FFNN with an R2 of 0.999 for the two MC, indicating that the observed Sc recovery efficiency consistent with the predicted one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dawood Salman
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, H-8200 Veszprem, Hungary
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Refining Engineering, College of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basra University for Oil and Gas, Iraq
| | - Saja Mohsen Alardhi
- Nanotechnology and advanced material research center, University of Technology- Iraq
| | - Forat Yasir AlJaberi
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Muthanna University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq
| | - Moayyed G. Jalhoom
- Nanotechnology and advanced material research center, University of Technology- Iraq
| | - Phuoc-Cuong Le
- The University of Danang,University of Science and Technology, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| | | | - Mohammademad Adelikhah
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, Research Centre for Biochemical, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprem, Hungary
| | - Miklós Jakab
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8201 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Gergely Farkas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Pannonia, H-8201 Veszprém, P. O. Box 158, Hungary
| | - Alaa Abdulhady Jaber
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology - Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
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Alibrandi G, Amendola V, Bergamaschi G, Fabbrizzi L, Licchelli M. Bistren cryptands and cryptates: versatile receptors for anion inclusion and recognition in water. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3510-24. [PMID: 25645726 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02618g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bistren cryptands can be easily synthesised through the Schiff base condensation of two molecules of tren and three molecules of a dialdehyde, followed by hydrogenation of the six C=N double bonds to give octamine cages, whose ellipsoidal cavity can be varied at will, by choosing the appropriate dialdehyde, in order to include substrates of varying sizes and shapes. Bistrens can operate as effective anion receptors in two ways: (i) in their protonated form, providing six secondary ammonium groups capable of establishing hydrogen bonding interactions with the anion; (ii) as dicopper(II) cryptates, in which the two coordinatively unsaturated metal centres can be bridged by an ambidentate anion. Representative examples of the two approaches, as well as the design of an anion molecular dispenser, in which a dicopper(II) bistren cryptate acts as a bottle will be illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Alibrandi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Villaggio S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Abstract
This paper proposes a new type of molecular device that is able to act as an inverse proton sponge to slowly decrease the pH inside a reaction vessel. This makes the automatic monitoring of the concentration of pH-sensitive systems possible. The device is a composite formed of an alkyl chloride, which kinetically produces acidity, and a buffer that thermodynamically modulates the variation in pH value. Profiles of pH versus time (pH-t plots) have been generated under various experimental conditions by computer simulation, and the device has been tested by carrying out automatic spectrophotometric titrations, without using an autoburette. To underline the wide variety of possible applications, this new system has been used to realize and monitor HCl uptake by a di-copper(II) bistren complex in a single run, in a completely automatic experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Alibrandi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Villaggio S. Agata, 98166 Messina (Italy).
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Alibrandi G, Lister DG, Lo Vecchio C, Maeder M. [1.1.1]Cryptand: directions for its use as a variable-pH kinetic molecular device. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01215h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Alibrandi G, Amendola V, Bergamaschi G, Dollenz R, Fabbrizzi L, Licchelli M, Lo Vecchio C. An Automatic Molecular Dispenser of Chloride. Chemistry 2013; 19:3729-34. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Alibrandi G, Arena CG, Lando G, Lo Vecchio C, Parisi MF. {[1.1.1]Cryptand/imidazole}: a prototype composite kinetic molecular device for automatic NMR variable pH reaction monitoring. Chemistry 2011; 17:1419-22. [PMID: 21268141 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Alibrandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Analitica e Chimica Fisica-Facoltà di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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Alibrandi G, Lo Vecchio C, Villari A, Villari I. Molecular apparatus for automatic titrations. Chemistry 2010; 16:7700-3. [PMID: 20533470 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Alibrandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Analitica e Chimica Fisica-Facoltà di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali, Università di Messina-Salita Sperone 31, Villaggio S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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Gattuso G, Notti A, Parisi M, Pisagatti I, Amato M, Pappalardo A, Pappalardo S. Threading the Calix[5]arene Annulus. Chemistry 2010; 16:2381-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Latypov SK, Kozlov AV, Hey-Hawkins E, Balueva AS, Karasik AA, Sinyashin OG. Structure, Conformation, and Dynamics of P,N-Containing Cyclophanes in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:2588-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jp908052f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shamil K. Latypov
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Artem V. Kozlov
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna S. Balueva
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrey A. Karasik
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oleg G. Sinyashin
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Alibrandi G, Lister DG, Lo Vecchio C. Towards molecular temperature programmers for variable-temperature kinetic experiments. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:3209-11. [PMID: 19830770 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Alibrandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Analitica e Chimica Fisica, Università di Messina, Salita Sperone 31, Villaggio S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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Alibrandi G, Lo Vecchio C, Lando G. [1.1.1]Cryptand: A Molecular Automatic Titrator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:6332-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Alibrandi G, Lo Vecchio C, Lando G. [1.1.1]Cryptand: A Molecular Automatic Titrator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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