1
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Cannon JS. A Nitrone Dipolar Cycloaddition Strategy toward an Enantioselective Synthesis of Massadine. Org Lett 2018; 20:3883-3887. [PMID: 29897770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective route to the C,D-bicycle of massadine is reported. Enantiopure intermediates were generated by a single stereoselective reduction using the Corey-Bakshi-Shibata reagent. This initial stereoinduction was translated into the five contiguous stereocenters of the massadine D-ring by a synthetic route that features a diastereoselective and stereospecific Ireland-Claisen rearrangement of a trianionic enolate followed by a diastereoselective nitrone dipolar cycloaddition of a highly electron-poor oxime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Cannon
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
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2
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Rapid access to the core skeleton of the [3 + 2]-type dimeric pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids by triplet ketone-mediated C-H functionalization. Tetrahedron 2018; 74:769-772. [PMID: 29622843 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability of triplet ketones to abstract a hydrogen atom from hydrocarbons is reminiscent of that of the high-spin metal-oxo complexes in C-H oxidation enzymes. In practice, the reactivity of triplet ketones is easier to control and applicable to promoting a wider range of reactions. We demonstrate herein the synthetic utility of triplet ketone-mediated C-addition of methanol to cyclopentenone derivatives with an expedient synthesis of the core skeleton of the [3+2]-type dimeric pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids. Remarkably, this photochemical C-H functionalization reaction is highly regioselective and can tolerate a good range of functional groups.
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3
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Wang QD, Yang JM, Zhou B, Fang D, Ren J, Zeng BB. Highly Regioselective Debus-Radziszewski Reaction of C-3 Indole-Substituted 1,2-Diketones: Facile Synthesis of 3-(1,2,4-Triaryl-1 H
-imidazol-5-yl)-indoles. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Dong Wang
- School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 PR China
- School of Pharmacy; Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng; Jiangsu 224051 PR China
| | - Jin-Ming Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng; Jiangsu 224051 PR China
| | - Bin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 PR China
| | - Dong Fang
- School of Pharmacy; Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng; Jiangsu 224051 PR China
| | - Jiangmeng Ren
- School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 PR China
| | - Bu-Bing Zeng
- School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 PR China
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4
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Ma Z, You L, Chen C. Stereocontrolled Formation of a [4.4]Heterospiro Ring System with Unexpected Inversion of Configuration at the Spirocenter. J Org Chem 2017; 82:731-736. [PMID: 27933858 PMCID: PMC5527678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective construction of the 1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane core skeleton of massadine and related dimeric pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids is a synthetic challenge. We describe herein the synthesis of all C13/14 diastereomers of this spiro molecule through controlled oxidation and epimerization of the C13 spirocenter under mild acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin You
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Chuo Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
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5
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Lindel T. Chemistry and Biology of the Pyrrole–Imidazole Alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2017; 77:117-219. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Ma Z, Wang X, Ma Y, Chen C. Asymmetric Synthesis of Axinellamines A and B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4763-6. [PMID: 27037993 PMCID: PMC4836294 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Axinellamines A and B are broad-spectrum antibacterial pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids that have a complex polycyclic skeleton. A new asymmetric synthesis of these marine sponge metabolites is described herein, featuring an oxidative rearrangement and an anchimeric chlorination reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yuyong Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chuo Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Biochemistry The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas TX 75390 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Yuyong Ma
- Department of Biochemistry The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas TX 75390 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Chuo Chen
- Department of Biochemistry The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas TX 75390 USA
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8
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Wang X, Gao Y, Ma Z, Rodriguez RA, Yu ZX, Chen C. Syntheses of Sceptrins and Nakamuric Acid and Insights into the Biosyntheses of Pyrrole-Imidazole Dimers. Org Chem Front 2015; 2:978-984. [PMID: 26328059 PMCID: PMC4551504 DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00165j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sceptrins and nakamuric acid are structurally unique antibiotics isolated from marine sponges. Recent studies suggest that the biosynthesis of these dimeric pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids involves a single-electron transfer (SET)-promoted [2+2] cycloaddition to form their cyclobutane core skeletons. We describe herein the biomimetic syntheses of racemic sceptrin and nakamuric acid. We also report the asymmetric syntheses of sceptrin, bromosceptrin, and dibromosceptrin in their natural enantiomeric form. We further provide mechanistic insights into the pathway selectivity of the SET-promoted [2+2] and [4+2] cycloadditions that lead to the divergent formation of the sceptrin and ageliferin core skeletons. Both the [2+2] and [4+2] cycloadditions are stepwise reactions, with the [2+2] pathway kinetically and thermodynamically favored over the [4+2] pathway. For the [2+2] cycloaddition, the dimerization of pyrrole-imidazole monomers is rate-limiting, whereas for the [4+2] cycloaddition, the cyclization is the slowest step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China ; Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Hubei, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rodrigo A Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chuo Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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9
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Abstract
Naturally occurring guanidine derivatives frequently display medicinally useful properties. Among them, the higher order pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids, the dragmacidins, the crambescidins/batzelladines, and the saxitoxins/tetradotoxins have stimulated the development of many new synthetic methods over the past decades. We provide here an overview of the syntheses of these cyclic guanidine-containing natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyong Ma
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, U T Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Saptarshi De
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, U T Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Chuo Chen
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, U T Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
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10
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Wang X, Ma Z, Wang X, De S, Ma Y, Chen C. Dimeric pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids: synthetic approaches and biosynthetic hypotheses. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:8628-39. [PMID: 24828265 PMCID: PMC4096073 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02290d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids are a group of structurally unique and biologically interesting marine sponge metabolites. Among them, the cyclic dimers have caught synthetic chemists' attention particularly. Numerous synthetic strategies have been developed and various biosynthetic hypotheses have been proposed for these fascinating natural products. We discuss herein the synthetic approaches and the biosynthetic insights obtained from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, USA.
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11
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Rasapalli S, Kumbam V, Dhawane AN, Golen JA, Lovely CJ, Rheingold AL. Total syntheses of oroidin, hymenidin and clathrodin. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4133-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40668g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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Wang X, Wang X, Tan X, Lu J, Cormier KW, Ma Z, Chen C. A biomimetic route for construction of the [4+2] and [3+2] core skeletons of dimeric pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids and asymmetric synthesis of ageliferins. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18834-42. [PMID: 23072663 DOI: 10.1021/ja309172t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids have fascinated chemists for decades because of their unique structures. The high nitrogen and halogen contents and the densely functionalized skeletons make their laboratory synthesis challenging. We describe herein an oxidative method for accessing the core skeletons of two classes of pyrrole-imidazole dimers. This synthetic strategy was inspired by the putative biosynthesis pathways and its development was facilitated by computational studies. Using this method, we have successfully prepared ageliferin, bromoageliferin, and dibromoageliferin in their natural enantiomeric form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390-9038, United States
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13
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Fukahori Y, Takayama Y, Imaoka T, Iwamoto O, Nagasawa K. Intramolecular 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition-Mediated Stereoselective Synthesis of Disubstituted Cyclopentane: A Simple Model for the Cyclopentane Ring System of Polycyclic Oroidine Alkaloids. Chem Asian J 2012; 8:244-50. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Muñoz J, Moriou C, Gallard JF, Marie PD, Al-Mourabit A. Donnazoles A and B from Axinella donnani sponge: very close derivatives from the postulated intermediate ‘pre-axinellamine’. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Abstract
The 1,2-diamine moiety is a ubiquitous structural motif present in a wealth of natural products, including non-proteinogenic amino acids and numerous alkaloids, as well as in pharmaceutical agents, chiral ligands and organic reagents. The biological activity associated with many of these systems and their chemical utility in general has ensured that the development of methods for their preparation is of critical importance. While a wide range of strategies for the preparation of 1,2-diamines have been established, the diamination of alkenes offers a particularly direct and efficient means of accessing these systems. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of all methods of direct alkene diamination, metal-mediated or otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam de Jong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607-7061 USA
| | - Daniel G. Nosal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607-7061 USA
| | - Duncan J. Wardrop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607-7061 USA
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16
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Abstract
We describe herein an asymmetric synthesis of ageliferin. A Mn(III)-mediated oxidative radical cyclization reaction was used as the key step to construct the core skeleton of this pyrrole-imidazole dimer. This approach resembles the biogenic [4 + 2] dimerization in an intramolecular fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
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17
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Al-Mourabit A, Zancanella MA, Tilvi S, Romo D. Biosynthesis, asymmetric synthesis, and pharmacology, including cellular targets, of the pyrrole-2-aminoimidazole marine alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:1229-60. [PMID: 21556392 PMCID: PMC5596510 DOI: 10.1039/c0np00013b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The pyrrole-2-aminoimidazole (P-2-AI) alkaloids are a growing family of marine alkaloids, now numbering well over 150 members, with high topographical and biological information content. Their intriguing structural complexity, rich and compact stereochemical content, high N to C ratio (~1 : 2), and increasingly studied biological activities are attracting a growing number of researchers from numerous disciplines world-wide. This review surveys advances in this area with a focus on the structural diversity, biosynthetic hypotheses with increasing, but still rare, verifying experimental studies, asymmetric syntheses, and biological studies, including cellular target receptor isolation studies, of this stimulating and exciting alkaloid family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Mourabit
- Centre de Recherche de Gif-sur-Yvette, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Supriya Tilvi
- Bio-organic Chemistry laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India, 403 004
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M Universtiy College Station, TX 77842-3012
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18
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He Y, Krishnamoorthy P, Lima HM, Chen Y, Wu H, Sivappa R, Dias HVR, Lovely CJ. Intramolecular Diels–Alder chemistry of 4-vinylimidazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:2685-701. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00657b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Abstract
The ocean contains a host of macroscopic life in a great microbial soup. Unlike the terrestrial environment, an aqueous environment provides perpetual propinquity and blurs spatial distinctions. Marine organisms are under a persistent threat of infection by resident pathogenic microbes including bacteria, and in response they have engineered complex organic compounds with antibacterial activity from a diverse set of biological precursors. The diluting effect of the ocean drives the construction of potent molecules that are stable to harsh salty conditions. Members of each class of metabolite-ribosomal and non-ribosomal peptides, alkaloids, polyketides, and terpenes-have been shown to exhibit antibacterial activity. The sophistication and diversity of these metabolites points to the ingenuity and flexibility of biosynthetic processes in Nature. Compared with their terrestrial counterparts, antibacterial marine natural products have received much less attention. Thus, a concerted effort to discover new antibacterials from marine sources has the potential to contribute significantly to the treatment of the ever increasing drug-resistant infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chambers C. Hughes
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, CA 92093-0204 (USA)
| | - William Fenical
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, CA 92093-0204 (USA)
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Ma Z, Lu J, Wang X, Chen C. Revisiting the Kinnel-Scheuer hypothesis for the biosynthesis of palau'amine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 47:427-9. [PMID: 20848010 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02214d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We propose herein an alternative biosynthetic pathway for palau'amine in order to resolve the stereochemical issue from the original Kinnel-Scheuer hypothesis. Furthermore, we use this revised hypothesis as a guide toward the laboratory synthesis of palau'amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Gaich
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, 92037 La Jolla, California
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, 92037 La Jolla, California
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23
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Jessen HJ, Gademann K. Total Synthesis of the Marine Alkaloid Palau’amine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:2972-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Seiple IB, Su S, Young IS, Lewis CA, Yamaguchi J, Baran PS. Total synthesis of palau'amine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:1095-8. [PMID: 20041464 PMCID: PMC3367661 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200907112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian S. Young
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10650 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-784-7375
| | - Chad A. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10650 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-784-7375
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10650 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-784-7375
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10650 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-784-7375
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Abstract
Simple total syntheses of two Leucetta-derived marine alkaloids have been developed using position specific halogen-metal exchange of polyhaloimidazoles to introduce the benzyl substituted sidechains. Introduction of the C2 amine group by lithiation and trapping with tosyl azide provides amines on catalytic hydrogenation, which can be converted to naamidine G and 14-methoxynaamidine G using a procedure described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panduka B. Koswatta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington TX 76019-0065
| | - Carl J. Lovely
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington TX 76019-0065
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J. Lovely C, Sivappa R, Mukherjee S, Doundoulakis T, M. Lima H, Yousufuddin M. Efficient Preparation of Urocanic Acid Derivatives from Histidine. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/com-09-s(s)127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Berlinck RGS, Burtoloso ACB, Trindade-Silva AE, Romminger S, Morais RP, Bandeira K, Mizuno CM. The chemistry and biology of organic guanidine derivatives. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1871-907. [DOI: 10.1039/c0np00016g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Seiple I, Su S, Young I, Lewis C, Yamaguchi J, Baran P. Total Synthesis of Palau’amine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200907112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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A submarine journey: the pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids. Mar Drugs 2009; 7:705-53. [PMID: 20098608 PMCID: PMC2810223 DOI: 10.3390/md7040705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In his most celebrated tale "The Picture of Dorian Gray", Oscar Wilde stated that "those who go beneath the surface do so at their peril". This sentence could be a prophetical warning for the practitioner who voluntarily challenges himself with trying to synthesize marine sponge-deriving pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids. This now nearly triple-digit membered community has been growing exponentially in the last 20 years, both in terms of new representatives and topological complexity--from simple, achiral oroidin to the breathtaking 12-ring stylissadines A and B, each possessing 16 stereocenters. While the biosynthesis and the role in the sponge economy of most of these alkaloids still lies in the realm of speculations, significant biological activities for some of them have clearly emerged. This review will account for the progress in achieving the total synthesis of the more biologically enticing members of this class of natural products.
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Namba K, Kaihara Y, Yamamoto H, Imagawa H, Tanino K, Williams RM, Nishizawa M. Toward palau'amine: Hg(OTf)2-catalyzed synthesis of the cyclopentane core. Chemistry 2009; 15:6560-3. [PMID: 19492366 PMCID: PMC2837586 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCatalytic cyclization: The Hg(OTf)2‐catalyzed N‐selective cyclization of amide carbonyl moieties for the construction of a quaternary carbon center was developed. The Hg(OTf)2‐catalyzed cyclization of cyclopentylidene alcohol with acylhydrazide afforded the desired cyclopenta[c]pyridazinone in good yield. The subsequent eight steps gave the functionalized cyclopentane with the correct stereochemistry that corresponds to the E ring of palau′amine (see scheme).magnified image
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Namba
- Division of Chemistry, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
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34
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Bhandari MR, Sivappa R, Lovely CJ. Total synthesis of the putative structure of nagelamide D. Org Lett 2009; 11:1535-8. [PMID: 19278243 DOI: 10.1021/ol9001762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A total synthesis of the putative structure of nagelamide D from imidazole is described. A Stille cross-coupling is used to construct the bis imidazole skeleton, and the pyrrolecarboxamides are introduced via a double Mitsunobu reaction using a pyrrolehydantoin derivative. Discrepancies between the published spectroscopic data and that reported in the literature cast doubts either on the assigned structure or the reported data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojkumar R Bhandari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
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Abstract
IUPAC defines chemoselectivity as "the preferential reaction of a chemical reagent with one of two or more different functional groups", a definition that describes in rather understated terms the single greatest obstacle to complex molecule synthesis. Indeed, efforts to synthesize natural products often become case studies in the art and science of chemoselective control, a skill that nature has practiced deftly for billions of years but man has yet to master. Confrontation of one or perhaps a collection of functional groups that are either promiscuously reactive or stubbornly inert has the potential to unravel an entire strategic design. One could argue that the degree to which chemists can control chemoselectivity pales in comparison to the state of the art in stereocontrol. In this Account, we hope to illustrate how the combination of necessity and tenacity leads to the invention of chemoselective chemistry for the construction of complex molecules. In our laboratory, a premium is placed upon selecting targets that would be difficult or impossible to synthesize using traditional techniques. The successful total synthesis of such molecules demands a high degree of innovation, which in turn enables the discovery of new reactivity and principles for controlling chemoselectivity. In devising an approach to a difficult target, we choose bond disconnections that primarily maximize skeletal simplification, especially when the proposed chemistry is poorly precedented or completely unknown. By choosing such a strategy--rather than adapting an approach to fit known reactions--innovation and invention become the primary goal of the total synthesis. Delivery of the target molecule in a concise and convergent manner is the natural consequence of such endeavors, and invention becomes a prerequisite for success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Dickson DP, Wardrop DJ. Total synthesis of (+/-)-agelastatin A, a potent inhibitor of osteopontin-mediated neoplastic transformations. Org Lett 2009; 11:1341-4. [PMID: 19228041 DOI: 10.1021/ol900133v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective synthesis of agelastatin A, a potent cytotoxin and inhibitor of osteopontin (OPN)-mediated neoplastic transformations, has been accomplished in 14 steps (12 operations) with an approximate overall yield of 8%. Notable features of this route include the direct manner in which the pyrroloketopiperazine A-ring of the target is generated and the efficient employment of a trichloroacetamide, introduced through Overman rearrangement, as a protecting group, pendant nucleophile, and latent urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Dickson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA
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Heasley B. Stereocontrolled Preparation of Fully Substituted Cyclopentanes: Relevance to Total Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200801229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Heasley
- Scynexis, Inc., P.O. Box 12878, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709‐2878, Fax: +1‐919‐544‐8697
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38
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Sivappa R, Mukherjee S, Dias HVR, Lovely CJ. Studies toward the total synthesis of the oroidin dimers. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3215-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b909482b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Russel JS, Pelkey ET, Yoon-Miller SJ. Chapter 5.2: Five-Membered Ring Systems: Pyrroles and Benzo Analogs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(09)70033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
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40
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41
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Loos P, Riedrich M, Arndt HD. Aza-Wittig access to chiral imidazol(in)es. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:1900-2. [DOI: 10.1039/b822436f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Koswatta PB, Sivappa R, Dias HR, Lovely CJ. Total synthesis of (+/-)-calcaridine A and (+/-)-epi-calcaridine A. Org Lett 2008; 10:5055-8. [PMID: 18816134 PMCID: PMC2650485 DOI: 10.1021/ol802018r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the Leucetta alkaloid calcaridine A is described based on a biosynthetic postulate. Application of an oxidative rearrangement of a 4,5-disubstituted imidazole leads to the formation of both calcaridine A and epi-calcaridine A. An X-ray crystal structure determination on the latter has allowed the assignment of the relative configuration of the epimeric natural product and calcaridine A by extrapolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panduka B. Koswatta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019
| | - Rasapalli Sivappa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019
| | - H.V. Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019
| | - Carl J. Lovely
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019
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Bultman MS, Ma J, Gin DY. Synthetic access to the chlorocyclopentane cores of the proposed original and revised structures of palau'amine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6821-4. [PMID: 18655078 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bultman
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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44
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Bultman M, Ma J, Gin D. Synthetic Access to the Chlorocyclopentane Cores of the Proposed Original and Revised Structures of Palau′amine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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