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Pamungkas KKP, Fureraj I, Assies L, Sakai N, Mercier V, Chen XX, Vauthey E, Matile S. Core-Alkynylated Fluorescent Flippers: Altered Ultrafast Photophysics to Track Thick Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406204. [PMID: 38758302 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent flippers have been introduced as small-molecule probes to image membrane tension in living systems. This study describes the design, synthesis, spectroscopic and imaging properties of flippers that are elongated by one and two alkynes inserted between the push and the pull dithienothiophene domains. The resulting mechanophores combine characteristics of flippers, reporting on physical compression in the ground state, and molecular rotors, reporting on torsional motion in the excited state, to take their photophysics to new level of sophistication. Intensity ratios in broadened excitation bands from differently twisted conformers of core-alkynylated flippers thus report on mechanical compression. Lifetime boosts from ultrafast excited-state planarization and lifetime drops from competitive intersystem crossing into triplet states report on viscosity. In standard lipid bilayer membranes, core-alkynylated flippers are too long for one leaflet and tilt or extend into disordered interleaflet space, which preserves rotor-like torsional disorder and thus weak, blue-shifted fluorescence. Flipper-like planarization occurs only in highly ordered membranes of matching leaflet thickness, where they light up and selectively report on these thick membranes with red-shifted, sharpened excitation maxima, high intensity and long lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ina Fureraj
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lea Assies
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Xiao-Xiao Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Hoang HT, Haubitz T, Kumke MU. Photophysics of "Floppy" Dyads as Potential Biomembrane Probes. J Fluoresc 2018; 28:1225-1237. [PMID: 30145784 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-2286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In the study a dyad (C6 probe), constructed of two dyes with highly different hydrophobicities, was investigated by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques in chloroform, methanol, and in phospholipid vesicles, respectively. The dyad was built on two dyes: the lipophilic benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and the hydrophilic sulforhodamine B (SRB). The dyes were linked via a short, but flexible alkyl chain (six C-atoms). Based on their spectroscopic properties, BaP and SRB showed a very efficient non-radiative resonance energy transfer in solution. Incorporation into a lipid bilayer limited the relative flexibility (degree of freedom) between donor and acceptor and was used for the investigation of fundamental photophysical aspects (especially of FRET) as well as to elucidate the potential of the dyad to probe the interface of vesicles (or cells). The location of the two dyes in vesicles and their respective accessibility for interactions with dye-specific antibodies was investigated. Based on the alteration of the anisotropy, on the rotational correlation time as well as on the diffusion coefficient the incorporation of the C6 probe into the vesicles was evaluated. Especially the limitation in the relative movements of the two dyes was considered and used to differentiate between potential parameters, that influence the energy transfer in the dyad. Transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) and pulsed-interleave single molecule fluorescence experiments were performed to better understand the intramolecular interactions in the dyad. Finally, in a showcase for a biosensing application of the dyads, the binding of an SRB-specific antibody was investigated when the dyad was incorporated in vesicles. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa T Hoang
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry (Physical Chemistry), Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Humboldt University of Berlin, School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof (SALSA), Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Toni Haubitz
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry (Physical Chemistry), Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael U Kumke
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry (Physical Chemistry), Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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3
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Poppe S, Poppe M, Ebert H, Prehm M, Chen C, Liu F, Werner S, Bacia K, Tschierske C. Effects of Lateral and Terminal Chains of X-Shaped Bolapolyphiles with Oligo(phenylene ethynylene) Cores on Self-Assembly Behaviour. Part 1: Transition between Amphiphilic and Polyphilic Self-Assembly in the Bulk. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E471. [PMID: 30965775 PMCID: PMC6418615 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphilic self-assembly leads to compartmentalization of space and development of complex structures in soft matter on different length scales, reaching from the morphologies of block copolymers to the liquid crystalline (LC) phases of small molecules. Whereas block copolymers are known to form membranes and interact with phospholipid bilayers, liquid crystals have been less investigated in this respect. Here, series of bolapolyphilic X-shaped molecules were synthesized and investigated with respect to the effect of molecular structural parameters on the formation of LC phases (part 1), and on domain formation in phospholipid bilayer membranes (part 2). The investigated bolapolyphiles are based on a rod-like π-conjugated oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE) core with two glycerol groups being either directly attached or separated by additional ethylene oxide (EO) units to both ends. The X-shape is provided by two lateral alkyl chains attached at opposite sides of the OPE core, being either linear, branched, or semiperfluorinated. In this report, the focus is on the transition from polyphilic (triphilic or tetraphilic) to binary amphiphilic self-assembly. Polyphilic self-assembly, i.e., segregation of all three or four incorporated units into separate nano-compartments, leads to the formation of hexagonal columnar LC phases, representing triangular honeycombs. A continuous transition from the well-defined triangular honeycomb structures to simple hexagonal columnar phases, dominated by the arrangement of polar columns on a hexagonal lattice in a mixed continuum formed by the lipophilic chains and the OPE rods, i.e., to amphiphilic self-assembly, was observed by reducing the length and volume of the lateral alkyl chains. A similar transition was found upon increasing the length of the EO units involved in the polar groups. If the lateral alkyl chains are enlarged or replaced by semiperfluorinated chains, then the segregation of lateral chains and rod-like cores is retained, even for enlarged polar groups, i.e., the transition from polyphilic to amphiphilic self-assembly is suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Poppe
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Marco Poppe
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Helgard Ebert
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Marko Prehm
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Changlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Stefan Werner
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Kirsten Bacia
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Carsten Tschierske
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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Beşli S, Mutlu Balcı C, Uslu A, Allen CW. New Synthetic Approach to Molecular Rods Using Cyclophosphazene-Based Oligospiranes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:9413-9416. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serap Beşli
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Ceylan Mutlu Balcı
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Aylin Uslu
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Christopher W. Allen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0125, United States
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Wessig P, Behrends N, Kumke MU, Eisold U. FRET Pairs with Fixed Relative Orientation of Chromophores. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Wessig
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Nicole Behrends
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Michael U. Kumke
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Ursula Eisold
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Potsdam Germany
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6
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Wessig P, Budach D, Thünemann AF. Dendrimers with Oligospiroketal (OSK) Building Blocks: Synthesis and Properties. Chemistry 2015; 21:10466-71. [PMID: 26094735 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel dendrimers containing oligospiroketal (OSK) rods as building blocks is described. The linkage between the core unit (CU), branching units (BU), and OSK rods relies on the CuAAC reaction between terminal alkynes and azides. Two different strategies of dendrimer synthesis were investigated and it was found that the convergent approach is clearly superior to the divergent one. SAXS measurements and MD simulations indicate that the obtained dendrimer features a globular structure with very low density. Obviously, the OSK rods stabilize a rather loose mass-fractal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Wessig
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam (Germany), Fax: (+49) 3319775065 http://ag-wessig.chem.uni-potsdam.de.
| | - Dennis Budach
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam (Germany), Fax: (+49) 3319775065 http://ag-wessig.chem.uni-potsdam.de
| | - Andreas F Thünemann
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin (Germany)
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Lechner BD, Ebert H, Prehm M, Werner S, Meister A, Hause G, Beerlink A, Saalwächter K, Bacia K, Tschierske C, Blume A. Temperature-dependent in-plane structure formation of an X-shaped bolapolyphile within lipid bilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:2839-2850. [PMID: 25695502 DOI: 10.1021/la504903d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyphilic compound B12 is an X-shaped molecule with a stiff aromatic core, flexible aliphatic side chains, and hydrophilic end groups. Forming a thermotropic triangular honeycomb phase in the bulk between 177 and 182 °C but no lyotropic phases, it is designed to fit into DPPC or DMPC lipid bilayers, in which it phase separates at room temperature, as observed in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) by fluorescence microscopy. TEM investigations of bilayer aggregates support the incorporation of B12 into intact membranes. The temperature-dependent behavior of the mixed samples was followed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FT-IR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and X-ray scattering. DSC results support in-membrane phase separation, where a reduced main transition and new B12-related transitions indicate the incorporation of lipids into the B12-rich phase. The phase separation was confirmed by X-ray scattering, where two different lamellar repeat distances are visible over a wide temperature range. Polarized ATR-FTIR and fluorescence anisotropy experiments support the transmembrane orientation of B12, and FT-IR spectra further prove a stepwise "melting" of the lipid chains. The data suggest that in the B12-rich domains the DPPC chains are still rigid and the B12 molecules interact with each other via π-π interactions. All results obtained at temperatures above 75 °C confirm the formation of a single, homogeneously mixed phase with freely mobile B12 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob-Dan Lechner
- Institut für Chemie - Physikalische Chemie and ‡Institut für Chemie - Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg , D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Wessig P, Gerngroß M, Pape S, Bruhns P, Weber J. Novel porous materials based on oligospiroketals (OSK). RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New materials with moderately high porosity are accessible by polyacetalization under very mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Wessig
- Institut für Chemie
- Universität Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maik Gerngroß
- Institut für Chemie
- Universität Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Simon Pape
- Institut für Chemie
- Universität Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Philipp Bruhns
- Institut für Chemie
- Universität Potsdam
- 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jens Weber
- Department of Colloid Chemistry
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
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9
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Grimm C, Meyer T, Czapla S, Nikolaus J, Scheidt HA, Vogel A, Herrmann A, Wessig P, Huster D, Müller P. Structure and Dynamics of Molecular Rods in Membranes: Application of a Spin-Labeled Rod. Chemistry 2013; 19:2703-10. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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New molecular rods — Characterization of their interaction with membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2781-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Novel nanoscaled molecular rods consisting of seven annulated heterocycles as scaffold for multiple sugar units. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Ikonen S, Nonappa, Valkonen A, Juvonen R, Salo H, Kolehmainen E. Bile acid-derived mono- and diketals—synthesis, structural characterization and self-assembling properties. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2784-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c003228j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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13
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Engineering liposomes and nanoparticles for biological targeting. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 125:251-80. [PMID: 21049296 DOI: 10.1007/10_2010_92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Our ability to engineer nanomaterials for biological and medical applications is continuously increasing, and nanomaterial designs are becoming more and more complex. One very good example of this is the drug delivery field where nanoparticle systems can be used to deliver drugs specifically to diseased tissue. In the early days, the design of the nanoparticles was relatively simple, but today we can surface functionalize and manipulate material properties to target diseased tissue and build highly complex drug release mechanisms into our designs. One of the most promising strategies in drug delivery is to use ligands that target overexpressed or selectively expressed receptors on the surface of diseased cells. To utilize this approach, it is necessary to control the chemistry involved in surface functionalization of nanoparticles and construct highly specific functionalities that can be used as attachment points for a diverse range of targeting ligands such as antibodies, peptides, carbohydrates and vitamins. In this review we provide an overview and a critical evaluation of the many strategies that have been developed for surface functionalization of nanoparticles and furthermore provide an overview of how these methods have been used in drug delivery systems.
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