1
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Nagy BS, Llanes P, Pericas MA, Kappe CO, Ötvös SB. Enantioselective Flow Synthesis of Rolipram Enabled by a Telescoped Asymmetric Conjugate Addition-Oxidative Aldehyde Esterification Sequence Using in Situ-Generated Persulfuric Acid as Oxidant. Org Lett 2022; 24:1066-1071. [PMID: 35050638 PMCID: PMC8822492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach is reported for the enantioselective flow synthesis of rolipram comprising a telescoped asymmetric conjugate addition-oxidative aldehyde esterification sequence followed by trichlorosilane-mediated nitro group reduction and concomitant lactamization. The telescoped process takes advantage of a polystyrene-supported chiral organocatalyst along with in situ-generated persulfuric acid as a robust and scalable oxidant for direct aldehyde esterification. This approach demonstrates significantly improved productivity compared with earlier methodologies while ensuring environmentally benign metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence S Nagy
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Patricia Llanes
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel A Pericas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria.,Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sándor B Ötvös
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria.,Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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2
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Ötvös SB, Kappe CO. Continuous flow asymmetric synthesis of chiral active pharmaceutical ingredients and their advanced intermediates. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2021; 23:6117-6138. [PMID: 34671222 PMCID: PMC8447942 DOI: 10.1039/d1gc01615f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic enantioselective transformations provide well-established and direct access to stereogenic synthons that are broadly distributed among active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). These reactions have been demonstrated to benefit considerably from the merits of continuous processing and microreactor technology. Over the past few years, continuous flow enantioselective catalysis has grown into a mature field and has found diverse applications in asymmetric synthesis of pharmaceutically active substances. The present review therefore surveys flow chemistry-based approaches for the synthesis of chiral APIs and their advanced stereogenic intermediates, covering the utilization of biocatalysis, organometallic catalysis and metal-free organocatalysis to introduce asymmetry in continuously operated systems. Single-step processes, interrupted multistep flow syntheses, combined batch/flow processes and uninterrupted one-flow syntheses are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor B Ötvös
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 A-8010 Graz Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 A-8010 Graz Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 A-8010 Graz Austria
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3
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Stegner PC, Eyselein J, Ballmann GM, Langer J, Schmidt J, Harder S. Calcium catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular alkene hydroamination with chiral C2-symmetric bis-amide ligands. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3178-3185. [PMID: 33594995 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00173f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chiral building block (R)-(+)-2,2'-diamino-1,1'-binaphthyl, (R)-BINAM, which is often used as backbone in privileged enantioselective catalysts, was converted to a series of N-substituted proligands R1-H2 (R = CH2tBu, C(H)Ph2, PPh2, dibenzosuberane, 8-quinoline). After double deprotonation with strong Mg or Ca bases, a series of alkaline earth (Ae) metal catalysts R1-Ae·(THF)n was obtained. Crystal structures of these C2-symmetric catalysts have been analyzed by quadrant models which show that the ligands with C(H)Ph2, dibenzosuberane and 8-quinoline substituents should give the best steric discrimination for the enantioselective intramolecular alkene hydroamination (IAH) of the aminoalkenes H2C[double bond, length as m-dash]CHCH2CR'2CH2NH2 (CR'2 = CPh2, CCy or CMe2). The dianionic R12- ligand in R1-Ae·(THF)n functions as reagent that deprotonates the aminoalkene substrate, while the monoanionic (R1-H)- ligand formed in this reaction functions as a chiral spectator ligand that controls the enantioselectivity of the ring closure reaction. Depending on the substituent R in the BINAM ligand, full cyclization of aminoalkenes to chiral pyrrolidine products as fast as 5 minutes was observed. Product analysis furnished enantioselectivities up to 57% ee, which marks the highest enantioselectivity reported for Ca catalyzed IAH. Higher selectivities are impeded by double protonation of the R12- ligand leading to complete loss of chiral information in the catalytically active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp C Stegner
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Eyselein
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerd M Ballmann
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Schmidt
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Arai T, Iimori Y, Shirasugi M, Shinohara R, Takagi Y, Suzuki T, Ma J, Kuwano S, Masu H. Bis(imidazolidine)pyridine‐CoCl
2
: A Novel, Catalytically Active Neutral Complex for Asymmetric Michael Reaction of 1,3‐Carbonyl Compounds with Nitroalkenes. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Arai
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC), Chiba Iodine Research Innovation Center (CIRIC), and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceChiba University 1-33 Yayoi, Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Yuko Iimori
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC), Chiba Iodine Research Innovation Center (CIRIC), and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceChiba University 1-33 Yayoi, Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Mayu Shirasugi
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC), Chiba Iodine Research Innovation Center (CIRIC), and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceChiba University 1-33 Yayoi, Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Ryota Shinohara
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC), Chiba Iodine Research Innovation Center (CIRIC), and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceChiba University 1-33 Yayoi, Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Yuri Takagi
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC), Chiba Iodine Research Innovation Center (CIRIC), and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceChiba University 1-33 Yayoi, Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Takumi Suzuki
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC), Chiba Iodine Research Innovation Center (CIRIC), and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceChiba University 1-33 Yayoi, Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Junma Ma
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC), Chiba Iodine Research Innovation Center (CIRIC), and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceChiba University 1-33 Yayoi, Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Satoru Kuwano
- Soft Molecular Activation Research Center (SMARC), Chiba Iodine Research Innovation Center (CIRIC), and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of ScienceChiba University 1-33 Yayoi, Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Hyuma Masu
- Center for Analytical InstrumentationChiba University 1-33 Yayoi, Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
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5
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Yamashita Y, Macor JA, Fushimi S, Tsubogo T, Kobayashi S. Chiral Calcium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation Reactions Using Hydrogen Peroxide as the Terminal Oxidant. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:847-850. [PMID: 30175740 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric epoxidation reactions of chalcone derivatives catalyzed by chiral calcium complexes using hydrogen peroxide were developed. The epoxidation reactions proceeded smoothly to afford the desired products in good yields with good enantioselectivities. This is the first example of chiral calcium-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation reactions using hydrogen peroxide as the terminal oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seiya Fushimi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Tetsu Tsubogo
- Green & Sustainable Chemistry Cooperation Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Shū Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo.,Green & Sustainable Chemistry Cooperation Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
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6
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Zheng K, Liu X, Feng X. Recent Advances in Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4-Conjugate Addition (ACA) of Nonorganometallic Nucleophiles. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7586-7656. [PMID: 30047721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The metal-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition (ACA) reaction has emerged as a general and powerful approach for the construction of optically active compounds and is among the most significant and useful reactions in synthetic organic chemistry. In recent years, great progress has been made in this area with the use of various chiral metal complexes based on different chiral ligands. This review provides comprehensive and critical information on the enantioselective 1,4-conjugate addition of nonorganometallic (soft) nucleophiles and their importance in synthetic applications. The literature is covered from the last 10 years, and a number of examples from before 2007 are included as background information. The review is divided into multiple parts according to the type of nucleophile involved in the reaction (such as C-, B-, O-, N-, S-, P-, and Si-centered nucleophiles) and metal catalyst systems used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China
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7
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Li X, You C, Yang Y, Yang Y, Li P, Gu G, Chung LW, Lv H, Zhang X. Rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of β-cyanocinnamic esters with the assistance of a single hydrogen bond in a precise position. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1919-1924. [PMID: 29675238 PMCID: PMC5890790 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04639a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The first asymmetric hydrogenation of β-cyanoacrylate esters has been developed to furnish chiral β-cyano esters with excellent yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Notably, the catalyst with a single H-bond donor in a precise position performed better than that with double H-bond donors.
With the assistance of hydrogen bonds, the first asymmetric hydrogenation of β-cyanocinnamic esters is developed, affording chiral β-cyano esters with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). This novel methodology provides an efficient and concise synthetic route to chiral GABA-derivatives such as (S)-Pregabalin, (R)-Phenibut, (R)-Baclofen. Interestingly, in this system, the catalyst with a single H-bond donor performs better than that with double H-bond donors, which is a novel discovery in the metalorganocatalysis area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei 430072 , P. R. China .
| | - Cai You
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei 430072 , P. R. China .
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei 430072 , P. R. China .
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , P. R. China .
| | - Pan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei 430072 , P. R. China .
| | - Guoxian Gu
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , P. R. China .
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , P. R. China .
| | - Hui Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei 430072 , P. R. China . .,Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , 430072 , China
| | - Xumu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei 430072 , P. R. China . .,Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , P. R. China .
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8
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Thota GK, Sun GJ, Deng T, Li Y, Kang Q. Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of 2-Acylimidazoles with Nitroalkenes Promoted by Chiral-at-Metal Rhodium(III) Complexes. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Kumar Thota
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou 350002 People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou 350002 People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Deng
- Department of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou 350002 People's Republic of China
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9
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Kiely-Collins HJ, Sechi I, Brennan PE, McLaughlin MG. Mild, calcium catalysed Beckmann rearrangements. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:654-657. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09491d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A mild calcium catalysed Beckmann rearrangement has been realised, which forgoes the more traditional harsh reactions conditions associated with the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Kiely-Collins
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building
- Oxford
- UK
| | - I. Sechi
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building
- Oxford
- UK
| | - P. E. Brennan
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building
- Oxford
- UK
- ARUK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford Oxford
- UK
| | - M. G. McLaughlin
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building
- Oxford
- UK
- Faculty of Science & Engineering, Division of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester
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10
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Murauski KJR, Walden DM, Cheong PHY, Scheidt KA. A Cooperative Ternary Catalysis System for Asymmetric Lactonizations of α-Ketoesters. Adv Synth Catal 2017; 359:3713-3719. [PMID: 30473657 PMCID: PMC6251415 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A general and enantioselective N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed lactonization of simple enals and α-ketoesters has been discovered using a new ternary cooperative catalytic system. The highly selective annulation was achieved by using a combination of a chiral NHC, a hydrogen-bond donor, and a metal salt, facilitating self-assembly of the reactive partners. A proposed model for this new mode of NHC chiral relay catalysis is supported by experimental and computational mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J. R. Murauski
- Department of Chemistry Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston IL 60208 (USA)
| | - Daniel M. Walden
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis OR, 97331 (USA)
| | - Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis OR, 97331 (USA)
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston IL 60208 (USA)
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11
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Wang K, Wang L, Liu X, Li D, Zhu H, Wang P, Liu Y, Yang D, Wang R. Development of Biligands Magnesium Catalysis in Asymmetric Conjugate Reactions of C3-Pyrrolyl-Oxindoles. Org Lett 2017; 19:4351-4354. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kezhou Wang
- School of Life Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Linqing Wang
- School of Life Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xihong Liu
- School of Life Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Life Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haiyong Zhu
- School of Life Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Pengxin Wang
- School of Life Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- School of Life Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dongxu Yang
- School of Life Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Life Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province,
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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12
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Lai L, Li AN, Zhou J, Guo Y, Lin L, Chen W, Wang R. Mg(OMe) 2 promoted allylic isomerization of γ-hydroxy-α,β-alkenoic esters to synthesize γ-ketone esters. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2185-2190. [PMID: 28220169 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00131b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This work concerns the Mg(OMe)2 promoted allylic isomerization of γ-hydroxy-α,β-alkenoic esters with TMEDA as an additive. The isomerization proceeded under mild conditions and afforded γ-keto esters in high yield (up to 96%) within 2 h. Both (Z)- and (E)-γ-hydroxy-α,β-alkenoic esters were tolerated under the reaction conditions. This transformation involves the in situ formation of a dienolate intermediate from the easily accessible γ-hydroxy-α,β-alkenoic ester. The in situ generated dienolate can react with benzaldehyde and undergo a practical, useful tandem allylic isomerization-Aldol reaction to afford more functionalized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhao Lai
- School of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - A-Ni Li
- The first laboratory of Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yarong Guo
- School of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Li Lin
- School of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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13
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Wilkins LC, Melen RL. Enantioselective Main Group Catalysis: Modern Catalysts for Organic Transformations. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Ishitani H, Saito Y, Tsubogo T, Kobayashi S. Synthesis of Nitro-Containing Compounds through Multistep Continuous Flow with Heterogeneous Catalysts. Org Lett 2016; 18:1346-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruro Ishitani
- Green & Sustainable Chemistry Cooperation Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsu Tsubogo
- Green & Sustainable Chemistry Cooperation Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shu̅ Kobayashi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Green & Sustainable Chemistry Cooperation Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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15
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Kobayashi S. Flow "Fine" Synthesis: High Yielding and Selective Organic Synthesis by Flow Methods. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:425-36. [PMID: 26337828 PMCID: PMC4770433 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The concept of flow "fine" synthesis, that is, high yielding and selective organic synthesis by flow methods, is described. Some examples of flow "fine" synthesis of natural products and APIs are discussed. Flow methods have several advantages over batch methods in terms of environmental compatibility, efficiency, and safety. However, synthesis by flow methods is more difficult than synthesis by batch methods. Indeed, it has been considered that synthesis by flow methods can be applicable for the production of simple gasses but that it is difficult to apply to the synthesis of complex molecules such as natural products and APIs. Therefore, organic synthesis of such complex molecules has been conducted by batch methods. On the other hand, syntheses and reactions that attain high yields and high selectivities by flow methods are increasingly reported. Flow methods are leading candidates for the next generation of manufacturing methods that can mitigate environmental concerns toward sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shū Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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16
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Suresh Kumar A, Prabhakar Reddy T, Madhavachary R, Ramachary DB. Rawal's catalyst as an effective stimulant for the highly asymmetric Michael addition of β-keto esters to functionally rich nitro-olefins. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5494-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A general approach to the asymmetric synthesis of highly substituted dihydroquinolines was achieved through neighboring ortho-amino group engaged sequential Michael/amination/dehydration reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Suresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad 500 046
- India
| | | | - R. Madhavachary
- School of Chemistry
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad 500 046
- India
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17
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Li L, Zhang S, Hu Y, Li Y, Li C, Zha Z, Wang Z. Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Michael Addition of Nitroalkanes to 2-Enoyl-PyridineN-Oxides Catalyzed by Scandium(III)/Copper(II) Complexes. Chemistry 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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Lippur K, Kaabel S, Järving I, Rissanen K, Kanger T. CaCl2, Bisoxazoline, and Malonate: A Protocol for an Asymmetric Michael Reaction. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6336-41. [PMID: 26035234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mild protocol for the asymmetric Michael addition of dimethyl malonate to various α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds was developed. The salient feature of this methodology is that a cheap and environmentally friendly Lewis acid, CaCl2, was used as a catalyst. An aminoindanol- and pyridine-derived ligand provided in the presence of CaCl2 Michael adducts in moderate to high enantioselectivities. The scope of the reaction was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Lippur
- †Department of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Sandra Kaabel
- †Department of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.,‡Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Ivar Järving
- †Department of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kari Rissanen
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Tõnis Kanger
- †Department of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
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19
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Shimizu S, Tsubogo T, Xu P, Kobayashi S. Calcium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of 3-Tetrasubstituted Oxindoles: Efficient Construction of Adjacent Quaternary and Tertiary Chiral Centers. Org Lett 2015; 17:2006-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsu Tsubogo
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Pengyu Xu
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shu̅ Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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20
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Chiral Alkaline Earth Metal Complexes in Asymmetric Catalysis. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2015_144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Nguyen DT, Lenstra DC, Mecinović J. Chemoselective calcium-catalysed direct amidation of carboxylic esters. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18288c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheap, non-toxic and environmentally benign CaI2 catalyses direct amide bond formation between unactivated carboxylic esters and primary amines in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Thao Nguyen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University Nijmegen
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Danny C. Lenstra
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University Nijmegen
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Jasmin Mecinović
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University Nijmegen
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
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22
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Tsubogo T, Yamashita Y, Kobayashi S. Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) as Catalyst for Asymmetric Organic Reactions. Top Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-014-0254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Rapi Z, Démuth B, Keglevich G, Grűn A, Drahos L, Sóti PL, Bakó P. Enantioselective Michael addition of malonates to aromatic nitroalkenes catalyzed by monosaccharide-based chiral crown ethers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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25
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Best D, Lam HW. C═N-Containing Azaarenes as Activating Groups in Enantioselective Catalysis. J Org Chem 2013; 79:831-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402414k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Best
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, The King’s Buildings,
West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Hon Wai Lam
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, The King’s Buildings,
West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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26
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Jia C, Chen D, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Cao B, Zhao Z. Mechanosynthesis of γ-nitro dicarbonyl compounds via CaCl2-catalyzed Michael addition. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Tsubogo T, Ishiwata T, Kobayashi S. Asymmetrische Kohlenstoff-Kohlenstoff-Kupplungen unter kontinuierlichen Durchflussbedingungen mit chiralen Heterogenkatalysatoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201210066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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28
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Tsubogo T, Ishiwata T, Kobayashi S. Asymmetric Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation under Continuous-Flow Conditions with Chiral Heterogeneous Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6590-604. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201210066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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29
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Hut'ka M, Tsubogo T, Kobayashi S. Synthesis of Glutamic Acid and Highly Functionalized Pyrrolidine Derivatives by Utilizing Tunable Calcium Catalysts for Chemoselective Asymmetric 1,4-Addition and [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Simpson AJ, Lam HW. Enantioselective Nickel-Catalyzed Michael Additions of 2-Acetylazaarenes to Nitroalkenes. Org Lett 2013; 15:2586-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400578c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain J. Simpson
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, The King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Hon Wai Lam
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, The King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
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31
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32
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Tsubogo T, Shimizu S, Kobayashi S. Chiral calcium iodide for asymmetric Mannich-type reactions of malonates with imines providing β-aminocarbonyl compounds. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:872-6. [PMID: 23494940 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Out of the pybox: We have developed a novel chiral calcium iodide catalyst from CaI2 and a pybox that is stable under moisture and oxygen. This catalyst was applied to catalytic asymmetric Mannich-type reactions of malonates with both N-Boc-protected aromatic and aliphatic imines, and resulted in moderate to high yields with high enantioselectivities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of highly enantioselective metal-catalyzed asymmetric Mannich-type reactions of malonates with N-Boc-protected aliphatic imines. The Mannich adduct was successfully converted into the α-hydroxy β-amino acid derivative. We have also shown the unique structure of the chiral Ca complexes with malonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsu Tsubogo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Tsubogo T, Yamashita Y, Kobayashi S. Chiral Ca-, Sr-, and Ba-Catalyzed Asymmetric Direct-Type Aldol, Michael, Mannich, and Related Reactions. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36270-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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34
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Tsubogo T, Yamashita Y, Kobayashi S. Toward Efficient Asymmetric Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation: Continuous Flow with Chiral Heterogeneous Catalysts. Chemistry 2012; 18:13624-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Yamashita Y, Tsubogo T, Kobayashi S. Chiral alkaline-earth metal catalysts for asymmetric bond-forming reactions. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00744k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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36
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Nixon TD, Ward BD. Calcium amido-bisoxazoline complexes in asymmetric hydroamination/cyclisation catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11790-2. [PMID: 23111410 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37021b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy D Nixon
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
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37
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Biscinchona alkaloids as highly efficient bifunctional organocatalysts for the asymmetric conjugate addition of malonates to nitroalkenes at ambient temperature. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Lin L, Zhang J, Ma X, Fu X, Wang R. Bifunctional 3,3′-Ph2-BINOL-Mg Catalyzed Direct Asymmetric Vinylogous Michael Addition of α,β-Unsaturated γ-Butyrolactam. Org Lett 2011; 13:6410-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol202713f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Chiroscience and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Chiroscience and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaojuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Chiroscience and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Xu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Chiroscience and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Chiroscience and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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39
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Shi YH, Wang Z, Hu B, Wang M, Fossey JS, Deng WP. A ferrocenyl-DHIPOH/Cu(OAc)2 complex for diastereo- and enantioselective catalysis of the 1,4-addition of glycine derivatives to alkylidene malonates. Org Lett 2011; 13:6010-3. [PMID: 22007626 DOI: 10.1021/ol202466v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A planar chiral ferrocene derivative Fc-DHIPOH served as an excellent N,O- chiral ligand for asymmetric copper catalyzed 1,4-addition of glycine derivatives to alkylidene malonates. The corresponding 1,4-adducts were obtained in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities up to 95% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hua Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry & School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China, 200237
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40
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Zhang G, Zhang Y, Wang R. Catalytic asymmetric activation of a C(sp³)-H bond adjacent to a nitrogen atom: a versatile approach to optically active α-alkyl α-amino acids and C1-alkylated tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:10429-32. [PMID: 21915984 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201105123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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41
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Zhang G, Zhang Y, Wang R. Catalytic Asymmetric Activation of a C sp 3H Bond Adjacent to a Nitrogen Atom: A Versatile Approach to Optically Active α-Alkyl α-Amino Acids and C1-Alkylated Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201105123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Inokuma T, Furukawa M, Uno T, Suzuki Y, Yoshida K, Yano Y, Matsuzaki K, Takemoto Y. Bifunctional Hydrogen-Bond Donors That Bear a Quinazoline or Benzothiadiazine Skeleton for Asymmetric Organocatalysis. Chemistry 2011; 17:10470-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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43
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Wang J, Ji X, Shi J, Sun H, Jiang H, Liu H. Diastereoselective Michael reaction of chiral nickel(II) glycinate with nitroalkenes for asymmetric synthesis of β-substituted α,γ-diaminobutyric acid derivatives in water. Amino Acids 2011; 42:1685-94. [PMID: 21384130 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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44
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Nemoto T, Obuchi K, Tamura S, Fukuyama T, Hamada Y. Novel chiral hydrogen bond donor catalysts based on a 4,5-diaminoxanthene scaffold: application to enantioselective conjugate addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to nitroalkenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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45
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Haubenreisser S, Niggemann M. Calcium-Catalyzed Direct Amination of π-Activated Alcohols. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Abstract
The group 2 alkaline earth metals calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba) are among the most common elements on Earth, abundant in both the sea and the Earth's crust. Although they are familiar in our daily lives, their application to organic synthesis has, so far, been limited. Some particularly useful properties of these elements include (i) low electronegativity, (ii) a stable oxidation state of +2, meaning that they can potentially form two covalent bonds with anions, and (iii) the ability to occupy a variety of coordination sites due to their large ionic radius. Furthermore, the alkaline earth metals, found between the group 1 and group 3 elements, show mild but significant Lewis acidity, which can be harnessed to control coordinative molecules via a Lewis acid-base interaction. Taken together, these characteristics make the metals Ca, Sr, and Ba very promising components of highly functionalized acid-base catalysts. In this Account, we describe the development of chiral alkaline earth metal catalysts for asymmetric carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. Recently prepared chiral alkaline earth metal complexes have shown high diastereo- and enantioselectivities in fundamental and important chemical transformations. We chose chiral bisoxazoline (Box) derivatives bearing a methylene tether as a ligand for chiral modification. These molecules are very useful because they can covalently coordinate to alkaline earth metals in a bidentate fashion through deprotonation of the tether portion. It was found that chiral calcium-Box complexes could successfully promote catalytic asymmetric 1,4-addition and [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities. Both the calcium-Box complexes and chiral strontium-bis-sulfonamide and chiral barium-BINOLate complexes could catalyze asymmetric 1,4-addition reactions with high enantioselectivities. Furthermore, we designed a calcium-neutral coordinative ligand complex as a new type of chiral alkaline earth metal catalyst. We found that pyridinebisoxazolines (Pybox) worked well: they served as excellent ligands for calcium compounds in 1,4-addition reactions and Mannich reactions. Moreover, they were successful in 1,4-additions in concert with enantioselective protonation, affording the desired products in good to high enantioselectivities. Our results demonstrate that alkaline earth metals are very useful and attractive catalysts in organic synthesis. Moreover, their ubiquity in the environment is a distinct advantage over rare metals for large-scale processes, and their minimal toxicity is beneficial in both handling and disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu̅ Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, The HFRE Division, ERATO, Japan Science Technology Agency (JST), Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, The HFRE Division, ERATO, Japan Science Technology Agency (JST), Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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47
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Guo C, Song J, Luo SW, Gong LZ. Enantioselective oxidative cross-coupling reaction of 3-indolylmethyl C-H bonds with 1,3-dicarbonyls using a chiral Lewis acid-bonded nucleophile to control stereochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 49:5558-62. [PMID: 20589821 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Guo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
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48
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Wang M, Shi YH, Luo JF, Du W, Shi XX, Fossey JS, Deng WP. Novel N,O-Cu(OAc)2 complex catalysed diastereo- and enantioselective 1,4-addition of glycine derivatives to alkylidene malonates. Catal Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cy00001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Yamamura M, Miyake J, Imamura Y, Nabeshima T. Ca2+-induced folding of a chiral ditopic receptor based on a Pybox ligand and enhancement of anion recognition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:6801-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc05799a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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50
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Poisson T, Yamashita Y, Kobayashi S. Catalytic asymmetric protonation of chiral calcium enolates via 1,4-addition of malonates. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:7890-2. [PMID: 20481615 DOI: 10.1021/ja102555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic asymmetric protonation of chiral calcium enolates was performed. Chiral calcium enolates, prepared in situ from imides and malonates via 1,4-addition in the presence of catalytic amounts of Ca(OEt)(2), Ph-PyBox, and achiral phenol, were smoothly protonated to afford adducts bearing tertiary asymmetric carbons in high yields with high enantioselectivities. The adducts were readily converted to optically active 2-substituted 1,5-dicarboxylic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Poisson
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, The HFRE Division, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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