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Strauss MJ, Greaves ME, Kim ST, Teijaro CN, Schmidt MA, Scola PM, Buchwald SL. Room-Temperature Copper-Catalyzed Etherification of Aryl Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400333. [PMID: 38359082 PMCID: PMC11045308 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
We disclose the development of a Cu-catalyzed C-O coupling method utilizing a new N1,N2-diarylbenzene-1,2-diamine ligand, L8. Under optimized reaction conditions, structurally diverse aryl and heteroaryl bromides underwent efficient coupling with a variety of alcohols at room temperature using an L8-based catalyst. Notably, the L8-derived catalyst exhibited enhanced activity when compared to the L4-based system previously disclosed for C-N coupling, namely the ability to functionalize aryl bromides containing acidic functional groups. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that C-O coupling utilizing L8 ⋅ Cu involves rate-limiting alkoxide transmetallation, resulting in a mechanism of C-O bond formation that is distinct from previously described Pd-, Cu-, or Ni-based systems. This lower energy pathway leads to rapid C-O bond formation; a 7-fold increase relative to what is seen with other ligands. The results presented in this report overcome limitations in previously described C-O coupling methods and introduce a new ligand that we anticipate may be useful in other Cu-catalyzed C-heteroatom bond-forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Megan E Greaves
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Seoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Christiana N Teijaro
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Rt. 206 and Province Line Rd., Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America
| | - Michael A Schmidt
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Paul M Scola
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 250 Water St., Cambridge, MA 02141, United States of America
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
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2
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Kim ST, Strauss MJ, Cabré A, Buchwald SL. Room-Temperature Cu-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Bromides Enabled by DFT-Guided Ligand Design. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6966-6975. [PMID: 36926889 PMCID: PMC10415864 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Ullmann-type C-N coupling reactions represent an important alternative to well-established Pd-catalyzed approaches due to the differing reactivity and the lower cost of Cu. While the design of anionic Cu ligands, particularly those by Ma, has enabled the coupling of various classes of aryl halides and alkyl amines, most methods require conditions that can limit their utility on complex substrates. Herein, we disclose the development of anionic N1,N2-diarylbenzene-1,2-diamine ligands that promote the Cu-catalyzed amination of aryl bromides under mild conditions. Guided by DFT calculations, these ligands were designed to (1) increase the electron density on Cu, thereby increasing the rate of oxidative addition of aryl bromides, and (2) stabilize the active anionic CuI complex via a π-interaction. Under optimized conditions, structurally diverse aryl and heteroaryl bromides and a broad range of alkyl amine nucleophiles, including pharmaceuticals bearing multiple functional groups, were efficiently coupled at room temperature. Combined computational and experimental studies support a mechanism of C-N bond formation that follows a catalytic cycle akin to the well-explored Pd-catalyzed variants. Modification of the ligand structure to include a naphthyl residue resulted in a lower energy barrier to oxidative addition, providing a 30-fold rate increase relative to what is seen with other ligands. Collectively, these results establish a new class of anionic ligands for Cu-catalyzed C-N couplings, which we anticipate may be extended to other Cu-catalyzed C-heteroatom and C-C bond-forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Albert Cabré
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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de Gombert A, Darù A, Ahmed TS, Haibach MC, Li-Matsuura R, Yang C, Henry RF, Cook SP, Shekhar S, Blackmond DG. Mechanistic Insight into Cu-Catalyzed C–N Coupling of Hindered Aryl Iodides and Anilines Using a Pyrrol-ol Ligand Enables Development of Mild and Homogeneous Reaction Conditions. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine de Gombert
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Andrea Darù
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tonia S. Ahmed
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Michael C. Haibach
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Rei Li-Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Cassie Yang
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Rodger F. Henry
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Silas P. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Donna G. Blackmond
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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4
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Yang Q, Zhao Y, Ma D. Cu-Mediated Ullmann-Type Cross-Coupling and Industrial Applications in Route Design, Process Development, and Scale-up of Pharmaceutical and Agrochemical Processes. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- Synthetic Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Yinsong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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5
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Ma X, Davies RP. Tartramide Ligands for Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation at Room Temperature. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Ma
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London South Kensington London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
| | - Robert P. Davies
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London South Kensington London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
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6
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Wang F, Han Y, Yu L, Zhu D. Decarboxylative Amination of Benzoic Acids Bearing Electron-Donating Substituents and Non-Activated Amines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00453d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Efficient methods for decarboxylative activation of benzoic acids into great valuable products are highly sought after. Here we report a highly desirable and straightforward decarboxylative amination of readily available benzoic...
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7
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Beletskaya IP, Averin AD. Metal-catalyzed reactions for the C(sp2)–N bond formation: achievements of recent years. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The review deals with the main catalytic methods for the C(sp2)–N bond formation, including Buchwald–Hartwig palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl and heteroaryl halides, renaissance of the Ullmann chemistry, i.e., the application of catalysis by copper complexes to form the carbon–nitrogen bond, and Chan–Lam reactions of (hetero)arylboronic acids with amines. Also, oxidative amination with C–H activation, which has been booming during the last decade, is addressed. Particular attention is paid to achievements in the application of heterogenized catalysts.
The bibliography includes 350 references.
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8
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Choury M, Blond G, Gulea M. A Synthetic Route to Benzothiazocines with Two or Three Carbon Stereocenters via Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular N‐Arylation. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Choury
- CNRS Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique LIT UMR 7200 ITI InnoVec Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Gaëlle Blond
- CNRS Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique LIT UMR 7200 ITI InnoVec Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Mihaela Gulea
- CNRS Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique LIT UMR 7200 ITI InnoVec Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
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9
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Cicco L, Hernández-Fernández JA, Salomone A, Vitale P, Ramos-Martín M, González-Sabín J, Presa Soto A, Perna FM, Capriati V, García-Álvarez J. Copper-catalyzed Goldberg-type C-N coupling in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and water under aerobic conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1773-1779. [PMID: 33543179 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and selective N-functionalization of amides is first reported via a CuI-catalyzed Goldberg-type C-N coupling reaction between aryl iodides and primary/secondary amides run either in Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) or water as sustainable reaction media, under mild and bench-type reaction conditions (absence of protecting atmosphere). Higher activities were observed in an aqueous medium, though the employment of DESs expanded and improved the scope of the reaction to include also aliphatic amides. Additional valuable features of the reported protocol include: (i) the possibility to scale up the reaction without any erosion of the yield/reaction time; (ii) the recyclability of both the catalyst and the eutectic solvent up to 4 consecutive runs; and (iii) the feasibility of the proposed catalytic system for the synthesis of biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Cicco
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain. and Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Jose A Hernández-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marina Ramos-Martín
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Javier González-Sabín
- EntreChem SL, Vivero Ciencias de la Salud, Santo Domingo de Guzmán, E-33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alejandro Presa Soto
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Filippo M Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain.
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10
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Zhang J, Hou YX, Tang YL, Xu JH, Liu ZK, Gao Y, Hu XQ. Transition-metal-free decarboxylative ipso amination of aryl carboxylic acids. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00442e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented DMAP-catalysed decarboxylative amination of carboxylic acids has been achieved under metal free conditions, enabling the convenient synthesis of structurally diverse aryl and alkyl amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Ye-Xing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Yan-Liu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Ji-Hang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Zi-Kui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- China
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11
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Cheng H, Long X, Bian F, Yang C, Liu X, Jiang H. Efficient photocatalytic one-pot hydrogenation and N-alkylation of nitrobenzenes/benzonitriles with alcohols over Pd/MOFs: Effect of the crystal morphology & “quasi-MOF” structure. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Samzadeh‐Kermani A, Poorhabibi‐Zarandi M. A catalytic synthesis of dihydrofuran‐3(2
H
)‐imine skeletons from isocyanides, terminal alkynes, and oxiranes. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Salamanca V, Albéniz AC. Deuterium Exchange between Arenes and Deuterated Solvents in the Absence of a Transition Metal: Synthesis of D-Labeled Fluoroarenes. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Salamanca
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Valladolid; 47071 Valladolid Spain
| | - Ana C. Albéniz
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Valladolid; 47071 Valladolid Spain
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14
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Beigi-Somar V, Homami SS, Ghazanfarpour-Darjani M, Monzavi A. A catalytic multicomponent protocol to dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate from terminal alkynes, isocyanates, and malonates. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Li S, Li WJ, Yang X, Sun R, Tang J, Zheng XL, Yuan ML, Li RX, Chen H, Fu HY. Selective direct C–H polyfluoroarylation of electron-deficient N-heterocyclic compounds. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00923g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An efficient protocol of C2-selective direct C–H polyfluoroarylation of six-membered N-heterocyclic compounds with polyfluorobenzoic acid via corresponding N-methyl quaternary ammonium salts.
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16
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Bhowmik A, Yadav M, Fernandes RA. Room temperature nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl-boronic acids with thiophenols: synthesis of diarylsulfides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2447-2458. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00244e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mild and easy to operate NiCl2/2,2′-bipyridine-catalyzed cross-coupling of thiophenols with arylboronic acids has been developed for the synthesis of symmetric and unsymmetric diarylsulfides at room temperature and in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bhowmik
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Mahesh Yadav
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Rodney A. Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai
- Mumbai 400076
- India
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17
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Yang D, Yi H, Chen H, Qi X, Lan Y, Pao CW, Lee JF, Zhang H, Chen YH, Lei A. Revealing the reduction process of Cu(ii) by sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide. Faraday Discuss 2019; 220:105-112. [PMID: 31532426 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00034h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic investigation of copper-catalysed transformations has been an important and fundamental task. Herein, we report via XAS and EPR spectroscopy that the sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide could reduce Cu(ii) to a Cu(i) species serving as an electron donor. XAS spectroscopy demonstrates that the newly formed Cu(i) species is the Cu[N(TMS)2]2Na ate complex, in which the nitrogen atoms coordinate with copper linearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Yang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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18
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Tian ZY, Zhang CP. Ullmann-type N-arylation of anilines with alkyl(aryl)sulfonium salts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11936-11939. [PMID: 31531434 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06535k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A palladium/copper-cocatalyzed Ullmann-type N-arylation of anilines using alkyl(aryl)sulfonium triflates as arylation reagents has been accomplished. The reaction enabled Caryl-S bond cleavage over Calkyl-S bond breakage of alkyl(aryl)sulfoniums by Pd(P(tBu)3)2/CuI and gave the corresponding N-arylated products in good to high yields. It was also significant that the reactions of aniline with asymmetric butyl(mesityl)(aryl)sulfonium triflates showed excellent selectivity, in which the aryl groups other than the bulky and electron-rich mesityl moieties were transformed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yu Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China. and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cheng-Pan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China. and School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
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19
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Buglioni L, Mastandrea MM, Frontera A, Pericàs MA. Anion–π Interactions in Light‐Induced Reactions: Role in the Amidation of (Hetero)aromatic Systems with Activated
N
‐Aryloxyamides. Chemistry 2019; 25:11785-11790. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buglioni
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avda. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Marco M. Mastandrea
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avda. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department de Química Universitat de, les Illes Balears Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Baleares Spain
| | - Miquel A. Pericàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avda. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Inorganica i Orgànica Universitat de Barcelona Martí i Franqués 1–11 08028 Barcelona Spain
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20
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Molinaro C, Phillips EM, Xiang B, Milczek E, Shevlin M, Balsells J, Ceglia S, Chen J, Chen L, Chen Q, Fei Z, Hoerrner S, Qi J, de Lera Ruiz M, Tan L, Wan B, Yin J. Synthesis of a CGRP Receptor Antagonist via an Asymmetric Synthesis of 3-Fluoro-4-aminopiperidine. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8006-8018. [PMID: 31124362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A practical and efficient enantioselective synthesis of the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist 1 has been developed. The key structural component of the active pharmaceutical ingredient is a syn-1,2-amino-fluoropiperidine 4. Two approaches were developed to synthesize this important pharmacophore. Initially, Ru-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of fluoride-substituted enamide 8 enabled the synthesis of sufficient quantities of compound 1 to support early preclinical studies. Subsequently, a novel, cost-effective route to this intermediate was developed utilizing a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transamination of ketone 9. This synthesis also features a robust Ullmann coupling to install a bis-aryl ether using a soluble Cu(I) catalyst. Finally, an enzymatic desymmetrization of meso-diester 7 was exploited for the construction of the γ-lactam moiety in 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Molinaro
- Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , 126 East Lincoln Avenue , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Eric M Phillips
- Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , 126 East Lincoln Avenue , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Bangping Xiang
- Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , 126 East Lincoln Avenue , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Erika Milczek
- Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , 126 East Lincoln Avenue , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Michael Shevlin
- Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , 126 East Lincoln Avenue , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Jaume Balsells
- Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , 770 Sumneytown Pike , West Point , Pennsylvania 19486 , United States
| | - Scott Ceglia
- Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , 126 East Lincoln Avenue , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Jiahui Chen
- STA Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd. , 90 Delin Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone , Shanghai 200131 , China
| | - Lu Chen
- STA Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd. , 90 Delin Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone , Shanghai 200131 , China
| | - Qinghao Chen
- Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , 126 East Lincoln Avenue , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Zhongbo Fei
- Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , 126 East Lincoln Avenue , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Scott Hoerrner
- Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , 126 East Lincoln Avenue , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Ji Qi
- STA Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd. , 90 Delin Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone , Shanghai 200131 , China
| | - Manuel de Lera Ruiz
- Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , 770 Sumneytown Pike , West Point , Pennsylvania 19486 , United States
| | - Lushi Tan
- Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , 126 East Lincoln Avenue , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Baoqiang Wan
- STA Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd. , 90 Delin Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone , Shanghai 200131 , China
| | - Jingjun Yin
- Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , 126 East Lincoln Avenue , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
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21
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Lu JY. Copper-catalyzed synthesis of 2-aminopyridylbenzoxazoles via domino reactions of intermolecular N-arylation and intramolecular O-arylation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:13414-13417. [PMID: 35519581 PMCID: PMC9063911 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01908a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and general approach to nitrogen-containing heterocycles via copper-catalyzed domino reaction has been developed, and the corresponding 2-aminopyridylbenzoxazole derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields using the readily available starting materials. This method possesses unique step economy features, and is of high tolerance towards various functional groups in the substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-You Lu
- Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Reaction Engineering of Haikou, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
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22
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Mahmoud NN, Alhusban AA, Ali JI, Al-Bakri AG, Hamed R, Khalil EA. Preferential Accumulation of Phospholipid-PEG and Cholesterol-PEG Decorated Gold Nanorods into Human Skin Layers and Their Photothermal-Based Antibacterial Activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5796. [PMID: 30962476 PMCID: PMC6453979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a library of gold nanorods (GNR) decorated with polyethylene glycol-thiol (PEG-SH) containing different functionalities were synthesized and characterized by optical absorption spectroscopy, zeta potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The colloidal stability of GNR when exposed to skin, and their preferential accumulation into excised human skin layers were investigated. Confocal laser scanning microscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) were utilized to track the penetration of GNR into different skin layers. The results demonstrated that cholesterol-PEG coated GNR were preferentially loaded up in the upper layers of skin (stratum corneum), while phospholipid-PEG coated counterparts were drastically deposited in skin dermis. Neutral methoxy-PEG-coated GNR were distributed in both SC and dermis skin layers, while charged GNR (anionic-carboxylic acid-PEG-GNR and cationic-amine-PEG-GNR) revealed a minimal accumulation into skin. DSPE-PEG-GNR and Chol-PEG-GNR demonstrated antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (S aureus) at MIC values of 0.011 nM and 0.75 nM, respectively. Photothermal treatment for S. aureus at sub-MIC concentrations resulted in a significant bactericidal effect when using Chol-PEG-GNR but not DSPE-PEG-GNR. Gold-based nanoscale systems have great value as a promising platform for skin diseases therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf N Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11733, Jordan.
| | - Ala A Alhusban
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11733, Jordan
| | - Jamila Isabilla Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11733, Jordan
| | - Amal G Al-Bakri
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Rania Hamed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11733, Jordan
| | - Enam A Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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23
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New Insights into the Reaction Capabilities of Ionic Organic Bases in Cu-Catalyzed Amination. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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24
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Yang Q, Yang Z, Tan Y, Zhao J, Sun Q, Zhang H, Zhang Y. Direct C(
sp
2
)−H Amination to Synthesize Primary 3‐aminoquinoxalin‐2(1
H
)‐ones under Simple and Mild Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy SavingHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Zibing Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy SavingHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Yushi Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy SavingHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiquan Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy SavingHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy SavingHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong‐Yu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy SavingHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuecheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy SavingHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 People's Republic of China
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25
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Pichette Drapeau M, Bahri J, Lichte D, Gooßen LJ. Decarboxylative ipso
Amination of Activated Benzoic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pichette Drapeau
- ZEMOS; Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Janet Bahri
- ZEMOS; Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Dominik Lichte
- ZEMOS; Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Lukas J. Gooßen
- ZEMOS; Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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26
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Pichette Drapeau M, Bahri J, Lichte D, Gooßen LJ. Decarboxylative ipso
Amination of Activated Benzoic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:892-896. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pichette Drapeau
- ZEMOS; Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Janet Bahri
- ZEMOS; Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Dominik Lichte
- ZEMOS; Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Lukas J. Gooßen
- ZEMOS; Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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27
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Das TC, Quadri SAI, Farooqui M. Efficient and Regioselective Synthesis of Phenothiazine via Ferric Citrate Catalyzed C-S/C-N Cross-Coupling. LETT ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178615666180806114523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Efficient C-S and C-N cross-coupling reactions have been developed for regioselective, scalable
and environmentally benign synthesis of substituted phenothiazine derivatives. Cross-coupling reactions
were demonstrated on various challenging substrates using non-toxic, highly economical, readily
available ferric citrate as a catalyst to get desired product with high regioselectivity. Atom economy
is the added advantage of this protocol since additional N-protection step before coupling and eventual
deprotection of the same to obtain the desired product arenot required. To the best of our knowledge,
this is the first report on the use of inexpensive ferric citrate as a catalyst without involving any ligand
for the synthesis of regioselectively substituted phenothiazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonmoy Chitta Das
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria College for Women, Aurangabad-431001 (M.S.), India
| | - Syed Aziz Imam Quadri
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria College for Women, Aurangabad-431001 (M.S.), India
| | - Mazahar Farooqui
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria College for Women, Aurangabad-431001 (M.S.), India
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28
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Thirupathi A, Janni M, Peruncheralathan S. Copper Catalyzed Intramolecular N-Arylation of Ketene Aminals at Room Temperature: Synthesis of 2-Amino-3-cyanoindoles. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8668-8678. [PMID: 29847946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Various 2-amino-3-cyanoindoles are synthesized through copper catalyzed intramolecular N-arylations of ketene aminals at room temperature for the first time with 60-99% yields within 0.1-2 h. Controlled regioselective N-arylations of unsymmetrical ketene aminals are also studied. Further, a new double heteroannulation approach is demonstrated for the synthesis of 11-aminoindolo[2,3- b]quinolines from acyclic and nonheterocyclic precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaram Thirupathi
- School of Chemical Sciences , National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar , HBNI, Jatni , Khurda 752050 , Odisha , India
| | - Manojkumar Janni
- School of Chemical Sciences , National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar , HBNI, Jatni , Khurda 752050 , Odisha , India
| | - Saravanan Peruncheralathan
- School of Chemical Sciences , National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar , HBNI, Jatni , Khurda 752050 , Odisha , India
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29
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Li CA, Ji W, Qu J, Jing S, Gao F, Zhu DR. A PEG/copper(i) halide cluster as an eco-friendly catalytic system for C-N bond formation. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:7463-7470. [PMID: 29786101 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic activities of eight copper(i) halide clusters assembled from copper(i) halide and ferrocenyltelluroethers, 1-8, were investigated in C-N formation under various conditions. A catalytic procedure using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-400) as a greener alternative organic solvent has been developed. The PEG-400/5 system can achieve 99% targeted yield with a mild reaction temperature and short reaction time. After the isolation of the products by extraction with diethyl ether, this PEG-400/cluster system could be easily recycled. Spectroscopic studies elucidate a stepwise mechanism: firstly, proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) involving the transfer of an electron from Cu+ and a proton from imidazole results in the formation of a labile penta-coordinated Cu2+ and aryl radical; the following effective electron transfer from the ferrocene unit reduces Cu2+ and forms the target product; finally, the ferrocenium unit is reduced by the I- anion. The merits of this eco-friendly synthesis are the efficient utilization of reagents and easy recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-An Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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30
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Lo QA, Sale D, Braddock DC, Davies RP. Mechanistic and Performance Studies on the Ligand-Promoted Ullmann Amination Reaction. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quintin A. Lo
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - David Sale
- Process
Studies Group, Jealott’s Hill Research Centre, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - D. Christopher Braddock
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert P. Davies
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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31
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Amal Joseph PJ, Priyadarshini S. Copper-Mediated C–X Functionalization of Aryl Halides. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Amal Joseph
- Department
of Chemistry, St. Albert’s College, Ernakulam, Kerala 682018, India
| | - S. Priyadarshini
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
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32
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Bhunia S, Pawar GG, Kumar SV, Jiang Y, Ma D. Selected Copper-Based Reactions for C−N, C−O, C−S, and C−C Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16136-16179. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Bhunia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 354 Fenglin Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Govind Goroba Pawar
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 354 Fenglin Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - S. Vijay Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 354 Fenglin Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yongwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 354 Fenglin Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 354 Fenglin Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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33
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Bhunia S, Pawar GG, Kumar SV, Jiang Y, Ma D. Ausgewählte Kupfer-katalysierte Reaktionen für die Bildung von C-N-, C-O-, C-S- und C-C-Bindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Bhunia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 354 Fenglin Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Govind Goroba Pawar
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 354 Fenglin Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - S. Vijay Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 354 Fenglin Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yongwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 354 Fenglin Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 354 Fenglin Lu Shanghai 200032 China
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34
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Sherborne GJ, Adomeit S, Menzel R, Rabeah J, Brückner A, Fielding MR, Willans CE, Nguyen BN. Origins of high catalyst loading in copper(i)-catalysed Ullmann-Goldberg C-N coupling reactions. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7203-7210. [PMID: 29147546 PMCID: PMC5688446 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02859h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A mechanistic investigation of Ullmann-Goldberg reactions using soluble and partially soluble bases led to the identification of various pathways for catalyst deactivation through (i) product inhibition with amine products, (ii) by-product inhibition with inorganic halide salts, and (iii) ligand exchange by soluble carboxylate bases. The reactions using partially soluble inorganic bases showed variable induction periods, which are responsible for the reproducibility issues in these reactions. Surprisingly, more finely milled Cs2CO3 resulted in a longer induction period due to the higher concentration of the deprotonated amine/amide, leading to suppressed catalytic activity. These results have significant implications on future ligand development for the Ullmann-Goldberg reaction and on the solid form of the inorganic base as an important variable with mechanistic ramifications in many catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant J Sherborne
- Institute of Process Research & Development , School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Sven Adomeit
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V , Albert-Einstein Straβe 29a , 18059 , Rostock , Germany
| | - Robert Menzel
- Institute of Process Research & Development , School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V , Albert-Einstein Straβe 29a , 18059 , Rostock , Germany
| | - Angelika Brückner
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V , Albert-Einstein Straβe 29a , 18059 , Rostock , Germany
| | - Mark R Fielding
- AstraZeneca , Pharmaceutical Technology and Development , Etherow T41/18, Silk Road Business Park, Charter Way , Macclesfield , SK10 2NA , UK
| | - Charlotte E Willans
- Institute of Process Research & Development , School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Bao N Nguyen
- Institute of Process Research & Development , School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
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35
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Nakhate AV, Yadav GD. Solvothermal Synthesis of CuFe2
O4
@rGO: Efficient Catalyst for C-O Cross Coupling and N-
arylation Reaction under Ligand-Free Condition. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akhil V. Nakhate
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical Technology; Matunga Mumbai- 400 019 India
| | - Ganapati D. Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical Technology; Matunga Mumbai- 400 019 India
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36
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Tassone JP, MacQueen PM, Lavoie CM, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Stradiotto M. Nickel-Catalyzed N-Arylation of Cyclopropylamine and Related Ammonium Salts with (Hetero)aryl (Pseudo)halides at Room Temperature. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Tassone
- Department
of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Preston M. MacQueen
- Department
of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Christopher M. Lavoie
- Department
of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- X-Ray
Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-Ray
Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department
of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
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37
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Veisi H, Hemmati S, Javaheri H. N -Arylation of indole and aniline by a green synthesized CuO nanoparticles mediated by Thymbra spicata leaves extract as a recyclable and heterogeneous nanocatalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Li P, Ma N, Li J, Wang Z, Dai Q, Hu C. Regioselective Synthesis of 2-Vinylanilines Using O-aroyloxycarba-mates by Sequential Decarboxylation/Amination/Heck Reaction. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8251-8257. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peihe Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster
Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nuannuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster
Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jikun Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster
Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster
Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qipu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Cluster
Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changwen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster
Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
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39
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Taniguchi T, Naka T, Imoto M, Takeda M, Nakai T, Mihara M, Mizuno T, Nomoto A, Ogawa A. Transition-Metal-Free and Oxidant-Free Cross-Coupling of Arylhydrazines with Disulfides: Base-Promoted Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Aryl Sulfides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:6647-6655. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Taniguchi
- Seika Corporation, 1-1-82 Kozaika, Wakayama 641-0007, Japan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takuya Naka
- Seika Corporation, 1-1-82 Kozaika, Wakayama 641-0007, Japan
| | | | | | - Takeo Nakai
- Morinomiya
Center, Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka 536-8553, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Mihara
- Morinomiya
Center, Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka 536-8553, Japan
| | - Takumi Mizuno
- Morinomiya
Center, Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka 536-8553, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nomoto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Akiya Ogawa
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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40
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Ding X, Huang M, Yi Z, Du D, Zhu X, Wan Y. Room-Temperature CuI-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Iodides and Aryl Bromides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5416-5423. [PMID: 28436219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A general and effective CuI/N',N'-diaryl-1H-pyrrole-2-carbohydrazide catalyst system was developed for the amination of aryl iodides and bromides at room temperature with good chemoselectivity between -OH and -NH2 groups. Only 5 mol % of CuI and ligands was needed in this protocol to effect the amination of various aryl bromides and aryl iodides with a wide range of aliphatic and aryl amines (1.3 equiv).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and ‡School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Manna Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and ‡School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and ‡School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Dongchen Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and ‡School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xinhai Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and ‡School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yiqian Wan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and ‡School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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41
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Pawar GG, Wu H, De S, Ma D. Copper(I) Oxide/N
,N′
-Bis[(2-furyl)methyl]oxalamide-Catalyzed Coupling of (Hetero)aryl Halides and Nitrogen Heterocycles at Low Catalytic Loading. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Govind Goroba Pawar
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 354 Fenglin Lu Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 354 Fenglin Lu Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Subhadip De
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 354 Fenglin Lu Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 354 Fenglin Lu Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
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42
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Gurjar KK, Sharma RK. Mechanistic Studies of Ullmann-Type C-N Coupling Reactions: Carbonate-Ligated Copper(III) Intermediates. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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43
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Wang WJ, Liu XJ, Wang XC. Silver-Mediated C−S Cross-Coupling of Di(pyrimidin-2-yl) Disulfides with Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Gansu, Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
- Gan Su Medical College; Gansu, Pingliang 744000 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Gansu, Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
| | - Xi-Cun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; Gansu, Lanzhou 730070 P. R. China
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44
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Zhao X, She Y, Fang K, Li G. CuCl-Catalyzed Ullmann-Type C–N Cross-Coupling Reaction of Carbazoles and 2-Bromopyridine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2017; 82:1024-1033. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yuanbin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Kun Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Guijie Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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45
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Sung S, Sale D, Braddock DC, Armstrong A, Brennan C, Davies RP. Mechanistic Studies on the Copper-Catalyzed N-Arylation of Alkylamines Promoted by Organic Soluble Ionic Bases. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sung
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - David Sale
- Process Studies
Group, Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - D. Christopher Braddock
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Armstrong
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Brennan
- Process Studies
Group, Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Robert P. Davies
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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46
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Nemati F, Elhampour A. Nano-magnetic Fe3O4@TiO2/Cu2O composite: a simple, effective and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for ligand-free N-arylation of amines and nitrogen heterocycles. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Yakushev AA, Averin AD, Colacino E, Lamaty F, Beletskaya IP. Microwave-promoted N-arylation of imidazole and amino acids in the presence of Cu2O and CuO in poly(ethylene glycol). Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-016-1442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Kutchukian PS, Dropinski JF, Dykstra KD, Li B, DiRocco DA, Streckfuss EC, Campeau LC, Cernak T, Vachal P, Davies IW, Krska SW, Dreher SD. Chemistry informer libraries: a chemoinformatics enabled approach to evaluate and advance synthetic methods. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2604-2613. [PMID: 28660032 PMCID: PMC5477042 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04751j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major new advances in synthetic chemistry methods are typically reported using simple, non-standardized reaction substrates, and reaction failures are rarely documented. This makes the evaluation and choice of a synthetic method difficult. We report a standardized complex molecule diagnostic approach using collections of relevant drug-like molecules which we call chemistry informer libraries. With this approach, all chemistry results, successes and failures, can be documented to compare and evolve synthetic methods. To aid in the visualization of chemistry results in drug-like physicochemical space we have used an informatics methodology termed principal component analysis. We have validated this method using palladium- and copper-catalyzed reactions, including Suzuki-Miyaura, cyanation and Buchwald-Hartwig amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Kutchukian
- Department of Structural Chemistry , Merck Research Laboratories , Merck and Co., Inc. , Boston , MA 02115 , USA
| | - James F Dropinski
- Department of Process and Analytical Chemistry , Merck Research Laboratories , Merck and Co., Inc. , Rahway , NJ 07065 , USA .
| | - Kevin D Dykstra
- Department of Discovery Chemistry , Merck Research Laboratories , Merck and Co., Inc. , Rahway , NJ 07065 , USA .
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Discovery Chemistry , Merck Research Laboratories , Merck and Co., Inc. , Rahway , NJ 07065 , USA .
| | - Daniel A DiRocco
- Department of Process and Analytical Chemistry , Merck Research Laboratories , Merck and Co., Inc. , Rahway , NJ 07065 , USA .
| | - Eric C Streckfuss
- Department of Discovery Chemistry , Merck Research Laboratories , Merck and Co., Inc. , Rahway , NJ 07065 , USA .
| | - Louis-Charles Campeau
- Department of Process and Analytical Chemistry , Merck Research Laboratories , Merck and Co., Inc. , Rahway , NJ 07065 , USA .
| | - Tim Cernak
- Department of Discovery Chemistry , Merck Research Laboratories , Merck and Co., Inc. , Rahway , NJ 07065 , USA .
| | - Petr Vachal
- Department of Discovery Chemistry , Merck Research Laboratories , Merck and Co., Inc. , Rahway , NJ 07065 , USA .
| | - Ian W Davies
- Department of Process and Analytical Chemistry , Merck Research Laboratories , Merck and Co., Inc. , Rahway , NJ 07065 , USA .
| | - Shane W Krska
- Department of Discovery Chemistry , Merck Research Laboratories , Merck and Co., Inc. , Rahway , NJ 07065 , USA .
| | - Spencer D Dreher
- Department of Process and Analytical Chemistry , Merck Research Laboratories , Merck and Co., Inc. , Rahway , NJ 07065 , USA .
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49
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Deldaele C, Evano G. Room-Temperature Practical Copper-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Iodides. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201501375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Deldaele
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique; Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques; Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique; Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques; Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06 1050 Brussels Belgium
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50
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Rodríguez-Vázquez N, Amorín M, Alfonso I, Granja JR. Anion Recognition and Induced Self-Assembly of an α,γ-Cyclic Peptide To Form Spherical Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4504-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Rodríguez-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biológica y Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS); Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Manuel Amorín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biológica y Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS); Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Ignacio Alfonso
- Departamento de Química Biológica y Modelización Molecular; Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC); Jordi Girona, 18-26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Juan R. Granja
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biológica y Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS); Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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