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Borocci S, Grandinetti F, Sanna N. Noble Gas-Silicon Cations: Theoretical Insights into the Nature of the Bond. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144592. [PMID: 35889465 PMCID: PMC9323317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure, stability, and bonding situation of some exemplary noble gas-silicon cations were investigated at the MP2/aVTZ level of theory. The explored species include the mono-coordinated NgSiX3+ (Ng = He-Rn; X = H, F, Cl) and NgSiF22+ (Ng = He-Rn), the di-coordinated Ar2SiX3+ (X = H, F, Cl), and the “inserted” FNgSiF2+ (Ng = Kr, Xe, Rn). The bonding analysis was accomplished by the method that we recently proposed to assay the bonding situation of noblegas compounds. The Ng-Si bonds are generally tight and feature a partial contribution of covalency. In the NgSiX3+, the degree of the Ng-Si interaction mirrors the trends of two factors, namely the polarizability of Ng that increases when going from Ng = He to Ng = Rn, and the Lewis acidity of SiX3+ that decreases in the order SiF3+ > SiH3+ > SiCl3+. For the HeSiX3+, it was also possible to catch peculiar effects referable to the small size of He. When going from the NgSiF3+ to the NgSiF22+, the increased charge on Si promotes an appreciable increase inthe Ng-Si interaction, which becomes truly covalent for the heaviest Ng. The strength of the bond also increases when going from the NgSiF3+ to the “inserted” FNgSiF2+, likely due to the cooperative effect of the adjacent F atom. On the other hand, the ligation of a second Ar atom to ArSiX3+ (X = H, F, Cl), as to form Ar2(SiX3+), produces a weakening of the bond. Our obtained data were compared with previous findings already available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Borocci
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università della Tuscia, L.go dell’Università, s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.B.); (N.S.)
- Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici del CNR, Via Salaria, Km 29.500, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Felice Grandinetti
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università della Tuscia, L.go dell’Università, s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.B.); (N.S.)
- Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici del CNR, Via Salaria, Km 29.500, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0761-357126
| | - Nico Sanna
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università della Tuscia, L.go dell’Università, s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.B.); (N.S.)
- Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi del CNR (ISTP), Via Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy
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2
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Armenta Butt S, Price SD. Bimolecular reactions of CH 2CN 2+ with Ar, N 2 and CO: reactivity and dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15824-15839. [PMID: 35758308 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01523d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity, energetics and dynamics of bimolecular reactions between CH2CN2+ and three neutral species (Ar, N2 and CO) have been studied using a position sensitive coincidence methodology at centre-of-mass collision energies of 4.3-5.0 eV. This is the first study of bimolecular reactions involving CH2CN2+, a species relevant to the ionospheres of planets and satellites, including Titan. All of the collision systems investigated display two collision-induced dissociation (CID) channels, resulting in the formation of C+ + CH2N+ and H+ + HC2N+. Evidence for channels involving further dissociation of the CID product HC2N+, forming H + CCN+, were detected in the N2 and CO systems. Proton-transfer from the dication to the neutral species occurs in all three of the systems via a direct mechanism. Additionally, there are product channels resulting from single electron transfer following collisions of CH2CN2+ with both N2 and CO, but interestingly no electron transfer following collisions with Ar. Electronic structure calculations of the lowest energy electronic states of CH2CN2+ reveal six local geometric minima: both doublet and quartet spin states for cyclic, linear (CH2CN), and linear isocyanide (CH2NC) molecular geometries. The lowest energy electronic state was determined to be the doublet state of the cyclic dication. The ready generation of C+ ions by collision-induced dissociation suggests that the cyclic or linear isocyanide dication geometries are present in the [CH2CN]2+ beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Armenta Butt
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Stephen D Price
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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3
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Ghosh A, Maitra A, Kuntar SP, Ghanty TK. Stability-Order Reversal in FSiY and FYSi (Y = N and P) Molecules after the Insertion of a Noble Gas Atom. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1132-1143. [PMID: 35157456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent theoretical prediction and experimental identification of fluorinated noble gas cyanides and isocyanides motivate us to explore a unique novel series of neutral noble gas-inserted heavier cyanofluoride isomers, FNgYSi and FNgSiY (Ng = Kr, Xe, and Rn; Y = N and P), theoretically using quantum chemical calculations. The concerned minima and saddle point geometries have been optimized using DFT, MP2, and CCSD(T) methods. The precursor molecule FSiY is more stable than its isomer FYSi, and the stability order is found to be reversed after the insertion of a noble gas (Ng) atom into them which is in contrast to the previously reported FCN/FNC systems where the stability order in the precursors remains intact after the insertion of a Ng atom into them. The predicted FNgYSi molecules are metastable in nature as they are kinetically stable but thermodynamically unstable with respect to the global minima products (FYSi and Ng). All the calculations for the corresponding FNgSiY molecules clearly indicate that the less stable FNgSiY behaves similarly to the FNgYSi in all respects. The energetics, force constant, and spectroscopic data strongly reinforce the possibility of occurrence of these predicted FNgYSi and FNgSiY molecules which might be experimentally realized under suitable cryogenic condition(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Ghosh
- Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Beam Technology Development Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, , Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Anwesha Maitra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Subrahmanya Prasad Kuntar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, , Mumbai 400 094, India.,Bio Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Tapan K Ghanty
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, , Mumbai 400 094, India.,Bio Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 085, India
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4
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Gorbachev VM, Miloglyadova L, Tsybizova A, Chen P. Application of continuous wave quantum cascade laser in combination with CIVP spectroscopy for investigation of large organic and organometallic ions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:083002. [PMID: 34470415 DOI: 10.1063/5.0058625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly developing mid-infrared quantum cascade laser (QCL) technology gives easy access to broadly tunable mid-IR laser radiation at a modest cost. Despite several applications of QCL in the industry, its usage for spectroscopic investigation of synthetically relevant organic compounds has been limited. Here, we report the application of an external cavity, continuous wave, mid-IR QCL to cryogenic ion vibrational predissociation spectroscopy to analyze a set of large organic molecules, organometallic complexes, and isotopically labeled compounds. The obtained spectra of test molecules are characterized by a high signal-to-noise ratio and low full width at half-maximum-values, allowing the assignment of two compounds with just a few wavenumber difference. Data generated by cw-QCL and spectra produced by another standard Nd:YAG difference-frequency generation system are compared and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter Chen
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Abstract
Because of their closed shells, noble gas (Ng) atoms (Ng = Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) seldom take part in chemical reactions, yet finding such mechanisms not only is of scientific interest but also has practical significance. Following a recent work by Mayer et al. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 116, 8167-8172 (2019)] on the room temperature binding of Ar to a superelectrophilic boron site embedded in a negative ion complex, B12(CN)11 -, we have systematically studied the effect of cluster size and terminal ligands on the interaction of Ng by focusing on B12X11(Ng) (X = H, CN, and BO) and B12X10(Ng)2 (X = CN and BO) whose stabilities are governed by the Wade-Mingos rule and on C5BX5(Ng) (X = H, F, and CN) and C4B2(CN)4(Ng)2 whose stabilities are governed by the Huckel's aromaticity rule. Our conclusion, based on density functional theory, is that both the cluster size and the terminal ligands matter-the interaction between the cluster and the Ng atoms becomes stronger with increasing cluster size and the electron affinity of the terminal ligands. Our studies also led to a counter-intuitive finding-removing multiple terminal ligands can enable electrophilic centers to bind multiple Ng atoms simultaneously without compromising their binding strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fang
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA
| | - Deepika Deepika
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA
| | - Puru Jena
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA
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Tsybizova A, Paenurk E, Gorbachev V, Chen P. Perturbation of Pyridinium CIVP Spectra by N 2 and H 2 Tags: An Experimental and BOMD Study. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8519-8528. [PMID: 32954731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In cryogenic ion vibrational predissociation (CIVP) spectroscopy, the influence of the tag on the spectrum is an important consideration. Whereas for small ions several studies have shown that the tag effects can be significant, these effects are less understood for large ions or for large numbers of tags. Nevertheless, it is commonly assumed that if the investigated molecular ion is large enough, the perturbations arising from the tag are small and can therefore be neglected in the interpretation. In addition, it is generally assumed that the more weakly bound the tag is, the less it perturbs the CIVP spectrum. Under these assumptions, CIVP spectra are claimed to be effectively IR absorption spectra of the free molecular ion. Having observed unexpected splittings in otherwise unproblematic CIVP spectra of some tagged ions, we report Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations that strongly indicate that mobility among the more weakly bound tags leads to the surprising splittings. We compared the behavior of two tags commonly used in CIVP spectroscopy (H2 and N2) with a large pyridinium cation. Our experimental results surprisingly show that under the appropriate circumstances, the more weakly bound tag can perturb the CIVP spectra more than the more strongly bound tag by not just shifting but also splitting the observed bands. The more weakly bound tag had significant residence times at several spectroscopically distinct sites on the molecular ion. This indicates that the weakly bound tag is likely to sample several binding sites in the experiment, some of which involve interaction with the reporter chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tsybizova
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eno Paenurk
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Gorbachev
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Mayer M, Rohdenburg M, van Lessen V, Nierstenhöfer MC, Aprà E, Grabowsky S, Asmis KR, Jenne C, Warneke J. First steps towards a stable neon compound: observation and bonding analysis of [B 12(CN) 11Ne] . Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4591-4594. [PMID: 32207481 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01423k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Noble gas (Ng) containing molecular anions are much scarcer than Ng containing cations. No neon containing anion has been reported so far. Here, the experimental observation of the molecular anion [B12(CN)11Ne]- and a theoretical analysis of the boron-neon bond is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mayer
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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8
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Abstract
Chemically binding to argon (Ar) at room temperature has remained the privilege of the most reactive electrophiles, all of which are cationic (or even dicationic) in nature. Herein, we report a concept for the rational design of anionic superelectrophiles that are composed of a strong electrophilic center firmly embedded in a negatively charged framework of exceptional stability. To validate our concept, we synthesized the percyano-dodecoborate [B12(CN)12]2-, the electronically most stable dianion ever investigated experimentally. It serves as a precursor for the generation of the monoanion [B12(CN)11]-, which indeed spontaneously binds Ar at 298 K. Our mass spectrometric and spectroscopic studies are accompanied by high-level computational investigations including a bonding analysis of the exceptional B-Ar bond. The detection and characterization of this highly reactive, structurally stable anionic superelectrophile starts another chapter in the metal-free activation of particularly inert compounds and elements.
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9
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Collings IE, Bykova E, Bykov M, Petitgirard S, Hanfland M, Paliwoda D, Dubrovinsky L, Dubrovinskaia N. Neon-Bearing Ammonium Metal Formates: Formation and Behaviour under Pressure. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3369-3372. [PMID: 27500946 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of noble gas atoms, in particular neon, into the pores of network structures is very challenging due to the weak interactions they experience with the network solid. Using high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction, we demonstrate that neon atoms enter into the extended network of ammonium metal formates, thus forming compounds Nex [NH4 ][M(HCOO)3 ]. This phenomenon modifies the compressional and structural behaviours of the ammonium metal formates under pressure. The neon atoms can be clearly localised within the centre of [M(HCOO)3 ]5 cages and the total saturation of this site is achieved after ∼1.5 GPa. We find that by using argon as the pressure-transmitting medium, the inclusion inside [NH4 ][M(HCOO)3 ] is inhibited due to the larger size of the argon. This study illustrates the size selectivity of [NH4 ][M(HCOO)3 ] compounds between neon and argon insertion under pressure, and the effect of inclusion on the high-pressure behaviour of neon-bearing ammonium metal formates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines E Collings
- Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Elena Bykova
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Maxim Bykov
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Michael Hanfland
- European Radiation Synchrotron Facility, BP 220, 38043, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Damian Paliwoda
- European Radiation Synchrotron Facility, BP 220, 38043, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Leonid Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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10
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Roithová J, Gray A, Andris E, Jašík J, Gerlich D. Helium Tagging Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Reactive Ions. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:223-30. [PMID: 26821086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The interrogation of reaction intermediates is key for understanding chemical reactions; however their direct observation and study remains a considerable challenge. Mass spectrometry is one of the most sensitive analytical techniques, and its use to study reaction mixtures is now an established practice. However, the information that can be obtained is limited to elemental analysis and possibly to fragmentation behavior, which is often challenging to analyze. In order to extend the available experimental information, different types of spectroscopy in the infrared and visible region have been combined with mass spectrometry. Spectroscopy of mass selected ions usually utilizes the powerful sensitivity of mass spectrometers, and the absorption of photons is not detected as such but rather translated to mass changes. One approach to accomplish such spectroscopy involves loosely binding a tag to an ion that will be removed by absorption of one photon. We have constructed an ion trapping instrument capable of reaching temperatures that are sufficiently low to enable tagging by helium atoms in situ, thus permitting infrared photodissociation spectroscopy (IRPD) to be carried out. While tagging by larger rare gas atoms, such as neon or argon is also possible, these may cause significant structural changes to small and reactive species, making the use of helium highly beneficial. We discuss the "innocence" of helium as a tag in ion spectroscopy using several case studies. It is shown that helium tagging is effectively innocent when used with benzene dications, not interfering with their structure or IRPD spectrum. We have also provided a case study where we can see that despite its minimal size there are systems where He has a huge effect. A strong influence of the He tagging was shown in the IRPD spectra of HCCl(2+) where large spectral shifts were observed. While the presented systems are rather small, they involve the formation of mixtures of isomers. We have therefore implemented two-color experiments where one laser is employed to selectively deplete a mixture by one (or more) isomer allowing helium tagging IRPD spectra of the remaining isomer(s) to be recorded via the second laser. Our experimental setup, based on a linear wire quadrupole ion trap, allows us to deplete almost 100% of all helium tagged ions in the trap. Using this special feature, we have developed attenuation experiments for determination of absolute photofragmentation cross sections. At the same time, this approach can be used to estimate the representation of isomers in a mixture. The ultimate aim is the routine use of this instrument and technique to study a wide range of reaction intermediates in catalysis. To this end, we present a study of hypervalent iron(IV)-oxo complexes ([(L)Fe(O)(NO3)](+)). We show that we can spectroscopically differentiate iron complexes with S = 1 and S = 2 according to the stretching vibrations of a nitrate counterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew Gray
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Andris
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Jašík
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Dieter Gerlich
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
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11
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Sekhar P, Ghosh A, Ghanty TK. Noble Gas Inserted Protonated Silicon Monoxide Cations: HNgOSi+ (Ng = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe). J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11601-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sekhar
- Theoretical
Chemistry Section, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Ayan Ghosh
- Laser
and Plasma Technology Division, Beam Technology Development Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Tapan K. Ghanty
- Theoretical
Chemistry Section, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
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12
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Gao K, Sheng L. Theoretical investigation of HNgNH3(+) ions (Ng = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe). J Chem Phys 2015; 142:144301. [PMID: 25877572 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The equilibrium geometries, harmonic frequencies, and dissociation energies of HNgNH3(+) ions (Ng = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) were investigated using the following method: Becke-3-parameter-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP), Boese-Matrin for Kinetics (BMK), second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), and coupled-cluster with single and double excitations as well as perturbative inclusion of triples (CCSD(T)). The results indicate that HHeNH3(+), HArNH3(+), HKrNH3(+), and HXeNH3(+) ions are metastable species that are protected from decomposition by high energy barriers, whereas the HNeNH3(+) ion is unstable because of its relatively small energy barrier for decomposition. The bonding nature of noble-gas atoms in HNgNH3(+) was also analyzed using the atoms in molecules approach, natural energy decomposition analysis, and natural bond orbital analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunqi Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
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Pan S, Moreno D, Ghosh S, Chattaraj PK, Merino G. Structure and stability of noble gas bound
EX3+ compounds (E = C, Ge, Sn, Pb; X = H, F, Cl, Br). J Comput Chem 2015; 37:226-36. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Diego Moreno
- Departamento de Física Aplicada; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados; Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex Mérida Yucatan 97310 México
| | - Sreyan Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Pratim K. Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados; Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex Mérida Yucatan 97310 México
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14
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Pan S, Saha R, Chattaraj PK. Exploring the nature of silicon-noble gas bonds in H3SiNgNSi and HSiNgNSi compounds (Ng = Xe, Rn). Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6402-18. [PMID: 25809612 PMCID: PMC4394539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16036402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ab initio and density functional theory-based computations are performed to investigate the structure and stability of H3SiNgNSi and HSiNgNSi compounds (Ng = Xe, Rn). They are thermochemically unstable with respect to the dissociation channel producing Ng and H3SiNSi or HSiNSi. However, they are kinetically stable with respect to this dissociation channel having activation free energy barriers of 19.3 and 23.3 kcal/mol for H3SiXeNSi and H3SiRnNSi, respectively, and 9.2 and 12.8 kcal/mol for HSiXeNSi and HSiRnNSi, respectively. The rest of the possible dissociation channels are endergonic in nature at room temperature for Rn analogues. However, one three-body dissociation channel for H3SiXeNSi and one two-body and one three-body dissociation channels for HSiXeNSi are slightly exergonic in nature at room temperature. They become endergonic at slightly lower temperature. The nature of bonding between Ng and Si/N is analyzed by natural bond order, electron density and energy decomposition analyses. Natural population analysis indicates that they could be best represented as (H3SiNg)+(NSi)- and (HSiNg)+(NSi)-. Energy decomposition analysis further reveals that the contribution from the orbital term (ΔEorb) is dominant (ca. 67%-75%) towards the total attraction energy associated with the Si-Ng bond, whereas the electrostatic term (ΔEelstat) contributes the maximum (ca. 66%-68%) for the same in the Ng-N bond, implying the covalent nature of the former bond and the ionic nature of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Ranajit Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Pratim K Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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15
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Pan S, Saha R, Chattaraj PK. On the stability of noble gas bound 1-tris(pyrazolyl)borate beryllium and magnesium complexes. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00983a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1-Tris(pyrazolyl)borate beryllium and magnesium cationic complexes are found to bind Ar–Rn atoms quite effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- India
| | - Ranajit Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- India
| | - Pratim K. Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- India
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16
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Jašík J, Gerlich D, Roithová J. Two-Color Infrared Predissociation Spectroscopy of C6H62+ Isomers Using Helium Tagging. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:2532-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5088064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Jašík
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Dieter Gerlich
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Department
of Physics, University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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17
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Pan S, Moreno D, Merino G, Chattaraj PK. Stability of Noble-Gas-Bound SiH3+Clusters. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:3554-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Jašík J, Gerlich D, Roithová J. Probing Isomers of the Benzene Dication in a Low-Temperature Trap. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2960-2. [DOI: 10.1021/ja412109h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Jašík
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Dieter Gerlich
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Department
of Physics, University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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19
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Zhang M, Sheng L. Predicted organic compounds derived from rare gas atoms and formic acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:196-203. [PMID: 24232663 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52175c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Organic insertion compounds of rare gas atoms into formic acid were investigated at the MP2(full)/aug-cc-pVTZ level. There are two configuration isomers for each molecule based on the location of H atoms: trans- and cis-HCOORgH (Rg = Ar, Kr, Xe). Their structures, harmonic frequencies, and decomposition energies have been calculated using the above ab initio method. Using trans-HCOOXeH as an example, natural bond orbital (NBO) and atom-in-molecules (AIM) analyses were also carried out to explore the binding nature of the rare gas atoms. The formation mechanism of molecular orbitals is also presented in this paper. The presented results indicate that HCOOXeH and HCOOKrH are potential candidates for experimental observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Research Center, Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
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20
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Fletcher JD, Parkes MA, Price SD. Bond-Forming Reactions of Small Triply Charged Cations with Neutral Molecules. Chemistry 2013; 19:10965-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Zhang M, Sheng L. Ab initio study of the organic xenon insertion compound into ethylene and ethane. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:114301. [PMID: 23534633 DOI: 10.1063/1.4795007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper studies Xe-insertion ethylene and ethane compounds, i.e., HXeC2H3 and HXeC2H5. The structures, harmonic frequencies, and energetics for both molecules have been calculated at the MP2(full)/6-311++G(2d,2p) level. Our theoretical results predict the existence of HXeC2H3 and the instability of HXeC2H5. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis shows a strong ionic bond between the xenon atom and hydrocarbon radical. In addition, the interaction between the donor (Xe lone pair) and acceptor (the C-C antibonding orbital, i.e., π*(C-C)) increases the stability of HXeC2H3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Research Center, Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
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22
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Savoca M, Langer J, Harding DJ, Dopfer O, Fielicke A. Incipient chemical bond formation of Xe to a cationic silicon cluster: Vibrational spectroscopy and structure of the Si4Xe+ complex. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Shaffer CJ, Schröder D, Alcaraz C, Žabka J, Zins EL. Reactions of Doubly Ionized Benzene with Nitrogen and Water: A Nitrogen-Mediated Entry into Superacid Chemistry. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:2688-98. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Unimolecular dissociation of doubly ionized toluene and electron transfer between neutral toluene and its dication. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Schröder D. Energy partitioning in single-electron transfer events between gaseous dications and their neutral counterparts. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2012; 18:139-148. [PMID: 22641725 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Electron-transfer reactions between hydrocarbon dications and neutral hydrocarbons lead to an unequal deposition of the excess energy from the reaction in the pair of monocations formed. The initial observation of this phenomenon was explained by the different states accessible upon single-electron capture by a dication compared to single-electron ejection from a neutral compound. Alternatively, however, isomeric structures of the dicationic species, pronounced Franck-Condon effects, as well as excess energy in the dicationic precursors could cause the asymmetric energy partitioning in such dication/neutral collisions. Here, the investigation of this phenomenon in an interdisciplinary cooperation is described, shedding light not only upon a possible solution of the problem at hand, but also providing an example for the synergistic benefits of international research networks applying complementary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlef Schröder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic.
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26
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Parkes MA, Lockyear JF, Schröder D, Roithová J, Price SD. Electronic state selectivity in dication-molecule single electron transfer reactions: NO(2+) + NO. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:18386-92. [PMID: 21842050 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21612k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The single-electron transfer reaction between NO(2+) and NO, which initially forms a pair of NO(+) ions, has been studied using a position-sensitive coincidence technique. The reactivity in this class of collision system, which involves the interaction of a dication with its neutral precursor, provides a sensitive test of recent ideas concerning electronic state selectivity in dicationic single-electron transfer reactions. In stark contrast to the recently observed single-electron transfer reactivity in the analogous CO(2)(2+)/CO(2) and O(2)(2+)/O(2) collision systems, electron transfer between NO(2+) and NO generates two product NO(+) ions which behave in an identical manner, whether the ions are formed from NO(2+) or NO. This observed behaviour is in excellent accord with the recently proposed rationalization of the state selectivity in dication-molecule SET reactions using simple propensity rules involving one-electron transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Parkes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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27
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Operti L, Rabezzana R, Turco F, Borocci S, Giordani M, Grandinetti F. Xenon–Nitrogen Chemistry: Gas‐Phase Generation and Theoretical Investigation of the Xenon–Difluoronitrenium Ion F
2
NXe
+. Chemistry 2011; 17:10682-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Operti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale e Chimica Organica, Università degli Studi di Torino, C.so M. d'Azeglio, 48, 10125 Torino (Italy)
| | - Roberto Rabezzana
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale e Chimica Organica, Università degli Studi di Torino, C.so M. d'Azeglio, 48, 10125 Torino (Italy)
| | - Francesca Turco
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale e Chimica Organica, Università degli Studi di Torino, C.so M. d'Azeglio, 48, 10125 Torino (Italy)
| | - Stefano Borocci
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, L.go dell' Università, s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo (Italy), Fax: (+39) 0761‐357179
| | - Maria Giordani
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, L.go dell' Università, s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo (Italy), Fax: (+39) 0761‐357179
| | - Felice Grandinetti
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, L.go dell' Università, s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo (Italy), Fax: (+39) 0761‐357179
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28
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Antoniotti P, Bottizzo E, Operti L, Rabezzana R, Borocci S, Grandinetti F. Gas-phase chemistry of ionized and protonated GeF4: a joint experimental and theoretical study. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2011; 46:465-477. [PMID: 21500305 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The gas-phase ion chemistry of GeF(4) and of its mixtures with water, ammonia and hydrocarbons was investigated by ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS) and ab initio calculations. Under ITMS conditions, the only fragment detected from ionized GeF(4) is GeF(3)(+). This cation is a strong Lewis acid, able to react with H(2)O, NH(3) and the unsaturated C(2)H(2), C(2)H(4) and C(6)H(6) by addition-HF elimination reactions to form F(2)Ge(XH)(+), FGe(XH)(2)(+), Ge(XH)(3)(+) (X = OH or NH(2)), F(2)GeC(2)H(+), F(2)GeC(2)H(3)(+) and F(2)GeC(6)H(5)(+). The structure, stability and thermochemistry of these products and the mechanistic aspects of the exemplary reactions of GeF(3)(+) with H(2)O, NH(3) and C(6)H(6) were investigated by MP2 and coupled cluster calculations. The experimental proton affinity (PA) and gas basicity (GB) of GeF(4) were estimated as 121.5 ± 6.0 and 117.1 ± 6.0 kcal mol(-1), respectively, and GeF(4)H(+) was theoretically characterized as an ion-dipole complex between GeF(3)(+) and HF. Consistently, it reacts with simple inorganic and organic molecules to form GeF(3)(+)-L complexes (L = H(2)O, NH(3), C(2)H(2), C(2)H(4), C(6)H(6), CO(2), SO(2) and GeF(4)). The theoretical investigation of the stability of these ions with respect to GeF(3)(+) and L disclosed nearly linear correlations between their dissociation enthalpies and free energies and the PA and GB of L. Comparing the behavior of GeF(3)(+) with the previously investigated CF(3)(+) and SiF(3)(+) revealed a periodically reversed order of reactivity CF(3)(+) < GeF(3)(+) < SiF(3)(+). This parallels the order of the Lewis acidities of the three cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Antoniotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale e Chimica Organica, Università degli Studi di Torino, C.so M. d'Azeglio, 48, 10125 Torino, Italy
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29
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Zins EL, Milko P, Schröder D, Aysina J, Ascenzi D, Žabka J, Alcaraz C, Price SD, Roithová J. Formation of Organoxenon Dications in the Reactions of Xenon with Dications Derived from Toluene. Chemistry 2011; 17:4012-20. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Grandinetti F. Review: gas-phase ion chemistry of the noble gases: recent advances and future perspectives. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2011; 17:423-463. [PMID: 22173538 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This review article surveys recent experimental and theoretical advances in the gas-phase ion chemistry of the noble gases. Covered issues include the interaction of the noble gases with metal and non-metal cations, the conceivable existence of covalent noble-gas anions, the occurrence of ion-molecule reactions involving singly-charged xenon cations, and the occurrence of bond-forming reactions involving doubly-charged cations. Research themes are also highlighted, that are expected to attract further interest in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Grandinetti
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, L.go dell'Università, s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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31
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Ascenzi D, Aysina J, Zins EL, Schröder D, Žabka J, Alcaraz C, Price SD, Roithová J. Double ionization of cycloheptatriene and the reactions of the resulting C7Hn2+ dications (n = 6, 8) with xenon. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:18330-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21634a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Lockyear JF, Parkes MA, Price SD. Fast and Efficient Fluorination of Small Molecules by SF42+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Lockyear JF, Parkes MA, Price SD. Fast and Efficient Fluorination of Small Molecules by SF42+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 50:1322-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Giordani M, Antoniotti P, Grandinetti F. Stabilization of HHeF by complexation: is it a really viable strategy? Chemistry 2010; 16:6257-64. [PMID: 20397245 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio calculations at the MP2 and CCSD(T) levels of theory have disclosed the conceivable existence of fluorine-coordinated complexes of HHeF with alkali-metal ions and molecules M(+) (M(+)=Li(+)-Cs(+)), M(+)-OH(2), M(+)-NH(3) (M(+)=Li(+), Na(+)), and MX (M=Li, Na; X=F, Cl, Br). All these ligands L induce a shortening of the H-He distance and a lengthening of the He-F distance accompanied by consistent blue- and redshifts, respectively, of the H-He and He-F stretching modes. These structural effects are qualitatively similar to those predicted for other investigated complexes of the noble gas hydrides HNgY, but are quantitatively more pronounced. For example, the blueshifts of the H-He stretching mode are exceptionally large, ranging between around 750 and 1000 cm(-1). The interactions of HHeF with the ligands investigated herein also enhance the (HHe)(+)F(-) dipole character and produce large complexation energies of around 20-60 kcal mol(-1). Most of the HHeF-L complexes are indeed so stable that the three-body dissociation of HHeF into H+He+F, exothermic by around 25-30 kcal mol(-1), becomes endothermic. This effect is, however, accompanied by a strong decrease in the H-He-F bending barrier. The complexation energies, DeltaE, and the bending barriers, E*, are, in particular, related by the inverse relationship E*(kcal mol(-1))=6.9exp[-0.041DeltaE(kcal mol(-1))]. Therefore the HHeF-L complexes, which are definitely stable with respect to H+He+F+L (DeltaE approximately 25-30 kcal mol(-1)), are predicted to have bending barriers of only 0.5-2 kcal mol(-1). Overall, our calculations cast doubt on the conceivable stabilization of HHeF by complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giordani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università della Tuscia, L.go dell' Università, s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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35
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Borocci S, Bronzolino N, Giordani M, Grandinetti F. Cationic noble gas hydrides: a theoretical investigation of dinuclear HNgFNgH+ (Ng = He-Xe). J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:7382-90. [PMID: 20560587 DOI: 10.1021/jp102018n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical calculations at the B3LYP, MP2, and CCSD(T) levels of theory disclose the conceivable existence of cationic noble gas hydrides containing two Ng atoms. These species have a general formula of HNgFNgH(+) (Ng = He-Xe), and are the cationic counterparts of the neutral HNgF. The optimized geometries, harmonic frequencies, and bonding properties point to ion-dipole complexes between a fluoride anion and two covalent H-Ng(+) cations, best formulated as (H-Ng(+))(2)F(-). The HXeFXeH(+) is also isoelectronic with the recently experimentally observed HXeOXeH (Khriachtchev et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 6114-6118). The resulting HNgFNgH(+) are thermochemically stable with respect to dissociation into HNg(+) + HNgF and HNg(+) + H + Ng + F, but are largely unstable with respect to both the loss of HF (with formation of HNg(+) + Ng) and H(2)F(+) (with formation of two Ng atoms). These decompositions pass through bent transition structures, and only the heaviest HArFArH(+), HKrFKrH(+), and HXeFXeH(+) are protected by energy barriers large enough (ca. 10-15 kcal mol(-1)) to support their conceivable metastability. In line with other series of noble gas compounds, the neon cation HNeFNeH(+) is the least stable among the various HNgFNgH(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Borocci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università della Tuscia, L.go dell' Università, s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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