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Reduction of Ag+ irreversibly adsorbed on cyanide-modified Pt(111). J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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Nanofabrication Techniques in Large-Area Molecular Electronic Devices. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10176064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The societal impact of the electronics industry is enormous—not to mention how this industry impinges on the global economy. The foreseen limits of the current technology—technical, economic, and sustainability issues—open the door to the search for successor technologies. In this context, molecular electronics has emerged as a promising candidate that, at least in the short-term, will not likely replace our silicon-based electronics, but improve its performance through a nascent hybrid technology. Such technology will take advantage of both the small dimensions of the molecules and new functionalities resulting from the quantum effects that govern the properties at the molecular scale. An optimization of interface engineering and integration of molecules to form densely integrated individually addressable arrays of molecules are two crucial aspects in the molecular electronics field. These challenges should be met to establish the bridge between organic functional materials and hard electronics required for the incorporation of such hybrid technology in the market. In this review, the most advanced methods for fabricating large-area molecular electronic devices are presented, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Special emphasis is focused on bottom-up methodologies for the fabrication of well-ordered and tightly-packed monolayers onto the bottom electrode, followed by a description of the top-contact deposition methods so far used.
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3
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Yao Z, Buck M, Bühl M. Density Functional Theory Study of Pd Aggregation on a Pyridine-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayer. Chemistry 2020; 26:10555-10563. [PMID: 32428284 PMCID: PMC7497155 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
By using density functional theory calculations, the initial steps towards Pd metal cluster formation on a pyridine-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) consisting of 3-(4-(pyridine-4-yl)phenyl)propane-1-thiol on an Au(1 1 1) surface are investigated. Theoretical modelling allows the investigation of structural details of the SAM surface and the metal/SAM interface at the atomic level, which is essential for elucidating the nature of Pd-SAM and Pd-Pd interactions at the liquid/solid interface and gaining insight into the mechanism of metal nucleation in the initial stage of electrodeposition. The structural flexibility of SAM molecules was studied first and the most stable conformation was identified, planar molecules in a herringbone packing, as the model for Pd adsorption. Two binding sites are found for Pd atoms on the pyridine end group of the SAM. The strong interaction between Pd atoms and pyridines illustrates the importance of SAM functionalisation in the metal nucleation process. Consistent with an energetic driving force of approximately -0.3 eV per Pd atom towards Pd aggregation suggested by static calculations, a spontaneous Pd dimerisation is observed in ab initio molecular dynamic studies of the system. Nudged elastic band calculations suggest a potential route with a low energy barrier of 0.10 eV for the Pd atom diffusion and then dimerisation on top of the SAM layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yao
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Manfred Buck
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Michael Bühl
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
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4
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She Z, Yao Z, Ménard H, Tobish S, Lahaye D, Champness NR, Buck M. Coordination controlled electrodeposition and patterning of layers of palladium/copper nanoparticles on top of a self-assembled monolayer. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:13773-13782. [PMID: 31305824 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03927a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A scheme for the generation of bimetallic nanoparticles is presented which combines electrodeposition of one type of metal, coordinated to a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), with another metal deposited from the bulk electrolyte. In this way PdCu nanoparticles are generated by initial complexation of Pd2+ to a SAM of 3-(4-(pyridine-4-yl)phenyl)propane-1-thiol (PyP3) on Au/mica and subsequent reduction in an acidic aqueous CuSO4 electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetry reveals that the onset of Cu deposition is triggered by Pd reduction. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) shows that layers of connected particles are formed with an average thickness of less than 3 nm and lateral dimensions of particles in the range of 2 to 5 nm. In X-ray photoelectron spectra a range of binding energies for the Pd 3d signal is observed whereas the Cu 2p signal appears at a single binding energy, even though chemically different Cu species are present: normal and more noble Cu. Up to three components are seen in the N 1s signal, one originating from protonated pyridine moieties, the others reflecting the SAM-metal interaction. It is suggested that the coordination controlled electrodeposition yields layers of particles composed of a Pd core and a Cu shell with a transition region of a PdCu alloy. Deposited on top of the PyP3 SAM, the PdCu particles exhibit weak adhesion which is exploited for patterning by selective removal of particles employing scanning probe techniques. The potential for patterning down to the sub-10 nm scale is demonstrated. Harnessing the deposition contrast between native and PdCu loaded PyP3 SAMs, structures thus created can be developed into patterned continuous layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe She
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Zhen Yao
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Hervé Ménard
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Sven Tobish
- Drochaid Research Services, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Dorothée Lahaye
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Neil R Champness
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Manfred Buck
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
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5
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Wattanavichean N, Gilby M, Nichols RJ, Arnolds H. Detection of Metal–Molecule–Metal Junction Formation by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2644-2651. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nungnit Wattanavichean
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Gilby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Heike Arnolds
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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6
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Reduction of Pd2+ pre-adsorbed on cyanide-modified Pt(111) electrodes: Adlayer metallization vs. metal-on-metal deposition. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Wattanavichean N, Casey E, Nichols RJ, Arnolds H. Discrimination between hydrogen bonding and protonation in the spectra of a surface-enhanced Raman sensor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:866-871. [PMID: 29238769 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06943j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adsorbed mercaptopyridine can sense hydrogen-bonding because the ring breathing mode has a different frequency from bare and protonated species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ella Casey
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 7ZD
- UK
| | | | - Heike Arnolds
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 7ZD
- UK
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9
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Kaminker R, de Hatten X, Lahav M, Lupo F, Gulino A, Evmenenko G, Dutta P, Browne C, Nitschke JR, van der Boom ME. Assembly of Surface-Confined Homochiral Helicates: Chiral Discrimination of DOPA and Unidirectional Charge Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:17052-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4077205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Revital Kaminker
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel,
| | - Xavier de Hatten
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Lahav
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel,
| | - Fabio Lupo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Antonino Gulino
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Guennadi Evmenenko
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, United States,
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States, and
| | - Pulak Dutta
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, United States,
| | - Colm Browne
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Milko E. van der Boom
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel,
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Forster-Tonigold K, Stammer X, Wöll C, Groß A. Temperature effects in the vibrational spectra of self-assembled monolayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:086102. [PMID: 24010456 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.086102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The vibrational spectrum of a thiolate-based self-assembled monolayer fabricated by the adsorption of benzylmercaptan on a Au(111) substrate is studied using a combined experimental and theoretical approach employing infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory. The vibrational spectra are derived both using a finite differences approach and from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations at various temperatures. In addition, the possibility of adsorbate-induced reconstructions of the Au(111) substrate is taken into account. It turns out that the measured spectra can only be understood by taking finite temperatures into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Forster-Tonigold
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, D-89069 Ulm, Germany and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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11
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Muglali MI, Bashir A, Birkner A, Rohwerder M. Hydrogen as an optimum reducing agent for metallization of self-assembled monolayers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32111d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Muglali MI, Liu J, Bashir A, Borissov D, Xu M, Wang Y, Wöll C, Rohwerder M. On the complexation kinetics for metallization of organic layers: palladium onto a pyridine-terminated araliphatic thiol film. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:4703-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40072c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Kučera J, Gross A. Reduced Pd density of states in Pd/SAM/Au junctions: the role of adsorbed hydrogen atoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:2353-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp22740a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kučera
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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14
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Kibler LA, Alkire RC. Dieter M. Kolb (1942-2011). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Kibler LA, Alkire RC. Dieter M. Kolb (1942-2011). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Formation of continuous platinum layer on top of an organic monolayer by electrochemical deposition followed by electroless deposition. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Kučera J, Groß A. Influence of water on the properties of an Au/Mpy/Pd metal/molecule/metal junction. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 2:384-393. [PMID: 22003446 PMCID: PMC3190610 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.2.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The geometric and electronic structure of the metal-molecule interface in metal/molecule/metal junctions is of great interest since it affects the functionality of such units in possible nanoelectronic devices. We have investigated the interaction between water and a palladium monolayer of a Au(111)/4-mercaptopyridine/Pd junction by means of DFT calculations. A relatively strong bond between water and the palladium monolayer of the Au/Mpy/Pd complex is observed via a one-fold bond between the oxygen atom of the water molecule and a Pd atom. An isolated H(2)O molecule adsorbs preferentially in a flat-lying geometry on top of a palladium atom that is at the same time also bound to the nitrogen atom of a Mpy molecule of the underlying self-assembled monolayer. The electronic structure of these Pd atoms is considerably modified which is reflected in a reduced local density of states at the Fermi energy. At higher coverages, water can be arranged in a hexagonal ice-like bilayer structure in analogy to water on bulk metal surfaces, but with a much stronger binding which is dominated by O-Pd bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kučera
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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18
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19
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Kaminker R, Motiei L, Gulino A, Fragalà I, Shimon LJW, Evmenenko G, Dutta P, Iron MA, van der Boom ME. Stepwise Assembly of Coordination-Based Metal−Organic Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:14554-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja105518n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Revital Kaminker
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania 95125, Italy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Leila Motiei
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania 95125, Italy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Antonino Gulino
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania 95125, Italy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Ignazio Fragalà
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania 95125, Italy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Linda J. W. Shimon
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania 95125, Italy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Guennadi Evmenenko
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania 95125, Italy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Pulak Dutta
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania 95125, Italy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Mark A. Iron
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania 95125, Italy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - Milko E. van der Boom
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Catania 95125, Italy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
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Eberle F, Metzler M, Kolb DM, Saitner M, Wagner P, Boyen HG. Metallization of Ultra-Thin, Non-Thiol SAMs with Flat-Lying Molecular Units: Pd on 1, 4-Dicyanobenzene. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:2951-6. [PMID: 20715271 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Eberle
- Institute of Electrochemistry, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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21
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Kucera J, Gross A. Geometric and electronic structure of Pd/4-aminothiophenol/Au(111) metal–molecule–metal contacts: a periodic DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:4423-30. [PMID: 20407715 DOI: 10.1039/b923700c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kucera
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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