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Kosumi D, Kusumoto T, Hashimoto H. Unique ultrafast excited states dynamics of artificial short-polyene carotenoid analog 2-(all-trans-β-ionylideneetinylidene)-indan-1,3-dione. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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2
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Leier J, Michenfelder NC, Unterreiner A. Understanding the Photoexcitation of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:72-82. [PMID: 33565733 PMCID: PMC7874249 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoexcitation of (neat) room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) leads to the observation of transient species that are reminiscent of the composition of the RTILs themselves. In this minireview, we summarize state-of-the-art in the understanding of the underlying elementary processes. By varying the anion or cation, one aim is to generally predict radiation-induced chemistry and physics of RTILs. One major task is to address the fate of excess electrons (and holes) after photoexcitation, which implies an overview of various formation mechanisms considering structural and dynamical aspects. Therefore, transient studies on time scales from femtoseconds to microseconds can greatly help to elucidate the most relevant steps after photoexcitation. Sometimes, radiation may eventually result in destruction of the RTILs making photostability another important issue to be discussed. Finally, characteristic heterogeneities can be associated with specific physicochemical properties. Influencing these properties by adding conventional solvents, like water, can open a wide field of application, which is briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Leier
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Nadine C. Michenfelder
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Andreas‐Neil Unterreiner
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
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Scholz M, Flender O, Lenzer T, Oum K. Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics of all-trans-Capsanthin in Organic Solvents. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8380-8388. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Scholz
- Physikalische Chemie, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Oliver Flender
- Physikalische Chemie, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenzer
- Physikalische Chemie, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Kawon Oum
- Physikalische Chemie, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
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4
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Kosumi D, Kajikawa T, Sakaguchi K, Katsumura S, Hashimoto H. Excited state properties of β-carotene analogs incorporating a lactone ring. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:3000-3009. [PMID: 28079227 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06828f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids possessing a carbonyl group along their polyene backbone exhibit unique excited state properties due to the occurrence of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in the excited state. In fact, the ICT characteristics of naturally occurring carbonyl carotenoids play an essential role in the highly efficient energy transfer that proceeds in aquatic photosynthetic antenna systems. In the present study, we synthesized two short-chain polyene carotenoids incorporating a lactone ring, denoted as BL-7 and BL-8, having seven and eight conjugated double bonds (n = 7 and 8), respectively. The excited state properties of these compounds were directly compared to those of their non-carbonyl counterparts to clarify the role of the carbonyl group in the generation of ICT. The energies of the optically allowed S2 states for BL-7 and BL-8 were found to be more than 0.3 eV (2400 cm-1) below those of non-carbonyl short β-carotene homologs. Ultrafast spectroscopic data demonstrated various solvent polarity-induced effects, including the appearance of stimulated emission in the near-IR region in the case of BL-7, and significant lifetime shortening of the lowest-lying singlet S1 excited states of both BL-7 and BL-8. These results suggest that these compounds exhibit ICT characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kosumi
- Institute of Pulsed Power Science, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Kajikawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeo Katsumura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Japan.
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5
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Flender O, Scholz M, Hölzer J, Oum K, Lenzer T. A comprehensive picture of the ultrafast excited-state dynamics of retinal. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:14941-8. [PMID: 27188764 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01335j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinal is the chromophore of microbial rhodopsins initiating energy conversion and cellular signalling by subpicosecond photoinduced switching. Here, we provide detailed UV-Vis transient absorption experiments to disentangle the complex photochemistry of this polyene, which is governed by its terminal aldehyde group. After photoexcitation to the S2((1)Bu(+)) state, the system exhibits polarity-dependent branching, populating separate S1((1)Ag(-)) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) species. In all solvents, population of a singlet nπ* state from S1 is observed which represents the precursor of the T1 triplet state. While triplet formation dominates in nonpolar solvents (67% quantum yield), it is dramatically reduced in polar solvents (4%). The channel closes completely upon replacing the aldehyde by a carboxyl group, due to an energetic up-shift of (1)nπ*. In that case, internal conversion via the ICT species becomes the main pathway, with preferential formation of the initially excited isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Flender
- Universität Siegen, Physikalische Chemie, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Mirko Scholz
- Universität Siegen, Physikalische Chemie, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Jonas Hölzer
- Universität Siegen, Physikalische Chemie, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Kawon Oum
- Universität Siegen, Physikalische Chemie, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Lenzer
- Universität Siegen, Physikalische Chemie, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
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6
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Ehlers F, Scholz M, Schimpfhauser J, Bienert J, Oum K, Lenzer T. Collisional relaxation of apocarotenals: identifying the S* state with vibrationally excited molecules in the ground electronic state S0*. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:10478-88. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05600k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The S* signal of carotenoids corresponds to vibrationally hot molecules in the ground electronic state S0*.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ehlers
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Mirko Scholz
- Universität Siegen
- Physikalische Chemie 2
- 57076 Siegen
- Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Bienert
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Kawon Oum
- Universität Siegen
- Physikalische Chemie 2
- 57076 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Thomas Lenzer
- Universität Siegen
- Physikalische Chemie 2
- 57076 Siegen
- Germany
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7
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Kosumi D, Fujii R, Sugisaki M, Oka N, Iha M, Hashimoto H. Characterization of the intramolecular transfer state of marine carotenoid fucoxanthin by femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 121:61-68. [PMID: 24676808 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-9995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin, containing a carbonyl group in conjugation with its polyene backbone, is a naturally occurring pigment in marine organisms and is essential to the photosynthetic light-harvesting function in brown alga and diatom. Fucoxanthin exhibits optical characteristics attributed to an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state that arises in polar environments due to the presence of the carbonyl group. In this study, we report the spectroscopic properties of fucoxanthin in methanol (polar and protic solvent) observed by femtosecond pump-probe measurements in the near-infrared region, where transient absorption associated with the optically allowed S2 (1(1)B u (+) ) state and stimulated emission from the strongly coupled S1/ICT state were observed following one-photon excitation to the S2 state. The results showed that the amplitude of the stimulated emission of the S1/ICT state increased with decreasing excitation energy, demonstrating that the fucoxanthin form associated with the lower energy of the steady-state absorption exhibits stronger ICT character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kosumi
- The Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan,
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8
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Kosumi D, Kajikawa T, Yano K, Okumura S, Sugisaki M, Sakaguchi K, Katsumura S, Hashimoto H. Roles of allene-group in an intramolecular charge transfer character of a short fucoxanthin homolog as revealed by femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Ernsting N, Lenzer T, Oum K. Time-resolved laser spectroscopy of nonreactive processes in ionic liquids and their binary mixtures with organic solvents and CO2. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Kosumi D, Kajikawa T, Okumura S, Sugisaki M, Sakaguchi K, Katsumura S, Hashimoto H. Elucidation and Control of an Intramolecular Charge Transfer Property of Fucoxanthin by a Modification of Its Polyene Chain Length. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:792-797. [PMID: 26274069 DOI: 10.1021/jz5000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is an essential pigment for the highly efficient light-harvesting function of marine algal photosynthesis. It exhibits excited state properties attributed to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in polar environments due to the presence of the carbonyl group in its polyene backbone. This report describes the excited state properties of fucoxanthin homologues with four to eight conjugated double bonds in various solvents using the femtosecond pump-probe technique. The results clarified that fucoxanthin homologues with longer polyene chains did not possess pronounced ICT spectroscopic signatures, while the shorter fucoxanthin homologues had a strong ICT character, even in a nonpolar solvent. On the basis of the observations, we quantitatively correlated the ICT character in the excited state to the conjugated polyene chain lengths of fucoxanthin molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kosumi
- †Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kajikawa
- ‡Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- ‡Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sugisaki
- §Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sakaguchi
- ∥Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeo Katsumura
- ‡Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- †Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- §Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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11
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Oum K, Flender O, Lohse PW, Scholz M, Hagfeldt A, Boschloo G, Lenzer T. Electron and hole transfer dynamics of a triarylamine-based dye with peripheral hole acceptors on TiO2 in the absence and presence of solvent. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:8019-29. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55298e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Arden-Jacob J, Drexhage KH, Druzhinin SI, Ekimova M, Flender O, Lenzer T, Oum K, Scholz M. Ultrafast photoinduced dynamics of the 3,6-diaminoacridinium derivative ATTO 465 in solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:1844-53. [PMID: 23247684 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43493h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The excited state dynamics of the dye ATTO 465, a well-known fluorescence marker for biological applications, have been characterized in various solvents including THF, ethanol, methanol, water and the highly polar protic ionic liquid 2-hydroxyethylammonium formate (2-OH-EAF) by combining results from time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) and ultrafast pump-supercontinuum probe (PSCP) spectroscopy as well as steady-state absorption and fluorescence. In water, 2-OH-EAF and two fluorinated alcohols, there is a pronounced blue-shift and broadening of the S(0) → S(1) absorption band and also a larger Stokes shift than in the other solvents, indicating a particular influence of hydrogen-bonding interactions. S(1) lifetimes from TCSPC at 25 °C range from 3.3 ns to 5.6 ns. An unusual increase in the S(1) lifetime with temperature is observed for ethanol and methanol, however water behaves in the opposite way. The behavior can be tentatively explained by a solvent- and temperature-dependent "proximity effect", where coupling of the close-lying S(1) and S(2) states influences the intramolecular relaxation rate of the dye. In addition, temperature-dependent complex equilibria of ATTO 465 with solvent molecules may influence the measured lifetimes. Several excited-state absorption (ESA) transitions are identified in the PSCP spectra, which are in good agreement with the position of the UV bands in the steady-state absorption spectra. Small shifts of the stimulated emission and ESA bands are consistent with solvation dynamics in the excited electronic state. An additional ~16 ps component in water, visible over the entire spectral range, is tentatively ascribed to a fast IC channel which is accessed by a fraction of ATTO 465 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Arden-Jacob
- Universität Siegen, Physikalische Chemie, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
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13
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Oum K, Lohse PW, Klein JR, Flender O, Scholz M, Hagfeldt A, Boschloo G, Lenzer T. Photoinduced ultrafast dynamics of the triphenylamine-based organic sensitizer D35 on TiO2, ZrO2 and in acetonitrile. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:3906-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44095h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Durchan M, Fuciman M, Šlouf V, Keşan G, Polívka T. Excited-State Dynamics of Monomeric and Aggregated Carotenoid 8′-Apo-β-carotenal. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:12330-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp310140k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Durchan
- Institute
of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská
31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Fuciman
- Institute
of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská
31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Šlouf
- Institute
of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská
31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Gürkan Keşan
- Institute
of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská
31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Institute
of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská
31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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15
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Kosumi D, Kita M, Fujii R, Sugisaki M, Oka N, Takaesu Y, Taira T, Iha M, Hashimoto H. Excitation Energy-Transfer Dynamics of Brown Algal Photosynthetic Antennas. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:2659-2664. [PMID: 26295888 DOI: 10.1021/jz300612c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin-chlorophyll-a/c protein (FCP) complexes from brown algae Cladosiphon okamuranus TOKIDA (Okinawa Mozuku in Japanese) contain the only species of carbonyl carotenoid, fucoxanthin, which exhibits spectral characteristics attributed to an intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) property that arises in polar environments due to the presence of the carbonyl group in its polyene backbone. Here, we investigated the role of the ICT property of fucoxanthin in ultrafast energy transfer to chlorophyll-a/c in brown algal photosynthesis using femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopic measurements. The observed excited-state dynamics show that the ICT character of fucoxanthin in FCP extends its absorption band to longer wavelengths and enhances its electronic interaction with chlorophyll-a molecules, leading to efficient energy transfer from fucoxanthin to chlorophyll-a.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kosumi
- †The Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- ‡JST/CREST, 4-1-8 Hon-chou, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - M Kita
- ‡JST/CREST, 4-1-8 Hon-chou, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- §Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - R Fujii
- †The Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- ⊥JST/PRESTO, 4-1-8 Hon-chou, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - M Sugisaki
- ‡JST/CREST, 4-1-8 Hon-chou, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- §Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - N Oka
- #South Product Co. Ltd., 12-75 Suzaki, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2234, Japan
| | - Y Takaesu
- #South Product Co. Ltd., 12-75 Suzaki, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2234, Japan
| | - T Taira
- #South Product Co. Ltd., 12-75 Suzaki, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2234, Japan
| | - M Iha
- #South Product Co. Ltd., 12-75 Suzaki, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2234, Japan
| | - H Hashimoto
- †The Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- ‡JST/CREST, 4-1-8 Hon-chou, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- §Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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16
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Zhang XX, Liang M, Ernsting NP, Maroncelli M. Complete Solvation Response of Coumarin 153 in Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2012; 117:4291-304. [DOI: 10.1021/jp305430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xing Zhang
- Department of Physics, College
of Physical Science, Nankai University,
Tianjin, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Humboldt University, Berlin,
Germany
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park,
Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Mark Maroncelli
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park,
Pennsylvania, United States
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17
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Probing the Local Polarity of Alkylammonium Formate Ionic Liquids and Their Mixtures with Water by Using a Carbonyl Carotenoid. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:1854-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Lohse PW, Bartels N, Stoppa A, Buchner R, Lenzer T, Oum K. Dielectric relaxation and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy of [C6mim]+[Tf2N]−/acetonitrile mixtures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:3596-603. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23704k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Castner EW, Margulis CJ, Maroncelli M, Wishart JF. Ionic liquids: structure and photochemical reactions. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2011; 62:85-105. [PMID: 21091193 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-032210-103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are subjects of intense current interest within the physical chemistry community. A great deal of progress has been made in just the past five years toward identifying the factors that cause these salts to have low melting points and other useful properties. Supramolecular structure and organization have emerged as important and complicated topics that may be key to understanding how chemical reactions and other processes are affected by ionic liquids. New questions are posed, and an active debate is ongoing regarding the nature of nanoscale ordering in ionic liquids. The topic of reactivity in ionic liquids is still relatively unexplored; however, the results that have been obtained indicate that distributed kinetics and dynamical heterogeneity may sometimes, but not always, be influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward W Castner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8066, USA.
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Polívka T, Kaligotla S, Chábera P, Frank HA. An intramolecular charge transfer state of carbonyl carotenoids: implications for excited state dynamics of apo-carotenals and retinal. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:10787-96. [PMID: 21552594 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20269c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Excited state dynamics of two apo-carotenals, retinal and 12'-apo-β-carotenal, were studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. We make use of previous knowledge gathered from studies of various carbonyl carotenoids and suggest that to consistently explain the excited-state dynamics of retinal in polar solvents, it is necessary to include an intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) state in the excited state manifold. Coupling of the ICT state to the A(g)(-) state, which occurs in polar solvents, shortens lifetime of the lowest excited state of 12'-apo-β-carotenal from 180 ps in n-hexane to 7.1 ps in methanol. Comparison with a reference molecule lacking the conjugated carbonyl group, 12'-apo-β-carotene, demonstrates the importance of the carbonyl group; no polarity-induced lifetime change is observed and 12'-apo-β-carotene decays to the ground state in 220 ps regardless of solvent polarity. For retinal, we have confirmed the well-known three-state relaxation scheme in n-hexane. Population of the B(u)(+) state decays in <100 fs to the A(g)(-) state, which is quenched in 440 fs by a low-lying nπ* state that decays with a 33 ps time constant to form the retinal triplet state. In methanol, however, the A(g)(-) state is coupled to the ICT state. This coupling prevents population of the nπ* state, which explains the absence of retinal triplet formation in polar solvents. Instead, the coupled A(g)(-)/ICT state decays in 1.6 ps to the ground state. The A(g)(-)/ICT coupling is also evidenced by stimulated emission, which is a characteristic marker of the ICT state in carbonyl carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Polívka
- Institute of Physical Biology, University of South Bohemia, Zámek 136, 373 33 Nové, Hrady, Czech Republic.
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Li X, Liang M, Chakraborty A, Kondo M, Maroncelli M. Solvent-Controlled Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:6592-607. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200339e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Anjan Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Minako Kondo
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Mark Maroncelli
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Golibrzuch K, Ehlers F, Scholz M, Oswald R, Lenzer T, Oum K, Kim H, Koo S. Ultrafast excited state dynamics and spectroscopy of 13,13'-diphenyl-β-carotene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:6340-51. [PMID: 21365078 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast transient broadband absorption spectroscopy based on the Pump-Supercontinuum Probe (PSCP) technique has been applied to characterize the excited state dynamics of the newly-synthesized artificial β-carotene derivative 13,13'-diphenyl-β-carotene in the wavelength range 340-770 nm with ca. 60 fs cross-correlation time after excitation to the S(2) state. The influence of phenyl substitution at the polyene backbone has been investigated in different solvents by comparing the dynamics of the internal conversion (IC) processes S(2)→ S(1) and S(1)→ S(0)* with results for β-carotene. Global analysis provides IC time constants and also time-dependent S(1) spectra demonstrating vibrational relaxation processes. Intramolecular vibrational redistribution processes are accelerated by phenyl substitution and are also solvent-dependent. DFT and TDDFT-TDA calculations suggest that both phenyl rings prefer an orientation where their ring planes are almost perpendicular to the plane of the carotene backbone, largely decoupling them electronically from the polyene system. This is consistent with several experimental observations: the up-field chemical shift of adjacent hydrogen atoms by a ring-current effect of the phenyl groups in the (1)H NMR spectrum, a small red-shift of the S(0)→ S(2)(0-0) transition energy in the steady-state absorption spectrum relative to β-carotene, and almost the same S(1)→ S(0)* IC time constant as in β-carotene, suggesting a similar S(1)-S(0) energy gap. The oscillator strength of the S(0)→ S(2) transition of the diphenyl derivative is reduced by ca. 20%. In addition, we observe a highly structured ground state bleach combined with excited state absorption at longer wavelengths, which is typical for an "S* state". Both features can be clearly assigned to absorption of vibrationally hot molecules in the ground electronic state S(0)* superimposed on the bleach of room temperature molecules S(0). The S(0)* population is formed by IC from S(1). These findings are discussed in detail with respect to alternative interpretations previously reported in the literature. Understanding the dynamics of this type of artificial phenyl-substituted carotene systems appears useful regarding their future structural optimization with respect to enhanced thermal stability while keeping the desired photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Golibrzuch
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany
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Kosumi D, Kusumoto T, Fujii R, Sugisaki M, Iinuma Y, Oka N, Takaesu Y, Taira T, Iha M, Frank HA, Hashimoto H. Ultrafast excited state dynamics of fucoxanthin: excitation energy dependent intramolecular charge transfer dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:10762-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02568b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lohse PW, Kuhnt J, Druzhinin SI, Scholz M, Ekimova M, Oekermann T, Lenzer T, Oum K. Ultrafast photoinduced relaxation dynamics of the indoline dye D149 in organic solvents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:19632-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22429h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lenzer T, Ehlers F, Scholz M, Oswald R, Oum K. Assignment of carotene S* state features to the vibrationally hot ground electronic state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:8832-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b925071a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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