1
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Rana A, Bhatnagar S. Advancements in folate receptor targeting for anti-cancer therapy: A small molecule-drug conjugate approach. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104946. [PMID: 33989916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery combined with controlled release of drugs has a crucial role in future of personalized medicine. The majority of cancer drugs are intended to interfere with one or more cellular events. Anticancer agents can also be toxic to healthy cells, as healthy cells may also need to proliferate and avoid apoptosis. The focus of this review covers the principles, advantages, drawbacks and summarize criteria that must be met for design of small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs) to achieve the desired therapeutic potency with minimal toxicity. SMDCs are composed of a targeting ligand, a releasable bridge, a spacer, and a therapeutic payload. We summarize the criteria for the effective design that influences the selection of tumor specific receptor and optimum elements in the design of SMDCs. We also discuss the criteria for selecting the optimal therapeutic drug payload, spacer and linker. The linker chemistries and cleavage strategies are also discussed. Finally, we review the folate receptor targeting SMDCs that are in preclinical development and in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Rana
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Seema Bhatnagar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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2
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Nicolaou KC, Pan S, Pulukuri KK, Ye Q, Rigol S, Erande RD, Vourloumis D, Nocek BP, Munneke S, Lyssikatos J, Valdiosera A, Gu C, Lin B, Sarvaiaya H, Trinidad J, Sandoval J, Lee C, Hammond M, Aujay M, Taylor N, Pysz M, Purcell JW, Gavrilyuk J. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Tubulysin Analogues, Linker-Drugs, and Antibody-Drug Conjugates, Insights into Structure-Activity Relationships, and Tubulysin-Tubulin Binding Derived from X-ray Crystallographic Analysis. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3377-3421. [PMID: 33544599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Molecular design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of tubulysin analogues, linker-drugs, and antibody-drug conjugates are described. Among the new discoveries reported is the identification of new potent analogues within the tubulysin family that carry a C11 alkyl ether substituent, rather than the usual ester structural motif at that position, a fact that endows the former with higher plasma stability than that of the latter. Also described herein are X-ray crystallographic analysis studies of two tubulin-tubulysin complexes formed within the α/β interface between two tubulin heterodimers and two highly potent tubulysin analogues, one of which exhibited a different binding mode to the one previously reported for tubulysin M. The X-ray crystallographic analysis-derived new insights into the binding modes of these tubulysin analogues explain their potencies and provide inspiration for further design, synthesis, and biological investigations within this class of antitumor agents. A number of these analogues were conjugated as payloads with appropriate linkers at different sites allowing their attachment onto targeting antibodies for cancer therapies. A number of such antibody-drug conjugates were constructed and tested, both in vivo and in vitro, leading to the identification of at least one promising ADC (Herceptin-LD3), warranting further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Saiyong Pan
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kiran K Pulukuri
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Qiuji Ye
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Stephan Rigol
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rohan D Erande
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Dionisios Vourloumis
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products & Designed Molecules, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi 153 10, Greece
| | - Bogusław P Nocek
- AbbVie Inc., Research & Development, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Stefan Munneke
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph Lyssikatos
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Amanda Valdiosera
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christine Gu
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Baiwei Lin
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hetal Sarvaiaya
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jose Trinidad
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph Sandoval
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christina Lee
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mikhail Hammond
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Monette Aujay
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicole Taylor
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Marybeth Pysz
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - James W Purcell
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Julia Gavrilyuk
- AbbVie Inc., 400 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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3
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Vaid TM, Chalmers DK, Scott DJ, Gooley PR. INPHARMA-Based Determination of Ligand Binding Modes at α 1 -Adrenergic Receptors Explains the Molecular Basis of Subtype Selectivity. Chemistry 2020; 26:11796-11805. [PMID: 32291801 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The structural poses of ligands that bind weakly to protein receptors are challenging to define. In this work we have studied ligand interactions with the adrenoreceptor (AR) subtypes, α1A -AR and α1B -AR, which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, by employing the solution-based ligand-observed NMR method interligand NOEs for pharmacophore mapping (INPHARMA). A lack of receptor crystal structures and of subtype-selective drugs has hindered the definition of the physiological roles of each subtype and limited drug development. We determined the binding pose of the weakly binding α1A -AR-selective agonist A-61603 relative to an endogenous agonist, epinephrine, at both α1A -AR and α1B -AR. The NMR experimental data were quantitatively compared, by using SpINPHARMA, to the back-calculated spectra based on ligand poses obtained from all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. The results helped mechanistically explain the selectivity of (R)-A-61603 towards α1A -AR, thus demonstrating an approach for targeting subtype selectivity in ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem M Vaid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3015, VIC, Australia
| | - David K Chalmers
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel J Scott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3015, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul R Gooley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, VIC, Australia
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4
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Fabre M, Ferrer C, Domínguez-Hormaetxe S, Bockorny B, Murias L, Seifert O, Eisler SA, Kontermann RE, Pfizenmaier K, Lee SY, Vivanco MDM, López-Casas PP, Perea S, Abbas M, Richter W, Simon L, Hidalgo M. OMTX705, a Novel FAP-Targeting ADC Demonstrates Activity in Chemotherapy and Pembrolizumab-Resistant Solid Tumor Models. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3420-3430. [PMID: 32161121 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in cancer development and progression and is involved in resistance to chemo- and immunotherapy. Cancer-associated fibroblast expressing fibroblast-activating protein α (FAPα) is one of the predominant stroma cell types and is involved in resistance to immunotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We generated OMTX705, a novel antibody-drug conjugate from a humanized anti-FAP antibody linked to a new cytolysin. Here, we studied its antineoplastic activity in vitro and in preclinical mouse models alone and in combination with chemotherapy as well as immunotherapy in PD-1-resistant tumors. RESULTS In Avatar models, OMTX705 showed a 100% tumor growth inhibition and prolonged tumor regressions as single agent and in combination with chemotherapy. Treatment rechallenge following treatment discontinuation induced additional tumor regression, suggesting lack of treatment resistance. In a mouse model with a humanized immune system resistant to PD-1 inhibition, OMTX705 increased tumor infiltration by CD8+ T cells, induced complete regressions, and delayed tumor recurrence. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that FAP targeting with OMTX705 represents a novel and potent strategy for cancer treatment, including tumors resistant to immunotherapy, and support its clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruno Bockorny
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Oliver Seifert
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephan A Eisler
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfizenmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | - Pedro P López-Casas
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofia Perea
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Gastrointestinal Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain. .,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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5
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Nicolaou KC, Rigol S. Total Synthesis in Search of Potent Antibody-Drug Conjugate Payloads. From the Fundamentals to the Translational. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:127-139. [PMID: 30575399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and evolution of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) as targeted cancer therapies in recent years is a living example of the "magic bullet" concept of Paul Ehrlich, introduced by him more than a century ago. Consisting of three components, the antibody serving as the delivery system, the payload drug that kills the cancer cell, and the chemical linker through which the payload is attached to the antibody, ADCs represent a currently hotly pursued paradigm of targeted cancer therapies. While the needed monoclonal antibody falls in the domains of biology and biochemistry, the potent payload and the linker belong to the realm of chemistry. Naturally occurring molecules and their derivatives endowed with high cytotoxic properties have proven to be useful payloads for the first approved ADCs (i.e., Mylotarg, Adcetris, Kadcyla, and Besponsa). The latest approaches and intensifying activities in this new paradigm of cancer therapy demands a variety of payloads with different mechanisms of action in order to address the medical needs for the various types of cancers, challenging synthetic organic chemists to enrich the library of potential payloads. Total synthesis of natural and designed molecules not only provides a powerful avenue to replicate rare naturally occurring compounds in the laboratory but also offers a unique opportunity to rationally design and synthesize analogues thereof for biological evaluation and optimization of ADC payloads. In this Account, we describe our efforts in this area highlighting a number of total synthesis endeavors through which we rendered scarce naturally occurring molecules readily available for biological evaluations and, most importantly, employed the developed synthetic strategies and methods to construct, otherwise unavailable or difficult to reach, designed analogues of these molecules. Specifically, we summarize the total syntheses of natural and designed molecules of the calicheamicin, uncialamycin, tubulysin, trioxacarcin, epothilone, shishijimicin, namenamicin, thailanstatin, and disorazole families of compounds and demonstrate how these studies led to the discovery of analogues of higher potencies, yet some of them possessing lower complexities than their parent compounds as potential ADC payloads. The highlighted examples showcase the continuing impact of total synthesis of natural products and their analogues on modern medicine, including the so-called biologics and should prove useful and inspirational in advancing both the fields of total synthesis and biomedical research and the drug discovery and development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriacos C. Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Stephan Rigol
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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6
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Stark M, Assaraf YG. Structural recognition of tubulysin B derivatives by multidrug resistance efflux transporters in human cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 28637003 PMCID: PMC5564821 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major hindrance to curative chemotherapy of various human malignancies. Hence, novel chemotherapeutics must be evaluated for their recognition by MDR efflux transporters. Herein we explored the cytotoxic activity of synthetic tubulysin B (Tub-B, EC1009) derivatives (Tub-B-hydrazide/EC0347 and Tub-B bis-ether/EC1820), and their recognition by the MDR efflux transporters P-glycoprotein 1 (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Originally isolated from Myxobacteria, tubulysins exhibited potent cytotoxic activity via microtubule depolymerization, and evaded recognition by these MDR efflux pumps. We show that subtle modifications in the natural Tub-B structure enhance its cytotoxicity and drug efflux efficiency. Whereas increasing the lipophilicity of Tub-B drugs enhanced their diffusion into the cell and consequently decreased the IC50 values (≥ 0.27 nM), increasing drug polarity enhanced their recognition by P-gp (>200-fold resistance in P-gp-overexpressing cells). Furthermore, restricting drug exposure time to the clinically relevant 4 h pulse, markedly enhanced efflux by P-gp, resulting in a 1000-fold increased resistance, which was further enhanced upon increased P-gp levels (i.e. an additional 3-fold increase in P-gp levels resulted in >6,000-fold resistance). The unique ability of EC1009 to evade recognition by MDR efflux pumps warrants drug development of tubulysin B derivatives as potent antitumor agents which overcome MDR in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Stark
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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7
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Nicolaou KC, Erande RD, Yin J, Vourloumis D, Aujay M, Sandoval J, Munneke S, Gavrilyuk J. Improved Total Synthesis of Tubulysins and Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of New Tubulysins with Highly Potent Cytotoxicities against Cancer Cells as Potential Payloads for Antibody-Drug Conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3690-3711. [PMID: 29381062 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Improved, streamlined total syntheses of natural tubulysins such as V (Tb45) and U (Tb46) and pretubulysin D (PTb-D43), and their application to the synthesis of designed tubulysin analogues (Tb44, PTb-D42, PTb-D47-PTb-D49, and Tb50-Tb120), are described. Cytotoxicity evaluation of the synthesized compounds against certain cancer cell lines revealed a number of novel analogues with exceptional potencies [e.g., Tb111: IC50 = 40 pM against MES SA (uterine sarcoma) cell line; IC50 = 6 pM against HEK 293T (human embryonic kidney cancer) cell line; and IC50 = 1.54 nM against MES SA DX (MES SA with marked multidrug resistance) cell line]. These studies led to a set of valuable structure-activity relationships that provide guidance to further molecular design, synthesis, and biological evaluation studies. The extremely potent cytotoxic compounds discovered in these investigations are highly desirable as potential payloads for antibody-drug conjugates and other drug delivery systems for personalized targeted cancer chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Rohan D Erande
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Dionisios Vourloumis
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative , Rice University , 6100 Main Street , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products & Designed Molecules , N.C.S.R "Demokritos" , 153 10 Agia Paraskevi , Athens , Greece
| | - Monette Aujay
- AbbVie Stemcentrx, LLC , 450 East Jamie Court , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Joseph Sandoval
- AbbVie Stemcentrx, LLC , 450 East Jamie Court , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Stefan Munneke
- AbbVie Stemcentrx, LLC , 450 East Jamie Court , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Julia Gavrilyuk
- AbbVie Stemcentrx, LLC , 450 East Jamie Court , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
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8
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Parker JS, McCormick M, Anderson DW, Maltman BA, Gingipalli L, Toader D. The Development and Scale-Up of an Antibody Drug Conjugate Tubulysin Payload. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S. Parker
- AstraZeneca, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Silk Road
Business Park, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Marc McCormick
- AstraZeneca, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Silk Road
Business Park, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - David W. Anderson
- Almac Sciences, 5 The Fleming
Building, Edinburgh Technopole, Milton Bridge, Midlothian, EH26 0BE, U.K
| | - Beatrice A. Maltman
- Almac Sciences, 5 The Fleming
Building, Edinburgh Technopole, Milton Bridge, Midlothian, EH26 0BE, U.K
| | - Lakshmaiah Gingipalli
- AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Dorin Toader
- AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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9
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Toader D, Wang F, Gingipalli L, Vasbinder M, Roth M, Mao S, Block M, Harper J, Thota S, Su M, Ma J, Bedian V, Kamal A. Structure-Cytotoxicity Relationships of Analogues of N 14-Desacetoxytubulysin H. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10781-10787. [PMID: 27809515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report structure-cytotoxicity relationships for analogues of N14-desacetoxytubulyisn H 1. A novel synthetic approach toward 1 enabled the discovery of compounds with a range of activity. Calculated basicity of the N-terminus of tubulysins was shown to be a good predictor of cytotoxicity. The impact of structural modifications at the C-terminus of 1 upon cytotoxicity is also described. These findings will facilitate the development of new tubulysin analogues for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Toader
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States.,Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC , 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Fengjiang Wang
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Lakshmaiah Gingipalli
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Melissa Vasbinder
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Mark Roth
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Shenlan Mao
- Oncology Research, MedImmune LLC , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Michael Block
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jay Harper
- Oncology Research, MedImmune LLC , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Sambaiah Thota
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Mei Su
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jianquo Ma
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Vahe Bedian
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Adeela Kamal
- Oncology Research, MedImmune LLC , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
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10
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Nicolaou KC, Yin J, Mandal D, Erande RD, Klahn P, Jin M, Aujay M, Sandoval J, Gavrilyuk J, Vourloumis D. Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Natural and Designed Tubulysins. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1698-708. [PMID: 26829208 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A streamlined total synthesis of N(14)-desacetoxytubulysin H (Tb1) based on a C-H activation strategy and a short total synthesis of pretubulysin D (PTb-D43) are described. Applications of the developed synthetic strategies and technologies to the synthesis of a series of tubulysin analogues (Tb2-Tb41 and PTb-D42) are also reported. Biological evaluation of the synthesized compounds against an array of cancer cells revealed a number of novel analogues (e.g., Tb14), some with exceptional potencies against certain cell lines [e.g., Tb32 with IC50 = 12 pM against MES SA (uterine sarcoma) cell line and 2 pM against HEK 293T (human embryonic kidney) cell line], and a set of valuable structure-activity relationships. The highly potent cytotoxic compounds discovered in this study are highly desirable as payloads for antibody-drug conjugates and other drug delivery systems for personalized targeted cancer chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Debashis Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rohan D Erande
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Philipp Klahn
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Michael Jin
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Monette Aujay
- Stemcentrx Inc. , 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph Sandoval
- Stemcentrx Inc. , 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Julia Gavrilyuk
- Stemcentrx Inc. , 450 East Jamie Court, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dionisios Vourloumis
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products & Designed Molecules, National Centre of Scientific Research "Demokritos" , Agia Paraskevi-Athens GR-15310, Greece
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11
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Murray BC, Peterson MT, Fecik RA. Chemistry and biology of tubulysins: antimitotic tetrapeptides with activity against drug resistant cancers. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:654-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00036f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since their first report in 2000, tubulysins have sparked great interest for development as anti-cancer agents due to their exceptionally potent anticancer activity.
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12
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Negi AS, Gautam Y, Alam S, Chanda D, Luqman S, Sarkar J, Khan F, Konwar R. Natural antitubulin agents: importance of 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl fragment. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:373-89. [PMID: 25564377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are polar cytoskeletal filaments assembled from head-to-tail and comprised of lateral associations of α/β-tubulin heterodimers that play key role in various cellular processes. Because of their vital role in mitosis and various other cellular processes, microtubules have been attractive targets for several disease conditions and especially for cancer. Antitubulin is the most successful class of antimitotic agents in cancer chemotherapeutics. The target recognition of antimitotic agents as a ligand is not much explored so far. However, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl fragment has been much highlighted and discussed in such type of interactions. In this review, some of the most important naturally occurring antimitotic agents and their interactions with microtubules are discussed with a special emphasis on the role of 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl unit. At last, some emerging naturally occurring antimitotic agents have also been tabulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind S Negi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India.
| | - Yashveer Gautam
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Sarfaraz Alam
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Debabrata Chanda
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Jayanta Sarkar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Rituraj Konwar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
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Hoffmann J, Kazmaier U. A straightforward approach towards cyclic photoactivatable tubulysin derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11356-60. [PMID: 25196233 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of a new photolabile protecting group containing an additional allyl functionality allows the synthesis of cyclic photoactivatable natural products. Cyclization occurs between the allyl moiety in the protecting group and a second double bond in the target molecule by means of ring-closing metathesis. Cyclization should increase the metabolic stability towards proteases. On the other hand, the conformational change should cause diminished biological activity. As illustrated for tubulysin derivatives, cyclic and photoactivatable drug candidates can easily be obtained in only two steps from simple building blocks through Ugi reaction and ring-closing metathesis. The photolabile protecting group is introduced by means of the isocyanide component during the Ugi reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Hoffmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, P.O. Box 151150, 66041 Saarbrücken (Germany) http://www.uni-saarland.de/fak8/kazmaier
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Hoffmann J, Kazmaier U. Ein einfacher Zugang zu cyclischen photoaktivierbaren Tubulysin-Derivaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Yang XD, Dong CM, Chen J, Ding YH, Liu Q, Ma XY, Zhang Q, Chen Y. Total Synthesis of Tubulysin U and Its C-4 Epimer. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:1213-22. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Shankar SP, Jagodzinska M, Malpezzi L, Lazzari P, Manca I, Greig IR, Sani M, Zanda M. Synthesis and structure–activity relationship studies of novel tubulysin U analogues – effect on cytotoxicity of structural variations in the tubuvaline fragment. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2273-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27111k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Herrmann J, Elnakady YA, Wiedmann RM, Ullrich A, Rohde M, Kazmaier U, Vollmar AM, Müller R. Pretubulysin: from hypothetical biosynthetic intermediate to potential lead in tumor therapy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37416. [PMID: 22616003 PMCID: PMC3355125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pretubulysin is a natural product that is found in strains of myxobacteria in only minute amounts. It represents the first enzyme-free intermediate in the biosynthesis of tubulysins and undergoes post-assembly acylation and oxidation reactions. Pretubulysin inhibits the growth of cultured mammalian cells, as do tubulysins, which are already in advanced preclinical development as anticancer and antiangiogenic agents. The mechanism of action of this highly potent compound class involves the depolymerization of microtubules, thereby inducing mitotic arrest. Supply issues with naturally occurring derivatives can now be circumvented by the total synthesis of pretubulysin, which, in contrast to tubulysin, is synthetically accessible in gram-scale quantities. We show that the simplified precursor is nearly equally potent to the parent compound. Pretubulysin induces apoptosis and inhibits cancer cell migration and tubulin assembly in vitro. Consequently, pretubulysin appears to be an ideal candidate for future development in preclinical trials and is a very promising early lead structure in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Herrmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Yasser A. Elnakady
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Romina M. Wiedmann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximillians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Ullrich
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Angelika M. Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximillians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Carlomagno T. NMR in natural products: understanding conformation, configuration and receptor interactions. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:536-54. [PMID: 22456471 DOI: 10.1039/c2np00098a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2011. Natural products are of tremendous importance in both traditional and modern medicine. For medicinal chemistry natural products represent a challenge, as their chemical synthesis and modification are complex processes, which require many, often stereo-selective, synthetic steps. A prerequisite for the design of analogs of natural products, with more accessible synthetic routes, is the availability of their bioactive conformation. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography are the two techniques of choice to investigate the structure of natural products. In this review, I describe the most recent advances in NMR to study the conformation of natural products either free in solution or bound to their cellular receptors. In chapter 2, I focus on the use of residual dipolar couplings (RDC). On the basis of a few examples, I discuss the benefit of complementing classical NMR parameters, such as NOEs and scalar couplings, with dipolar couplings to simultaneously determine both the conformation and the relative configuration of natural products in solution. Chapter 3 is dedicated to the study of the structure of natural products in complex with their cellular receptors and is further divided in two sections. In the first section, I describe two solution-state NMR methodologies to investigate the binding mode of low-affinity ligands to macromolecular receptors. The first approach, INPHARMA (Interligand Noes for PHArmacophore Mapping), is based on the observation of interligand NOEs between two small molecules binding competitively to a common receptor. INPHARMA reveals the relative binding mode of the two ligands, thus allowing ligand superimposition. The second approach is based on paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) of ligand resonances in the presence of a receptor containing a paramagnetic center. In the second section, I focus on solid-state NMR spectroscopy as a tool to access the bioactive conformation of natural products in complex with macromolecular receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Carlomagno
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg
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Conroy T, Guo JT, Linington RG, Hunt NH, Payne RJ. Total Synthesis, Stereochemical Assignment, and Antimalarial Activity of Gallinamide A. Chemistry 2011; 17:13544-52. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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