1
|
Białek MJ, Hurej K, Furuta H, Latos-Grażyński L. Organometallic chemistry confined within a porphyrin-like framework. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2082-2144. [PMID: 36852929 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00784c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The world of modified porphyrins changed forever when an N-confused porphyrin (NCP), a porphyrin isomer, was first published in 1994. The replacement of one inner nitrogen with a carbon atom revolutionised the chemistry that one is able to perform within the coordination cavity. One could explore new pathways in the organometallic chemistry of porphyrins by forcing a carbon fragment from the ring or an inner substituent to sit close to an inserted metal ion. Since the NCP discovery, a series of modifications became available to tune the coordination properties of the cavity, introducing a fascinating realm of carbaporphyrins. The review surveys all possible carbatetraphyrins(1.1.1.1) and their spectacular coordination and organometallic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał J Białek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Karolina Hurej
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Organometallic Chemistry within the Structured Environment Provided by the Macrocyclic Cores of Carbaporphyrins and Related Systems. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031496. [PMID: 36771158 PMCID: PMC9920839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique environment within the core of carbaporphyrinoid systems provides a platform to explore unusual organometallic chemistry. The ability of these structures to form stable organometallic derivatives was first demonstrated for N-confused porphyrins but many other carbaporphyrin-type systems were subsequently shown to exhibit similar or complementary properties. Metalation commonly occurs with catalytically active transition metal cations and the resulting derivatives exhibit widely different physical, chemical and spectroscopic properties and range from strongly aromatic to nonaromatic and antiaromatic species. Metalation may trigger unusual, highly selective, oxidation reactions. Alkyl group migration has been observed within the cavity of metalated carbaporphyrins, and in some cases ring contraction of the carbocyclic subunit takes place. Over the past thirty years, studies in this area have led to multiple synthetic routes to carbaporphyrinoid ligands and remarkable organometallic chemistry has been reported. An overview of this important area is presented.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sinha A, Ravikanth M. Synthesis of Doubly Fused Phenothiazine-Embedded Dithiasapphyrins. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15837-15844. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avisikta Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thuita DW, Brückner C. Metal Complexes of Porphyrinoids Containing Nonpyrrolic Heterocycles. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7990-8052. [PMID: 35302354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of one or more pyrrolic building block(s) of a porphyrin by a nonpyrrolic heterocycle leads to the formation of so-called pyrrole-modified porphyrins (PMPs), porphyrinoids of broad structural variability. The wide range of coordination environments (type, number, charge, and architecture of the donor atoms) that the pyrrole-modified frameworks provide to the central metal ions, the frequent presence of donor atoms at their periphery, and their often observed nonplanarity or conformational flexibility distinguish the complexes of the PMPs clearly from those of the traditional square-planar, dianionic, N4-coordinating (hydro)porphyrins. Their different coordination properties suggest their utilization in areas beyond which regular metalloporphyrins are suitable. Following a general introduction to the synthetic methodologies available to generate pyrrole-modified porphyrins, their general structure, history, coordination chemistry, and optical properties, this Review highlights the chemical, electronic (optical), and structural differences of specific classes of metalloporphyrinoids containing nonpyrrolic heterocycles. The focus is on macrocycles with similar "tetrapyrrolic" architectures as porphyrins, thusly excluding the majority of expanded porphyrins. We highlight the relevance and application of these metal complexes in biological and technical fields as chemosensors, catalysts, photochemotherapeutics, or imaging agents. This Review provides an introduction to the field of metallo-PMPs as well as a comprehensive snapshot of the current state of the art of their synthesis, structures, and properties. It also aims to provide encouragement for the further study of these intriguing and structurally versatile metalloporphyrinoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Waiyigo Thuita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Toganoh M, Furuta H. Creation from Confusion and Fusion in the Porphyrin World─The Last Three Decades of N-Confused Porphyrinoid Chemistry. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8313-8437. [PMID: 35230807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Confusion is a novel concept of isomerism in porphyrin chemistry, delivering a steady stream of new chemistry since the discovery of N-confused porphyrin, a porphyrin mutant, in 1994. These days, the number of confused porphyrinoids is increasing, and confusion and associated fusion are found in various fields such as supramolecular chemistry, materials chemistry, biological chemistry, and catalysts. In this review, the birth and growth of confused porphyrinoids in the last three decades are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Toganoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sahoo S, Jana M, Rath H. Tailor-made aromatic porphyrinoids with NIR absorption. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1834-1859. [PMID: 35028653 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06336g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The highlight of this article is the recent progress in the state-of-the-art synthetic design and isolation of artificial porphyrinoids by swapping pyrrole component(s) with diverse functionalized pyrrolic(heterocyclic)/carbacycle building block(s) to compare the impact on the electronic absorption spectra and aromaticity of the incorporated isomeric/expanded porphyrinoids. Attention has been directed towards five distinct criteria of utilizing functionalized pyrrolic(heterocyclic)/aromatic hydrocarbons as synthons for NIR absorbing aromatic isomeric (N-confusion)/expanded porphyrinoids (with five/six heterocycles): (i) fused or annelated pyrrole (heterocycle), (ii) functionalized bi-pyrrole/bi-thiophene/bi-furan building blocks, (iii) azulene based carbacycle building block, (iv) vinylogous aromatic carbacycle/heterocycle(s) building block and (v) N-confused pyrrole ring(s), and N-confused fused pyrrole ring(s) leading to π-extension. These hybrid porphyrinoids are ideal candidates for basic research into macrocyclic aromaticity and for many potential applications owing to NIR absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sahoo
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
| | - Manik Jana
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
| | - Harapriya Rath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rath H, Jana M, Narayanasamy R, Usharani D, Tripathi K. Fluoride ion Coordination-Induced Turn-On Fluorescence of Tailored N-Methyl N-Confused Tripyrromonomethene Analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6741-6749. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01180h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inorder to achieve striking compromise between flexibility and rigidity, two unprecedented highly air-stable N-methyl N-Confused tripyrromonomethene analogues in near quantitative yields have been synthesized by chloranil oxidation under aerobic condition....
Collapse
|
8
|
Rath H, Halder N, Narayanasamy R, Usharani D. Chemical transformation of Doubly N-Confused Porphodimethene to variants of (anti)Aromatic Doubly N-Confused Porphyrinoids and σ aromatic Doubly N-Confused Isophlorinoid. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00160h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical conversion of non-aromatic trans-doubly N-confused porphodimethene to hitherto unknown variants of doubly N-confused porphyrinoids/isophlorinoid have been unravelled by precise interplay between the types of oxidants, the types of meso-aryl...
Collapse
|
9
|
Chakraborty B, Sahoo S, Narayansamy R, Usharani D, Rath H. Structural isolation of NIR absorbing ferrocenyl bridged N-confused fused expanded phlorin, N-confused porphodimethene and the π-extended corrorin isomer: synthesis and characterization. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14421-14431. [PMID: 34570128 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02385c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Concise syntheses and spectroscopic, solid state X-ray crystal structure and theoretical studies of three electronically appealing new generation hitherto unknown ferrocenyl bridged N-confused heterocyclic macrocycles with (without) fusion are reported. Intriguingly, the expanded N-confused fused phlorin (1.1.1.1.1) with the built-in tripentacyclic [5.5.5] moiety exhibits tailing of the NIR absorption band beyond 1000 nm while the nonconjugated porphodimethene and a new generation π-extended isomeric corrorin analogue exhibit UV-vis absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Buddhadeb Chakraborty
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
| | - Sumit Sahoo
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
| | - Raja Narayansamy
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 700020, Karnataka, India.
| | - Dandamudi Usharani
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 700020, Karnataka, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (ACSIR), CSIR-HRDG, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harapriya Rath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rauhalahti M, Sundholm D, Johansson MP. Magnetically induced ring currents in naphthalene-fused heteroporphyrinoids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16629-16634. [PMID: 34338707 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02381k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The magnetically induced current density of an intriguing naphthalene-fused heteroporphyrin has been studied, using the quantum-chemical, gauge-including magnetically induced currents (GIMIC) method. The ring-current strengths and current-density pathways for the heteroporphyrin, its Pd complex, and the analogous quinoline-fused heteroporphyrin provide detailed information about their aromatic properties. The three porphyrinoids have similar current-density pathways and are almost as aromatic as free-base porphyrin. Notably, we show that the global ring current makes a branch at three specific points. Thus, the global current is composed of a total of eight pathways that include 22 π-electrons, with no contributions from 18-electron pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rauhalahti
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens Plats 1), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Halder N, Sahoo KC, Gourav K, Usharani D, Rath H. Perimeter Coordinated Diastereomeric Rh(I) Complex of Helically Twisted Weakly Aromatic Hybrid Singly N-Confused β-β Fused Ferrocenoporphyrinoids. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8015-8026. [PMID: 34096714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Expedient synthesis, spectroscopic, solid state structural proof, and theoretical study of helically twisted weakly aromatic hybrid singly N-confused ferrocenoporphyrinoids and the peripheral coordinated Rh(I) complex are reported. The X-ray crystal structure of the macrocycles reveals an ambiguously inverted pyrrole ring reinforcing regioselective β,β-linkage with the spatially adjacent N-confused N-methyl pyrrole ring leading to endocyclic extension of macrocyclic π-conjugation via tricyclic [5.5.5] moiety. The three-dimensional structure with built-in fused tricyclic [5.5.5] moiety has paved way to three-dimensional weak diatropicity with vis-NIR absorptions. The peripheral coordinated Rh(I) complex owing to helical chirality about the macrocyclic ring and planar chirality about the square planar Rh coordination site exists as a mixture of diastereomers (5:3) with well resolved 1H NMR spectra anticipating weak aromaticity. The experimental spectroscopic measurements are in agreement with theoretically determined electronic structure and properties strongly elucidating sustained weak diatropic ring currents in twisted macrocycles both in neutral form and in the metalated complex. Further fragment molecular orbital approach and molecular orbital theory gave insights on the stability of N-confused β-β fused oxo-ferrocenoporphyrinoids and formation of the selective peripheral coordinated Rh(I) complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nyancy Halder
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Krushna Chandra Sahoo
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Kumar Gourav
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - Dandamudi Usharani
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, Karnataka, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harapriya Rath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Senge MO, Sergeeva NN, Hale KJ. Classic highlights in porphyrin and porphyrinoid total synthesis and biosynthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4730-4789. [PMID: 33623938 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00719a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins feature prominently in nature, be it as enzymatic cofactors, electron and exciton shuffles, as photoactive dyes, or as signaling substances. Their involvement in the generation, storage and use of oxygen is pivotal to life, while their photochemical properties are central to the biochemical functioning of plants. When complexed to metals, porphyrins can engage in a multitude of contemporary applications ranging from solar energy generation to serving as catalysts for important chemical reactions. They are also able to function as useful theranostic agents, and as novel materials for a wide range of applications. As such, they are widely considered to be highly valuable molecules, and it almost goes without saying that synthetic organic chemistry has dramatically underpinned all the key advances made, by providing reliable access to them. In fact, strategies for the synthesis of functionalized porphyrins have now reached a state of refinement where pretty well any desired porphyrin can successfully be synthesized with the approaches that are available, including a cornucopia of related macrocycle-modified porphyrinoids. In this review, we are going to illustrate the development of this exciting field by discussing a number of classic syntheses of porphyrins. Our coverage will encompass the natural protoporphyrins and chlorophylls, while also covering general strategies for the synthesis of unsymmetrical porphyrins and chlorins. Various industrial syntheses of porphyrins will also be discussed, as will other routes of great practical importance, and avenues to key porphyrinoids with modified macrocycles. A range of selected examples of contemporary functionalization reactions will be highlighted. The various key syntheses will be described and analyzed from a traditional mechanistic organic chemistry perspective to help student readers, and those who are new to this area. The aim will be to allow readers to mechanistically appreciate and understand how many of these fascinating ring-systems are built and further functionalized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sample HC, Senge MO. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (S NAr) and Related Reactions of Porphyrinoids: Mechanistic and Regiochemical Aspects. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:7-42. [PMID: 33519299 PMCID: PMC7821298 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The nucleophilic substitution of aromatic moieties (SNAr) has been known for over 150 years and found wide use for the functionalization of (hetero)aromatic systems. Currently, several "types" of SNAr reactions have been established and notably the area of porphyrinoid macrocycles has seen many uses thereof. Herein, we detail the SNAr reactions of seven types of porphyrinoids with differing number and type of pyrrole units: subporphyrins, norcorroles, corroles, porphyrins, azuliporphyrins, N-confused porphyrins, and phthalocyanines. For each we analyze the substitution dependent upon: a) the type of nucleophile and b) the site of substitution (α, β, or meso). Along with this we evaluate this route as a synthetic strategy for the generation of unsymmetrical porphyrinoids. Distinct trends can be identified for each type of porphyrinoid discussed, regardless of nucleophile. The use of nucleophilic substitution on porphyrinoids is found to often be a cost-effective procedure with the ability to yield complex substituent patterns, which can be conducted in non-anhydrous solvents with easily accessible simple porphyrinoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry C. Sample
- School of ChemistryTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteThe University of Dublin152‐160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM‐IAS)Technical University of MunichLichtenbergstrasse 2a85748GarchingGermany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sahoo S, Sangeetha M, Bera S, Usharani D, Rath H. Targeted synthesis of meso-aryl substituted aromatic trans-doubly N-confused dithia/diselena [18] porphyrins (1.1.1.1) with NIR absorption: spectroscopic and theoretical characterization. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6058-6062. [PMID: 32716019 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01243b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High yield synthesis and spectroscopic isolation of two hitherto unknown highly stable single conformers of meso-aryl substituted dithia/diselena trans-doubly N-confused porphyrins with fully π-conjugated [18] annulene structures are reported. In-depth solution state spectroscopic measurements and DFT level theoretical calculations strongly show the distinct aromaticity with strong NIR absorption of these new macrocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sahoo
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
| | - Mohandas Sangeetha
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 700020, Karnataka, India.
| | - Soumita Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
| | - Dandamudi Usharani
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 700020, Karnataka, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (ACSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harapriya Rath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Halder N, Dzhemileva LU, Ramazanov IR, D'yakonov VA, Dzhemilev UM, Rath H. Comparative in vitro Studies of the Topoisomerase I Inhibition and Anticancer Activities of Metallated N-Confused Porphyrins and Metallated Porphyrins. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:632-642. [PMID: 32154640 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Using the original approach, a series of metallated N-confused porphyrins and metallated porphyrins have been synthesized and characterized. For all the synthesized porphyrins, in vitro studies of cytotoxic activity against K562, U937, HL-60, Jurkat, A549 and HeLa cancer cell lines, the ability to induce apoptosis and effects on the cell cycle as well as the kinetics of proliferative activity of porphyrins and their respective metallated complexes in real time have been developed. The inhibitory activity of metallated porphyrins against human topoisomerase I and the possible mechanism of inhibition have been carried out by modelling using molecular docking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nyancy Halder
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2 A/2B Raja SC Mullick Road Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Lilya U Dzhemileva
- Laboratory of Catalytic Synthesis, Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of RAS (IPC RAS), Prospect Octyabrya, 141, Ufa, 450075, Russian Federation
| | - Ilfir R Ramazanov
- Laboratory of Catalytic Synthesis, Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of RAS (IPC RAS), Prospect Octyabrya, 141, Ufa, 450075, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A D'yakonov
- Laboratory of Catalytic Synthesis, Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of RAS (IPC RAS), Prospect Octyabrya, 141, Ufa, 450075, Russian Federation
| | - Usein M Dzhemilev
- Laboratory of Catalytic Synthesis, Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of RAS (IPC RAS), Prospect Octyabrya, 141, Ufa, 450075, Russian Federation
| | - Harapriya Rath
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2 A/2B Raja SC Mullick Road Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Almejbel AS, Lash TD. Synthesis of 2-bromo- and 2-phenyl-neo-confused porphyrins. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7336-7344. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01642j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
New examples of neo-confused porphyrins are reported. These retain global diatropic characteristics but are relatively unstable in solution.
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Toganoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fisher JM, Kensy VK, Geier GR. Two-Step, One-Flask Synthesis of an N-Confused Porphyrin Bearing Pentafluorophenyl Substituents. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4429-4434. [PMID: 28362499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A two-step, one-flask reaction of pyrrole and pentafluorobenzaldehyde was investigated as a streamlined synthetic route to an N-confused porphyrin bearing pentafluorophenyl substituents previously prepared by a stepwise route. A survey of acid catalysts, acid catalyst concentration, DDQ quantity, and reaction time was performed with monitoring by HPLC. The targeted N-confused porphyrin was observed from many reaction conditions. The best condition afforded the N-confused porphyrin in an isolated yield of 10-12% (245-281 mg), providing improved access to this interesting porphyrinoid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Fisher
- Colgate University , Department of Chemistry, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Victoria K Kensy
- Colgate University , Department of Chemistry, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - G Richard Geier
- Colgate University , Department of Chemistry, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Valiev RR, Fliegl H, Sundholm D. Optical and magnetic properties of antiaromatic porphyrinoids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:25979-25988. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05460b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic and spectroscopic properties of a number of formally antiaromatic carbaporphyrins, carbathiaporphyrins and isophlorins with 4n π electrons have been investigated at density functional theory and ab initio levels of theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid R. Valiev
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- Tomsk
- Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- 0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Benkyi I, Fliegl H, Valiev RR, Sundholm D. New insights into aromatic pathways of carbachlorins and carbaporphyrins based on calculations of magnetically induced current densities. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11932-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06987d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aromatic pathways of carbaporphyrins and carbachlorins that are based on magnetically induced current density DFT-GIMIC calculations are presented and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Benkyi
- University of Helsinki
- Department of Chemistry
- FIN-00014 University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- 0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - Rashid R. Valiev
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- Tomsk 634050
- Russian Federation
- Tomsk State University
- Tomsk
| | - Dage Sundholm
- University of Helsinki
- Department of Chemistry
- FIN-00014 University of Helsinki
- Finland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
AbuSalim DI, Lash TD. In Pursuit of Novel Porphyrin Isomers. Aromatic Character and Relative Stability of Conjugated Tetrapyrroles with Two Neo-Confused Rings or with Mixed Neo-Confused and N-Confused Subunits. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11440-53. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deyaa I. AbuSalim
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Timothy D. Lash
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Valiev RR, Fliegl H, Sundholm D. Aromatic Pathways in Carbathiaporphyrins. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:1201-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5120652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid R. Valiev
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, 43a Lenin Avenue, Building 2, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
- Tomsk State University, Lenina
Avenue 36, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Centre
for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of
Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, Oslo 0315, Norway
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats
1), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Szyszko B, Latos-Grażyński L. Core chemistry and skeletal rearrangements of porphyrinoids and metalloporphyrinoids. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3588-616. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00398e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin core alteration allows for the exploration of porphyrin-like or porphyrin-unlike coordination chemistry and provides an insight into reactions inside particularly shaped macrocyclic architecture including metal-mediated structural transformations.
Collapse
|
25
|
Valiev RR, Fliegl H, Sundholm D. Predicting the degree of aromaticity of novel carbaporphyrinoids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14215-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01306b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetically induced current densities have been calculated for dioxaporphyrin, dithiaporphyrin, true carbaporphyrins, and N-confused porphyrins using the gauge-including magnetically induced current (GIMIC) method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid R. Valiev
- Tomsk State University
- Tomsk
- Russian Federation
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- Tomsk 634050
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- 0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry
- FIN-00014 University of Helsinki
- Finland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li R, Lammer AD, Ferrence GM, Lash TD. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Aromatic Characteristics, and Metalation of Neo-Confused Porphyrins, a Newly Discovered Class of Porphyrin Isomers. J Org Chem 2014; 79:4078-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500580e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Aaron D. Lammer
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Gregory M. Ferrence
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Berlicka A, Dutka P, Szterenberg L, Latos-Grażyński L. Towards True Carbaporphyrinoids: Synthesis of 21-Carba-23-thiaporphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
28
|
Berlicka A, Dutka P, Szterenberg L, Latos-Grażyński L. Towards True Carbaporphyrinoids: Synthesis of 21-Carba-23-thiaporphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4885-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
29
|
|
30
|
Maeda H. Supramolecular Chemistry of Pyrrole-Based π-Conjugated Molecules. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20130219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
31
|
Bergendahl LT, Paterson MJ. Influence of electronic effects on one- and two-photon absorption in porphyrin isomers. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40790j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
|
32
|
AbuSalim DI, Lash TD. Aromatic character and relative stability of neo-confused porphyrin tautomers and related compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:8306-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
33
|
Abstract
Vogel discovered a large number of bridged annulene structures, including constitutional porphyrin isomers, heteroporphyrinoid species such as the tetraoxaporphyrin dication, corrole isomers and novel expanded porphyrinoid systems. In this review, the impact of Vogel's work on the author's research program is discussed. Carbaporphyrinoid systems with one or two carbocyclic rings replacing the usual pyrrole subunits have been synthesized and their diatropic characteristics can be related to the presence of 18π electron delocalization pathways within these macrocycles. The preparation of a dideazaporphyrin also provides strong support for the concept, espoused by Vogel, that porphyrins are examples of bridged annulenes. Ring contractions of azuliporphyrins to benzocarbaporphyrins with tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of base have been proposed to involve a Cope rearrangement where a cycloheptatriene unit rearranges to give a norcaradiene-fused carbaporphyrinoid, followed elimination of tert-butyl alcohol, and Vogel's investigations into these types of valence tautomerization processes provides insights into these unusual transformations. In addition, a new class of porphyrin isomers has been synthesized and these porphyrin analogs extend the observations previously made for N-confused porphyrins and Vogel's constitutional isomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yu C, Jiao L, Tan X, Wang J, Xu Y, Wu Y, Yang G, Wang Z, Hao E. Straightforward Acid-Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrrolyldipyrromethenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7688-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
35
|
Yu C, Jiao L, Tan X, Wang J, Xu Y, Wu Y, Yang G, Wang Z, Hao E. Straightforward Acid-Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrrolyldipyrromethenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
36
|
Toganoh M, Furuta H. Blooming of confused porphyrinoids—fusion, expansion, contraction, and more confusion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:937-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14633e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
37
|
Lash TD, Pokharel K, Zeller M, Ferrence GM. Iridium(iii) azuliporphyrins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11793-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37104a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
38
|
Taniguchi M, Soares ARM, Chandrashaker V, Lindsey JS. A tandem combinatorial model for the prebiogenesis of diverse tetrapyrrole macrocycles. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj21050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
39
|
Taniguchi M, Du H, Lindsey JS. Virtual Libraries of Tetrapyrrole Macrocycles. Combinatorics, Isomers, Product Distributions, and Data Mining. J Chem Inf Model 2011; 51:2233-47. [PMID: 21866949 DOI: 10.1021/ci200240e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Hai Du
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
|