1
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Kang K, Iyer KA, Pyun J. On the Fundamental Polymer Chemistry of Inverse Vulcanization for Statistical and Segmented Copolymers from Elemental Sulfur. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200115. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung‐Seok Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Krishnan A. Iyer
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company 5200 Bayway Drive Baytown TX 77520 USA
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
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2
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Sykam K, Donempudi S, Basak P. 1,2,
3‐Triazole
rich polymers for flame retardant application: A review. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kesavarao Sykam
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Shailaja Donempudi
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Pratyay Basak
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
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3
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Dinér P, Proietti G, Prathap KJ, Ye X, Olsson RT. Nickel Boride Catalyzed Reductions of Nitro Compounds and Azides: Nanocellulose-Supported Catalysts in Tandem Reactions. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1579-2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNickel boride catalyst prepared in situ from NiCl2 and sodium borohydride allowed, in the presence of an aqueous solution of TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose (0.01 wt%), the reduction of a wide range of nitroarenes and aliphatic nitro compounds. Here we describe how the modified nanocellulose has a stabilizing effect on the catalyst that enables low loading of the nickel salt pre-catalyst. Ni-B prepared in situ from a methanolic solution was also used to develop a greener and facile reduction of organic azides, offering a substantially lowered catalyst loading with respect to reported methods in the literature. Both aromatic and aliphatic azides were reduced, and the protocol is compatible with a one-pot Boc-protection of the obtained amine yielding the corresponding carbamates. Finally, bacterial crystalline nanocellulose was chosen as a support for the Ni-B catalyst to allow an easy recovery step of the catalyst and its recyclability for new reduction cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dinér
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biology and Health, KTH – Royal Institute of Technology
| | - Giampiero Proietti
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biology and Health, KTH – Royal Institute of Technology
| | - Kaniraj Jeya Prathap
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biology and Health, KTH – Royal Institute of Technology
| | - Xinchen Ye
- Department Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH – Royal Institute of Technology
| | - Richard T. Olsson
- Department Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH – Royal Institute of Technology
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4
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Kang K, Phan A, Olikagu C, Lee T, Loy DA, Kwon M, Paik H, Hong SJ, Bang J, Parker WO, Sciarra M, Angelis AR, Pyun J. Segmented Polyurethanes and Thermoplastic Elastomers from Elemental Sulfur with Enhanced Thermomechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung‐Seok Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Anthony Phan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Chisom Olikagu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Taeheon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Douglas A. Loy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Minho Kwon
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering Pusan National University Pusan 46241 Korea
| | - Hyun‐jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering Pusan National University Pusan 46241 Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Wallace O. Parker
- Eni, Research & Technical Innovation Via Maritano 26 20097 San Donato Milanese Italy
| | - Monia Sciarra
- Eni, Research & Technical Innovation Via Maritano 26 20097 San Donato Milanese Italy
| | - Alberto R. Angelis
- Eni, Research & Technical Innovation Via Maritano 26 20097 San Donato Milanese Italy
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
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5
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Kang KS, Phan A, Olikagu C, Lee T, Loy DA, Kwon M, Paik HJ, Hong SJ, Bang J, Parker WO, Sciarra M, de Angelis AR, Pyun J. Segmented Polyurethanes and Thermoplastic Elastomers from Elemental Sulfur with Enhanced Thermomechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22900-22907. [PMID: 34402154 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The production of elemental sulfur from petroleum refining has created a technological opportunity to increase the valorization of elemental sulfur by the creation of high-performance sulfur based plastics with improved thermomechanical properties, elasticity and flame retardancy. We report on a synthetic polymerization methodology to prepare the first example of sulfur based segmented multi-block polyurethanes (SPUs) and thermoplastic elastomers that incorporate an appreciable amount of sulfur into the final target material. This approach applied both the inverse vulcanization of S8 with olefinic alcohols and dynamic covalent polymerizations with dienes to prepare sulfur polyols and terpolyols that were used in polymerizations with aromatic diisocyanates and short chain diols. Using these methods, a new class of high molecular weight, soluble block copolymer polyurethanes were prepared as confirmed by Size Exclusion Chromatography, NMR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and microscopic imaging. These sulfur-based polyurethanes were readily solution processed into large area free standing films where both the tensile strength and elasticity of these materials were controlled by variation of the sulfur polyol composition. SPUs with both high tensile strength (13-24 MPa) and ductility (348 % strain at break) were prepared, along with SPU thermoplastic elastomers (578 % strain at break) which are comparable values to classical thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs). The incorporation of sulfur into these polyurethanes enhanced flame retardancy in comparison to classical TPUs, which points to the opportunity to impart new properties to polymeric materials as a consequence of using elemental sulfur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Seok Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Anthony Phan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Chisom Olikagu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Taeheon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Douglas A Loy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Minho Kwon
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Wallace O Parker
- Eni, Research & Technical Innovation, Via Maritano 26, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Monia Sciarra
- Eni, Research & Technical Innovation, Via Maritano 26, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Alberto R de Angelis
- Eni, Research & Technical Innovation, Via Maritano 26, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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6
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Sykam K, Harika P, Donempudi S. Flame‐retardant, phosphorous‐based polyurethane triazoles via
solvent‐free
and
catalyst‐free azide–alkyne
cycloaddition and their cure kinetics. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kesavarao Sykam
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) New Delhi India
| | - Pothireddy Harika
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
| | - Shailaja Donempudi
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) New Delhi India
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7
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Fu T, Guo DM, Wang XL, Wang YZ. In situ phthalocyanine synthesis chemistry in flames towards molecular fireproof engineering. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9525-9528. [PMID: 32686812 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03899g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The boundaries between phthalocyanine synthesis and combustion chemistry were broken through to achieve molecular fireproofing via in situ phthalocyanine (Pcs) synthesis during combustion. Furthermore in situ Pcs chemistry achieves a flame-retarding organic thermoplastic polymer, showing state-of-the-art fire-safety performance and an ultra-low fire hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - De Ming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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8
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Poly (vinyl alcohol)/β-Cyclodextrin Composite Fiber with Good Flame Retardant and Super-Smoke Suppression Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051078. [PMID: 32397171 PMCID: PMC7284589 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibers with good flame retardant (FR) and smoke suppression performances are highly desirable for the purpose of eliminating fire hazard. This study developed a novel FR fiber by wet-spinning poly (vinyl alcohol)/β-cyclodextrin (PVA/βCD) composite fiber and crosslinking it with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). βCDs showed good compatibility with PVA matrix, and the resulting PVA/CD/HDI fibers showed mechanical strength at the same level as natural cotton fiber. The PVA/CD/HDI fibers also showed excellent flame retardance (the LOI value of PVA/CD/HDI could reach 41.7%, and their peak of heat release (PHRR) could be reduced by up to 77.7% by neat PVA), and super-smoke suppression (the value of total smoke production (TSP) was only 28.6% compared to PVA). These dramatic reductions of fire hazard were ascribed to the char formation of βCD and crosslinking structure of PVA/CD/HDI, which formed a compact char layer during combustion, thus preventing heat transmission and smoke release.
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9
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Fu T, Guo DM, Chen L, Wu WS, Wang XL, Wang YZ. Fire hazards management for polymeric materials via synergy effects of pyrolysates-fixation and aromatized-charring. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 389:122040. [PMID: 31991310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous approaches to suppressing fire hazards are concentrated on brominated flame retardants (BFRs) or phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs). However, their chemical hazards to health and environment have not been able to be ignored currently. It is quite urgent to propose a durable and environmentally-friendly fire-safe strategy, which can eliminate migration, release, and environmental hazards of traditional flame retardants during their use, disposal, and recycling. Herein, we design a fire-responsive molecule (FRM) only containing C, H, and O elements based on full-life-cycle consideration and achieve fire safety via the synergy of specifically binding aliphatic fragments and aromatized charring in combustion. The resulting polymer shows low fire hazard with excellent self-extinguish, low organic volatiles/heat/smoke release, and good comprehensive performance. This polymer can be fabricated to fibres with potential applications for textiles, and electronics, etc. Therefore, we achieve a durable fire-safe strategy without flame-retardant chemicals hazard. This approach can fundamentally eliminate the potential chemical hazards associated with the introduction of halogen or phosphorus flame retardants and give a new vision about solving the "flame retardant chemical hazard issues" that are debated, tracked, and evaluated for several decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Fu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - De-Ming Guo
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lin Chen
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wan-Shou Wu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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10
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Guan XH, Nie HR, Wang HH, Zhao JY, Wang ZP, Wang R, Liu BF, Zhou GY, Gu Q. High-solubility aromatic polyesters with fluorene and phthalein groups: Synthesis and property. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320912314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of aromatic polyesters bearing fluorene and phthalein groups were synthesized from commercially available 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene (BPF), phenolphthalein, and terephthaloyl chloride through an interfacial polymerization method. The microstructure, molecular weight, morphology, thermal properties, and thermal decomposition mechanism of these aromatic polyesters were investigated. Their mechanical properties were also evaluated. The results suggested that the copolymer compositions were approximately equal to the feed compositions. Moreover, the increase in the BPF unit content increased the glass transition and weight loss temperatures of the aromatic polyesters, owing to the strong rigidity of the bulky fluorene group. All the polymers were amorphous and exhibited good solubility in common organic solvents. Hence, the synthesized polymers could be easily cast into flexible films. The copolymer film samples exhibited better mechanical properties than those of the homopolymers. The tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation at break of the polymers first increased gradually, and then decreased with increasing BPF content. Notably, the copolymers exhibited the best mechanical properties at the BPF content range 30–50%. Owing to their characteristics, these synthesized polymers show great potential for application as high performance membrane materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hua Guan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - He-Ran Nie
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong-Hua Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ji-Yong Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bao-Feng Liu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Zhou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiang Gu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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11
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Guan X, Nie H, Wang H, Zhao J, Wang Z, Zhou G, Gu Q. High‐performance soluble copolyarylate based on phenolphthalein: synthesis, characterization and properties. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Guan
- College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun PR China
| | - Heran Nie
- Key Laboratory of EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun PR China
| | - Honghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun PR China
| | - Jiyong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun PR China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun PR China
| | - Guangyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun PR China
| | - Qiang Gu
- College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun PR China
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12
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Liu B, Chen L, Guo D, Liu X, Lei Y, Ding X, Wang Y. Fire‐Safe Polyesters Enabled by End‐Group Capturing Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9188-9193. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo‐Wen Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric MaterialsNational Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Li Chen
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric MaterialsNational Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - De‐Ming Guo
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric MaterialsNational Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiao‐Feng Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric MaterialsNational Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yu‐Fei Lei
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric MaterialsNational Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiao‐Min Ding
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric MaterialsNational Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yu‐Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric MaterialsNational Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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13
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Liu B, Chen L, Guo D, Liu X, Lei Y, Ding X, Wang Y. Fire‐Safe Polyesters Enabled by End‐Group Capturing Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo‐Wen Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric MaterialsNational Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Li Chen
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric MaterialsNational Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - De‐Ming Guo
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric MaterialsNational Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiao‐Feng Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric MaterialsNational Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yu‐Fei Lei
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric MaterialsNational Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiao‐Min Ding
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric MaterialsNational Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yu‐Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-safety Polymeric MaterialsNational Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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14
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Wang C, Wu L, Dai Y, Zhu Y, Wang B, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Sui X, Xu H, Mao Z. Application of self-templated PHMA sub-microtubes in enhancing flame-retardance and anti-dripping of PET. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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15
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Liao DJ, Xu QK, McCabe RW, Babu HV, Hu XP, Pan N, Wang DY, Hull TR. Ferrocene-Based Nonphosphorus Copolymer: Synthesis, High-Charring Mechanism, and Its Application in Fire Retardant Epoxy Resin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dui-Jun Liao
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Kui Xu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P.R. China
| | - Richard W. McCabe
- Centre
for Fire and Hazards Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, U.K
| | | | - Xiao-Ping Hu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P.R. China
- Centre
for Fire and Hazards Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, U.K
| | - Ning Pan
- Fundamental
Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P.R. China
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials
Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - T. Richard Hull
- Centre
for Fire and Hazards Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, U.K
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16
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Xu L, Xiao L, Jia P, Goossens K, Liu P, Li H, Cheng C, Huang Y, Bielawski CW, Geng J. Lightweight and Ultrastrong Polymer Foams with Unusually Superior Flame Retardancy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:26392-26399. [PMID: 28707895 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High-performance flame-retardant materials are urgently needed to address outstanding issues that pertain to safety. Traditional flame retardants are toxic to the environment and/or lack the physical properties required for use in many contemporary applications. Here, we show that isocyanate-based polyimide (PI) foam, a flammable material, can exhibit unusually superior flame retardancy as well as other excellent properties, such as being lightweight and displaying high mechanical strength, by incorporating red phosphorus (RP)-hybridized graphene. The covalent bonds formed between the graphene platelets and the PI matrix provide the resultant PI foam with a specific Young's modulus (83 kNm kg-1) that is comparable to or even higher than those displayed by state-of-the-art foams, including silica aerogels, polystyrene foams, and polyurethane foams. In addition, even a low content of the RP-hybridized graphene (2.2 wt %) results in an exceptionally higher limiting oxygen index (39.4) than those of traditional flame-retardant polymer-based materials (typically 20-30). The resultant PI foam also exhibits thermal insulation properties that are similar to that of air. Moreover, the RP-hybridized graphene is prepared using a one-step ball milling process in 100% yield, and does not require solvent or produce waste. The preparation of the flame-retardant PI foams can be scaled as the starting materials are commercially available and the techniques employed are industrially compatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Xu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Linhong Xiao
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Pan Jia
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Karel Goossens
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Peng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chungui Cheng
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yong Huang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Christopher W Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianxin Geng
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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17
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Wang P, Cai Z. Highly efficient flame-retardant epoxy resin with a novel DOPO-based triazole compound: Thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanism. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Ma X, Niu H, Cai W, Xiao T, Wang C, Bai X, Zhang Y, Wang W. New high-solubility aromatic polyesters with pendent phenothiazine: Synthesis, electrochromic and optoelectronic properties. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Wan L, Han D, Liu Q, Xu Z, Huang F. Polyether-based main-chain-type polytriazole elastomer with benzoxazine via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Wan
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Dongjin Han
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Farong Huang
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
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20
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Novel crosslinkable epoxy resins containing phenylacetylene and azobenzene groups: From thermal crosslinking to flame retardance. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Zhang Y, Ni YP, He MX, Wang XL, Chen L, Wang YZ. Phosphorus-containing copolyesters: The effect of ionic group and its analogous phosphorus heterocycles on their flame-retardant and anti-dripping performances. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Poduval MK, Kim TH. Synthesis of Triazole-functionalized Phenolic Resin and its Inherent Flame Retardant Property. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.11.3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Vegetable oil derived solvent, and catalyst free "click chemistry" thermoplastic polytriazoles. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:792901. [PMID: 25032224 PMCID: PMC4085725 DOI: 10.1155/2014/792901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Azide-alkyne Huisgen “click” chemistry provides new synthetic routes for making thermoplastic polytriazole polymers—without solvent or catalyst. This method was used to polymerize three diester dialkyne monomers with a lipid derived 18 carbon diazide to produce a series of polymers (labelled C18C18, C18C9, and C18C4 based on monomer chain lengths) free of residual solvent and catalyst. Three diester dialkyne monomers were synthesized with ester chain lengths of 4, 9, and 18 carbons from renewable sources. Significant differences in thermal and mechanical properties were observed between C18C9 and the two other polymers. C18C9 presented a lower melting temperature, higher elongation at break, and reduced Young's modulus compared to C18C4 and C18C18. This was due to the “odd-even” effect induced by the number of carbon atoms in the monomers which resulted in orientation of the ester linkages of C18C9 in the same direction, thereby reducing hydrogen bonding. The thermoplastic polytriazoles presented are novel polymers derived from vegetable oil with favourable mechanical and thermal properties suitable for a large range of applications where no residual solvent or catalyst can be tolerated. Their added potential biocompatibility and biodegradability make them ideal for applications in the medical and pharmaceutical industries.
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24
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Zhang Y, Chen L, Zhao JJ, Chen HB, He MX, Ni YP, Zhai JQ, Wang XL, Wang YZ. A phosphorus-containing PET ionomer: from ionic aggregates to flame retardance and restricted melt-dripping. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01030a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Zhao B, Chen L, Long JW, Jian RK, Wang YZ. Synergistic Effect between Aluminum Hypophosphite and Alkyl-Substituted Phosphinate in Flame-Retarded Polyamide 6. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4009056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Center for Degradable and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road 29, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Li Chen
- Center for Degradable and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road 29, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jia-Wei Long
- Center for Degradable and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road 29, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Rong-Kun Jian
- Center for Degradable and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road 29, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Center for Degradable and
Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering
Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road 29, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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26
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Zhang G, Xing XJ, Li DS, Wang XJ, Yang J. Effects of Thioether Content on the Solubility and Thermal Properties of Aromatic Polyesters. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie401750e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science & Technology, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-jing Xing
- College
of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Dong-sheng Li
- Institute of Materials Science & Technology, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-jun Wang
- Institute of Materials Science & Technology, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Materials Science & Technology, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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27
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Borreguero AM, Sharma P, Spiteri C, Velencoso MM, Carmona MS, Moses JE, Rodríguez JF. A novel click-chemistry approach to flame retardant polyurethanes. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Zhao B, Chen L, Long JW, Chen HB, Wang YZ. Aluminum Hypophosphite versus Alkyl-Substituted Phosphinate in Polyamide 6: Flame Retardance, Thermal Degradation, and Pyrolysis Behavior. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie303446s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Center for
Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric
Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric
Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Li Chen
- Center for
Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric
Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric
Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jia-Wei Long
- Center for
Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric
Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric
Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hong-Bing Chen
- Center for
Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric
Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric
Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Center for
Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric
Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric
Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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29
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30
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Wan Q, Song Y, Li Z, Gao X, Ma H. In vivo monitoring of hydrogen sulfide using a cresyl violet-based ratiometric fluorescence probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37725j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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E YP, Wan LQ, Li YJ, Huang FR, Du L. Thermally induced structural transformation of polytriazoleimide to polyindoleimide. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2012.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Zhao HB, Chen L, Yang JC, Ge XG, Wang YZ. A novel flame-retardant-free copolyester: cross-linking towards self extinguishing and non-dripping. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34376b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Chang HC, Lin CH, Lin HT, Dai SA. Deprotection-free preparation of propargyl ether-containing phosphinated benzoxazine and the structure-property relationship of the resulting thermosets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.25857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Ryu BY, Emrick T. Bisphenol-1,2,3-triazole (BPT) Epoxies and Cyanate Esters: Synthesis and Self-Catalyzed Curing. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200767j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Young Ryu
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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35
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Wang HX, Zhou KG, Xie YL, Zeng J, Chai NN, Li J, Zhang HL. Photoactive graphene sheets prepared by “click” chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:5747-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11121c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Triazole does the trick. Nat Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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