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Du W, Gao F, Cui P, Yu Z, Tong W, Wang J, Ren Z, Song C, Xu J, Ma H, Dang L, Zhang D, Lu Q, Jiang J, Wang J, Pi L, Sheng Z, Lu Q. Twisting, untwisting, and retwisting of elastic Co-based nanohelices. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4426. [PMID: 37481654 PMCID: PMC10363140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40001-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The reversible transformation of a nanohelix is one of the most exquisite and important phenomena in nature. However, nanomaterials usually fail to twist into helical crystals. Considering the irreversibility of the previously studied twisting forces, the reverse process (untwisting) is more difficult to achieve, let alone the retwisting of the untwisted crystalline nanohelices. Herein, we report a new reciprocal effect between molecular geometry and crystal structure which triggers a twisting-untwisting-retwisting cycle for tri-cobalt salicylate hydroxide hexahydrate. The twisting force stems from competition between the condensation reaction and stacking process, different from the previously reported twisting mechanisms. The resulting distinct nanohelices give rise to unusual structure elasticity, as reflected in the reversible change of crystal lattice parameters and the mutual transformation between the nanowires and nanohelices. This study proposes a fresh concept for designing reversible processes and brings a new perspective in crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 211816, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Science, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Cui
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, AnHui, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwu Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Wei Tong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory and High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jihao Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, AnHui, P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory and High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Ren
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory and High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Science, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Liyun Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qingyou Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, AnHui, P. R. China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory and High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, AnHui, P. R. China.
| | - Junfeng Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China.
| | - Li Pi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, AnHui, P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory and High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zhigao Sheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory and High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Qingyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China.
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Wu J, Wang N, Xie YR, Liu H, Huang X, Cong X, Chen HY, Ma J, Liu F, Zhao H, Zhang J, Tan PH, Wang H. Polymer-like Inorganic Double Helical van der Waals Semiconductor. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9054-9061. [PMID: 36321634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In high-performance flexible and stretchable electronic devices, conventional inorganic semiconductors made of rigid and brittle materials typically need to be configured into geometrically deformable formats and integrated with elastomeric substrates, which leads to challenges in scaling down device dimensions and complexities in device fabrication and integration. Here we report the extraordinary mechanical properties of the newly discovered inorganic double helical semiconductor tin indium phosphate. This spiral-shape double helical crystal shows the lowest Young's modulus (13.6 GPa) among all known stable inorganic materials. The large elastic (>27%) and plastic (>60%) bending strains are also observed and attributed to the easy slippage between neighboring double helices that are coupled through van der Waals interactions, leading to the high flexibility and deformability among known semiconducting materials. The results advance the fundamental understanding of the unique polymer-like mechanical properties and lay the foundation for their potential applications in flexible electronics and nanomechanics disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbin Wu
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089, United States
| | - Nan Wang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089, United States
| | - Ya-Ru Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100083, China
| | - Hefei Liu
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089, United States
| | - Xinghao Huang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089, United States
| | - Xin Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100083, China
| | - Hung-Yu Chen
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089, United States
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089, United States
| | - Fanxin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Information Technology in Biological and Medical Physics, and College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou310023, P. R. China
| | - Hangbo Zhao
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100083, China
| | - Ping-Heng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100083, China
| | - Han Wang
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089, United States
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089, United States
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Sarkar S, Maiti SK. Magnetoresistive effect in a quantum heterostructure with helical spacer: interplay between helicity and external electric field. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:305301. [PMID: 35550567 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac6f3d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Giant magnetoresistive effect in a multi-layered structure not only depends on the properties of magnetic systems, it also strongly depends on the type of non-magnetic spacer that is clamped between magnetic layers. In this work, we critically investigate the role of a helical spacer in presence of a transverse electric field. Two kinds of helical geometries, possessing short-range (SRH) and long-range hopping (LRH) of electrons, are taken into account mimicking single-stranded DNA and protein molecules respectively. Sandwiching the magnetic-non-magnetic-magnetic quantum heterostructure between source and drain contact electrodes, we investigate the properties of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) following the Green's function formalism within a tight-binding framework. The interplay between SRHs and LRHs of electrons provides several nontrivial signatures in GMR, especially in the presence of transverse electric field, as it makes the system a deterministic disordered one, similar to the well-known Aubry-Andre-Harper from. The famous gapped nature of energy band structure in presence of cosine modulation leads to high degree of magnetoresistance at multiple Fermi energies, compared to the traditional spacers. The magnetoresistive effect can be monitored selectively by adjusting the electric field strength and its direction. Comparing the results between the SRH and LRH cases, we find that the later one is more superior. Finally, to make the system more realistic we include the effect of dephasing. Our analysis may provide some fundamental aspects of designing electronic and spintronic devices based on magnetoresistive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Sarkar
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata-700108, India
| | - Santanu K Maiti
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata-700108, India
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Purschke DN, Pielmeier MRP, Üzer E, Ott C, Jensen C, Degg A, Vogel A, Amer N, Nilges T, Hegmann FA. Ultrafast Photoconductivity and Terahertz Vibrational Dynamics in Double-Helix SnIP Nanowires. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100978. [PMID: 34278600 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tin iodide phosphide (SnIP), an inorganic double-helix material, is a quasi-1D van der Waals semiconductor that shows promise in photocatalysis and flexible electronics. However, the understanding of the fundamental photophysics and charge transport dynamics of this new material is limited. Here, time-resolved terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is used to probe the transient photoconductivity of SnIP nanowire films and measure the carrier mobility. With insight into the highly anisotropic electronic structure from quantum chemical calculations, an electron mobility as high as 280 cm2 V-1 s-1 along the double-helix axis and a hole mobility of 238 cm2 V-1 s-1 perpendicular to the double-helix axis are detected. Additionally, infrared-active (IR-active) THz vibrational modes are measured, which shows excellent agreement with first-principles calculations, and an ultrafast photoexcitation-induced charge redistribution is observed that reduces the amplitude of a twisting mode of the outer SnI helix on picosecond timescales. Finally, it is shown that the carrier lifetime and mobility are limited by a trap density greater than 1018 cm-3 . The results provide insight into the optical excitation and relaxation pathways of SnIP and demonstrate a remarkably high carrier mobility for such a soft and flexible material, suggesting that it could be ideally suited for flexible electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Purschke
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Markus R P Pielmeier
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Ebru Üzer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Claudia Ott
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Charles Jensen
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Annabelle Degg
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Anna Vogel
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Naaman Amer
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Tom Nilges
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Frank A Hegmann
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
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5
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Abstract
Nature's evolution over billions of years has led to the development of different kinds of twisted structures in a variety of biological species. Twisted fibers from nanoscale- to micrometer-scale diameter have been prepared by mimicking natural twisted structures. Mechanically inserting twist in a yarn is an efficient and important method, which generates internal stress, changes the macromolecular orientation, and increases compactness. Recently, twist insertion has been found to produce interesting fiber properties, including chemical, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. This Account summarizes recent progress in how twist insertion affects the chemical and physical properties of fibers and describes their applications in artificial spider silk, artificial muscles, refrigeration, and electricity generation.Twist and associated chirality widely arise in nature from molecules to nano- and microscale materials to macroscopic objects such as DNA, RNA, peptides, and chromosomes. Such twisted architectures play an important role in improving the mechanical properties and enabling biological functions. Inspired by the beauty and interesting properties of twisted structures, a wide range of artificial chiral materials with twisted or coiled structures have been prepared, from organic and inorganic nanorods, nanotubes, and nanobelts to macroscopic architectures and buildings.An efficient way to prepare twisted materials is by inserting twist in fibers or yarns, which is an ancient technique used to make yarns or ropes (Wang, R., et al. Science 2019, 366, 216-221. Mu, J., et al. Science 2019, 365, 150-155). During the twisting process, torque is generated in fibers or yarns, the structure of the polymer chains becomes helically oriented, and the fibers in a yarn become more compact. Therefore, the twisting of fibers and yarns can produce novel chemical, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties (Dou, Y., et al. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 1-10. Kim, S. H., et al. Science 2017, 357, 773-778). This Account focuses on the novel properties generated by twist insertion. The mechanical stress and strain can be optimized in a yarn by twist insertion, and different types of fibers exhibit rather different mechanisms.In the first section, we will focus on recent progress in improving the mechanical properties of twisted fibers, including carbon nanotube yarns, single-filament fibers, and hydrogel fibers. Torque was generated by twist insertion in a fiber or a yarn, and the balance of internal torsional stress can be changed by causing a change in yarn volume. This will result in twist release and torsional and tensile actuations of the yarn, which will be described in the second section. Twisting a yarn generally makes it more compact, which will result in a mechanically induced change in capacitance, supercapacitance, and other useful electrochemical properties when a conducting yarn is in an electrolyte. Such processes were used to develop novel devices for twist-based electricity generation, called twistrons, which will be discussed in the third section. Twist insertion or release also changes the polymer chain orientation or crystal structure, resulting in changes in entropy. This is called the twistocaloric effect, which was used to develop a new cooling method, and will be discussed in the last section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- College of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shaoli Fang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Xueqi Leng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zunfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ray H. Baughman
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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Sarkar S, Maiti SK. Localization to delocalization transition in a double stranded helical geometry: effects of conformation, transverse electric field and dynamics. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:505301. [PMID: 33006319 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abb05f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conformational effect on electronic localization is critically investigated for the first time considering a double-stranded helical geometry (DSHG) subjected to an electric field. In the presence of electric field the DSHG behaves like a correlated disordered system whose site potentials are modulated in a cosine form like the well known Aubry-André-Harper model. The potential distribution can be modulated further by changing the orientation of the incident field. A similar kind of cosine modulation is also introduced in the inter-strand hopping integrals of the DSHG. Suitably adjusting the orientation of the electric field, we can achieve fully extended energy eigenstates or completely localized ones or a mixture of both. The effects of short-range and long-range hopping integrals along with the chirality on localization are thoroughly studied. Finally, we inspect the role of helical dynamics to make the model more realistic. The interplay between the helical geometry and electric field may open up several notable features of electronic localization and can be verified by using different chiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Sarkar
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata-700 108, India
| | - Santanu K Maiti
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata-700 108, India
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Bijoy TK, Murugan P, Kumar V. Atomic and electronic structure of solids of Ge 2Br 2PN, Ge 2I 2PN, Sn 2Cl 2PN, Sn 2Br 2PN and Sn 2I 2PN inorganic double helices: a first principles study. RSC Adv 2020; 10:14714-14719. [PMID: 35497117 PMCID: PMC9052028 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the results of density functional theory calculations on the atomic and electronic structure of solids formed by assembling A2B2PN (A = Ge and Sn, B = Cl, Br, and I) inorganic double helices.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. K. Bijoy
- Dr Vijay Kumar Foundation
- Gurgaon 122001
- India
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute
- Karaikudi 630003
| | - P. Murugan
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute
- Karaikudi 630003
- India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Dr Vijay Kumar Foundation
- Gurgaon 122001
- India
- Center for Informatics
- School of Natural Sciences
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Wu J, Shi Q, Zhang Z, Wu HH, Wang C, Ning F, Xiao S, He J, Zhang Z. Nature-inspired entwined coiled carbon mechanical metamaterials: molecular dynamics simulations. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:15641-15653. [PMID: 30091442 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04507k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Entwining-induced robust natural biosystems show superior mechanical performances over their counterparts. However, the role played by topological entwinement in the mechanical properties of artificial nanohelixes remains unknown. Here, the tensile characteristics of nano-entwined carbon nanocoil (ECNC) metamaterials are explored by atomistic simulations. The simulation results show that ECNCs exhibit heterogeneous pre-stress distribution along the spiral surfaces. The predicted stretching stress-strain responses correlate with the topological nano-entwining and dimensionality. Topological analysis reveals that the collective stretching of the bond and bond angle on the inner hexagon edge of the coils characterizes both early and final elastic extensions, whereas the intermediate elasticity is exclusively attributed to the inner-edged hexagon-angular deformation. The ECNCs impart pronounced tensile stiffnesses to the native structures, surprisingly with a maximum of over 13-fold higher stiffness for one triple-helix, beyond the scalability of mechanical springs in parallel, originating from the nano-entwining mechanism and increase in bulkiness. However, the reinforcement in strengths is restricted by the elastic strain limits that are degraded in ECNCs owing to the steric hindrance effect. All metastructures show superelongation-at-break due to a successive break-vs.-arrest process. Upon plastic deformation, the localized reduction in the radii of ECNCs leads to the formation of carbyne-based networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Wu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Jiujiang Research, Institute and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China.
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Katoono R, Kawai S, Fujiwara K, Suzuki T. Controllability of dynamic double helices: quantitative analysis of the inversion of a screw-sense preference upon complexation. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6592-6600. [PMID: 28757962 PMCID: PMC5506618 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02614h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a quantitative analysis of the complexation-induced inversion of a screw-sense preference based on a conformationally dynamic double-helix structure in a macrocycle. The macrocycle is composed of two twisting units (terephthalamide), which are spaced by two strands (1,3-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene), and is designed to generate a double-helix structure through twisting about a C2 axis in a conrotatory manner. The attachment of chiral auxiliaries to the twisting units induces a helical preference for a particular sense of (M)- or (P)-helicity through the intramolecular transmission of chirality to dynamic double helices. The twisting unit can also act as a binding site for capturing a guest molecule, and, in a complexed state, the preferred screw sense of the dynamic double-helix structure is reversed to exhibit the contrary preference. We quantitatively monitored the complexation-induced inversion of the screw-sense preference using 1H NMR spectroscopy, which enabled us to observe independently two species with (M)- or (P)-helicity in both the absence and presence of a guest molecule. Inversion of the screw-sense preference was induced upon complexation with an achiral guest as well as a chiral guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Katoono
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan . ; ; Tel: +81 11 706 3396
| | - Shunsuke Kawai
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan . ; ; Tel: +81 11 706 3396
| | - Kenshu Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan . ; ; Tel: +81 11 706 3396
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan . ; ; Tel: +81 11 706 3396
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Liu B, Cao Y, Huang Z, Duan Y, Che S. Silica biomineralization via the self-assembly of helical biomolecules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:479-97. [PMID: 25339438 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The biomimetic synthesis of relevant silica materials using biological macromolecules as templates via silica biomineralization processes attract rapidly rising attention toward natural and artificial materials. Biomimetic synthesis studies are useful for improving the understanding of the formation mechanism of the hierarchical structures found in living organisms (such as diatoms and sponges) and for promoting significant developments in the biotechnology, nanotechnology and materials chemistry fields. Chirality is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature and is an inherent feature of biomolecular components in organisms. Helical biomolecules, one of the most important types of chiral macromolecules, can self-assemble into multiple liquid-crystal structures and be used as biotemplates for silica biomineralization, which renders them particularly useful for fabricating complex silica materials under ambient conditions. Over the past two decades, many new silica materials with hierarchical structures and complex morphologies have been created using helical biomolecules. In this review, the developments in this field are described and the recent progress in silica biomineralization templating using several classes of helical biomolecules, including DNA, polypeptides, cellulose and rod-like viruses is summarized. Particular focus is placed on the formation mechanism of biomolecule-silica materials (BSMs) with hierarchical structures. Finally, current research challenges and future developments are discussed in the conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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11
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Dai L, Huang X, Zhang L, Zhang L, Ge L. Mechanical properties of normal and binormal double nanohelices. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11373j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal double nanohelices made up of straight wires excel the binormal and rope-like double nanohelices in both load capacity and elasticity, and remain the mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
| | | | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR
- China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR
- China
- Shenzhen Research Institute
| | - Lijuan Ge
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou 215009
- China
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12
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Dai L, Huang XJ, Dong LX, Zhang Q, Zhang L. Mechanically tough, elastic and stable rope-like double nanohelices. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:9436-9442. [PMID: 24777391 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00296b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Double helix nanostructures have been the object of intense theoretical and experimental investigations in recent years due to their various types of available materials and unique morphology. Among these structures, rope-like double nanohelices of two strands in contact along a line can be obtained using any one-dimensional nanostructure. In this work, we establish a novel theory for quantitatively exploring the statics and dynamics of rope-like double nanohelices by employing the concept of the extensible Cosserat curve. The rope-like double nanohelices are tough, relatively elastic, and mechanically stable, which agrees well with the experiments. The characteristics of the interaction between the two strands, the tensile modulus and the torque are precisely described and explained across the entire stretching region. The proposed model offers in depth quantitative insight into the mechanics of double helix nanostructures, and supplies a reliable reference for further experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dai
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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13
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Abstract
As one of the most important and land-mark structures found in nature, a double helix consists of two congruent single helices with the same axis or a translation along the axis. This double helical structure renders the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) the crucial biomolecule in evolution and metabolism. DNA-like double helical nanostructures are probably the most fantastic yet ubiquitous geometry at the nanoscale level, which are expected to exhibit exceptional and even rather different properties due to the unique organization of the two single helices and their synergistic effect. The organization of nanomaterials into double helical structures is an emerging hot topic for nanomaterials science due to their promising exceptional unique properties and applications. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art research progress for the fabrication of double-helical nanostructures based on 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' strategies. The relevant nanoscale, mesoscale, and macroscopic scale fabrication methods, as well as the properties of the double helical nanostructures are included. Critical perspectives are devoted to the synthesis principles and potential applications in this emerging research area. A multidisciplinary approach from the scope of nanoscience, physics, chemistry, materials, engineering, and other application areas is still required to the well-controlled and large-scale synthesis, mechanism, property, and application exploration of double helical nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qiang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
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Liu B, Han L, Duan Y, Cao Y, Feng J, Yao Y, Che S. Growth of optically active chiral inorganic films through DNA self-assembly and silica mineralisation. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4866. [PMID: 24784912 PMCID: PMC4007082 DOI: 10.1038/srep04866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The circularly polarized reflection of nature is due to their distinct azimuthally twisted or helical character in the nanostructure of the surface films. Although many chiral inorganic powders have been successfully synthesised, the artificial synthesis of chiral inorganic films is rare. Herein, we reported a facile synthetic route for the growth of monolayered chiral film on the quaternary ammonium-modified silicon substrate. The films grew on the substrate surface because of the strong electrostatic interaction between positively charged quaternary ammonium groups and negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA, with subsequent growth to right-handed, vertically aligned, impeller-like helical architectures with left-handed two-dimensional square p4mm-structured DNA chiral packing. The DNA-silica composite films exhibited strong optical activity at 295 nm and in the range of 400-800 nm, corresponding to DNA chiral packing (absorption) and to the helical blade in the impeller (scattering), respectively. Upon removal of DNA templates, the pure inorganic impeller-like helical morphology was maintained; consequently, the scattering-based optical response was blue-shifted approximately 200 nm as a result of a decrease in the effective average refractive index. The hierarchical structures were reflected from the surfaces by cross-polarised light, which confirmed that the films were strongly birefringent, with long-range anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lu Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yingying Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yunayuan Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ji Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shunai Che
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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15
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Sun Z, Luo Z, Gan C, Fei S, Liu Y, Lei H. Electrochemical immunosensor based on hydrophilic polydopamine-coated prussian blue-mesoporous carbon for the rapid screening of 3-bromobiphenyl. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 59:99-105. [PMID: 24709325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for 3-bromobiphenyl (3-BBP) detection was constructed by employing a new polydopamine coated prussian blue-mesoporous carbon (PDOP/PB/CMK-3) nanocomposite as the substrate platform and multi-horseradish peroxidase-double helix carbon nanotubes-secondary antibody (multi-HRP-DHCNTs-Ab2) as the signal label. PB/CMK-3 was firstly successfully in-situ synthesized with the aid of the CMK-3 reduction, which was characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N2 adsorption-desorption analysis. By using PDOP/PB/CMK-3 as the substrate, it can effectively enhance the specific surface for antigen loading due to the three-dimensional structure of the nanocomposites, while large amount of PB that fixed inside or outside the pore of CMK-3 successfully improved the electrochemical response and the PDOP film can provide a biocompatible environment to maintain the activity of antigen availability. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed immunosensor shows a good current response to 3-BBP in a linear range from 5 pM to 2 nM with a detection limit of 2.25 pM. In addition, the specificity, reproducibility and stability of the immunosensor were also proved to be acceptable, indicating its potential application in environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihong Sun
- Institute of Biomaterials, College of Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhigang Luo
- Institute of Biomaterials, College of Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Cuifen Gan
- Institute of Biomaterials, College of Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shidong Fei
- Shenzhen Water Quality Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Yingju Liu
- Institute of Biomaterials, College of Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Hongtao Lei
- The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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16
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Zhang B, Su DS. Transmission electron microscopy and the science of carbon nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:222-229. [PMID: 23913822 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201301303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon is a unique and versatile element that is capable of forming different architectures at nanoscale. The element has become a key component in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) acts as "our eyes" enabling us not only to reveal the morphology, but also to provide structural, chemical and electronic information of nanocarbon on the atomic level. In fact, except for fullerene, nearly all types of carbon nanomaterials were discovered by TEM, such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanocones, and graphene-like nanocarbon. It cannot be imagined what nanoscience and nanotechnology would be without the contributions of TEM. Herein, the "interaction" between TEM and the science of carbon nanomaterials is reviewed and it is demonstrated for some selected examples that TEM provides a dramatic driving force for the development of nanocarbon science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsen Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
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17
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Liu B, Cao Y, Duan Y, Che S. Water-Dependent Optical Activity Inversion of Chiral DNA-Silica Assemblies. Chemistry 2013; 19:16382-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Chirality in nanoscience may offer new opportunities for applications beyond the traditional fields of chirality, such as the asymmetric catalysts in the molecular world and the chiral propellers in the macroscopic world. In the last two decades, there has been an amazing array of chiral nanostructures reported in the literature. This review aims to explore and categorize the common mechanisms underlying these systems. We start by analyzing the origin of chirality in simple systems such as the helical spring and hair vortex. Then, the chiral nanostructures in the literature were categorized according to their material composition and underlying mechanism. Special attention is paid to highlight systems with original discoveries, exceptional structural characteristics, or unique mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
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Thomas S, Lagzi I, Molnár F, Rácz Z. Helices in the wake of precipitation fronts. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:022141. [PMID: 24032809 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.022141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical study of the emergence of helices in the wake of precipitation fronts is presented. The precipitation dynamics is described by the Cahn-Hilliard equation and the fronts are obtained by quenching the system into a linearly unstable state. Confining the process onto the surface of a cylinder and using the pulled-front formalism, our analytical calculations show that there are front solutions that propagate into the unstable state and leave behind a helical structure. We find that helical patterns emerge only if the radius of the cylinder R is larger than a critical value R>R(c), in agreement with recent experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibi Thomas
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Eötvös University, 1017 Budapest, Hungary
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Liu W, Zhu Z, Deng K, Li Z, Zhou Y, Qiu H, Gao Y, Che S, Tang Z. Gold Nanorod@Chiral Mesoporous Silica Core–shell Nanoparticles with Unique Optical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:9659-64. [DOI: 10.1021/ja312327m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- Laboratory
of Nanomaterials, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Zhening Zhu
- Laboratory
of Nanomaterials, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Ke Deng
- Laboratory
of Nanomaterials, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Zhengtao Li
- Laboratory
of Nanomaterials, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Zhou
- Laboratory
of Nanomaterials, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, State Key
Laboratory of Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- Laboratory
of Nanomaterials, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Shunai Che
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, State Key
Laboratory of Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- Laboratory
of Nanomaterials, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People’s
Republic of China
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Liu S, Duan Y, Feng X, Yang J, Che S. Synthesis of Enantiopure Carbonaceous Nanotubes with Optical Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Liu S, Duan Y, Feng X, Yang J, Che S. Synthesis of Enantiopure Carbonaceous Nanotubes with Optical Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6858-62. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Recently, inorganic double-helical structures based on simple lithium and phosphorus salts have been demonstrated. We have analyzed the nature of bonding in these double helices of LinPn (n = 7-9). Similar to DNA, noncovalent interactions and cooperativity play an important role in stabilizing the inorganic double helices. Cooperativity imparts an additional stabilization of 4.5 to 10.1 kcal/mol per Li-P pair. In addition, the ionicity of Li-P units further augments the stability of these inorganic double-helix structures in contrast with the canonical base pairs in DNA, where noncovalent interactions determine the duplex stability. Unwinding is shown to be unfavorable, and cleavage of a few edge Li-P bonds leads to spontaneous self-healing into the intact double-helix tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Jissy
- †School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, CET Campus, Thiruvananthapuram-695016, Kerala, India
| | - Ayan Datta
- ‡Department of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur -700032, West Bengal, India
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Thomas S, Lagzi I, Molnár F, Rácz Z. Probability of the emergence of helical precipitation patterns in the wake of reaction-diffusion fronts. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:078303. [PMID: 25166415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.078303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Helical and helicoidal precipitation patterns emerging in the wake of reaction-diffusion fronts are studied. In our experiments, these chiral structures arise with well-defined probabilities P(H) controlled by conditions such as, e.g., the initial concentration of the reagents. We develop a model which describes the observed experimental trends. The results suggest that P(H) is determined by a delicate interplay among the time and length scales related to the front and to the unstable precipitation modes and, furthermore, that the noise amplitude also plays a quantifiable role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibi Thomas
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Eötvös University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Lagzi
- Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Molnár
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, 12180 New York, USA
| | - Zoltán Rácz
- Institute for Theoretical Physics-HAS, Eötvös University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Zhao MQ, Zhang Q, Tian GL, Huang JQ, Wei F. Space confinement and rotation stress induced self-organization of double-helix nanostructure: a nanotube twist with a moving catalyst head. ACS NANO 2012; 6:4520-4529. [PMID: 22519687 DOI: 10.1021/nn301421x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic materials with double-helix structure have attracted intensive attention due to not only their elegant morphology but also their amazing morphology-related potential applications. The investigation on the formation mechanism of the inorganic double-helix nanostructure is the first step for the fundamental studies of their materials or physical properties. Herein, we demonstrated the space confinement and rotation stress induced self-organization mechanism of the carbon nanotube (CNT)-array double helices under scanning electron microscopy by directly observing their formation process from individual layered double hydroxide flakes, which is a kind of hydrotalcite-like material composed of positively charged layers and charge-balancing interlayer anions. Space confinement is considered to be the most important extrinsic factor for the formation of CNT-array double helices. Synchronous growth of the CNT arrays oppositely from LDH flakes with space confinement on both sides at the same time is essential for the growth of CNT-array double helices. Coiling of the as-grown CNT arrays into double helices will proceed by self-organization, tending to the most stable morphology in order to release their internal rotation stress. Based on the demonstrated mechanism, effective routes were carried out to improve the selectivity for CNT-array double helices. The work provides a promising method for the fabrication of double-helix nanostructures with their two helices connected at the end by self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qiang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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