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Hamadeh A, Palmino F, Mathurin J, Deniset-Besseau A, Grosnit L, Luzet V, Jeannoutot J, Dazzi A, Chérioux F. Toward conformational identification of molecules in 2D and 3D self-assemblies on surfaces. Commun Chem 2023; 6:246. [PMID: 37951991 PMCID: PMC10640604 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of supramolecular networks based on organic molecules deposited on surfaces, is highly attractive for various applications. One of the remaining challenges is the expansion of monolayers to well-ordered multilayers in order to enhance the functionality and complexity of self-assemblies. In this study, we present an assessment of molecular conformation from 2D to 3D supramolecular networks adsorbed onto a HOPG surface under ambient conditions utilizing a combination of scanning probe microscopies and atomic force microscopy- infrared (AFM-IR). We have observed that the infrared (IR) spectra of the designed molecules vary from layer to layer due to the modifications in the dihedral angle between the C=O group and the neighboring phenyl ring, especially in the case of a 3D supramolecular network consisting of multiple layers of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hamadeh
- Université de Franche-Comté, FEMTO-ST, CNRS, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Frank Palmino
- Université de Franche-Comté, FEMTO-ST, CNRS, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Jérémie Mathurin
- Université de Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie-Physique, F-91400, Orsay, France
| | | | - Louis Grosnit
- Université de Franche-Comté, FEMTO-ST, CNRS, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Vincent Luzet
- Université de Franche-Comté, FEMTO-ST, CNRS, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | | | - Alexandre Dazzi
- Université de Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie-Physique, F-91400, Orsay, France
| | - Frédéric Chérioux
- Université de Franche-Comté, FEMTO-ST, CNRS, F-25000, Besançon, France.
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2
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Henderson WR, Liu G, Abboud KA, Castellano RK. Tuning Supramolecular Polymer Assembly through Stereoelectronic Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12688-12698. [PMID: 34346675 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The supramolecular polymerization of 2,11-dithia[3.3]paracyclophanes through self-complementary intermolecular and transannular amide hydrogen bonding is presented. An n → π* interaction between the amide hydrogen bonding units and the central bridging atom results from the single-point exchange of a carbon atom for a sulfur atom. This orbital donor-acceptor interaction can be strengthened by oxidizing the sulfide to a sulfone which acts to shorten the donor···acceptor distance and increase orbital overlap. Experimental signatures of the increased n → π* interaction include larger isodesmic polymerization elongation constants in solution, changes in characteristic bond stretching frequencies, and geometric/structural changes evaluated by X-ray crystallography. The experimental data are supported by extensive computational investigations of both assembling and nonassembling 2,11-dithia[3.3]paracyclophanes as well as a rationally designed model system to confirm the role of stereoelectronic effects on supramolecular polymer assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will R Henderson
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Guancen Liu
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Ronald K Castellano
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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3
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Rusch TR, Hammerich M, Herges R, Magnussen OM. Molecular platforms as versatile building blocks for multifunctional photoswitchable surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9511-9514. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04528g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structurally well-defined arrangements of multiple functional groups can be prepared by self-assembly of mixed monolayers based on molecular platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talina R. Rusch
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics
- Kiel University
- Kiel
- Germany
| | | | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Kiel University
- Kiel
- Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics
- Kiel University
- Kiel
- Germany
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4
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Fang Y, Cibian M, Hanan GS, Perepichka DF, De Feyter S, Cuccia LA, Ivasenko O. Alkyl chain length effects on double-deck assembly at a liquid/solid interface. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:14993-15002. [PMID: 30052249 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04220a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Controlled double-deck packing is an appealing means to expand upon conventional 2D self-assembly which is critical in crystal engineering, yet it is rare and poorly understood. Herein, we report the first systematic study of double-deck assembly in a series of alkylated aminoquinone derivatives at the liquid-solid interface. The competition between the fraction of alkyl chains adsorbed on the surface and the optimal conformation of the alkyl chains near the head group leads to a stepwise structural transformation ranging from complete double-deck packing to complete monolayer packing. Alkyl chains on the bottom or top layer of the double-deck assemblies were selectively visualized by carefully tuning the scanning tunneling microscopy settings. A method to easily identify mirror image domains was discovered based on the coincidence of domain boundaries with a graphite main axis. The effect of molecular symmetry and metal complexation on the formation of the double-deck assembly was also explored. Based on 2D crystal engineering principles, this bottom-up double-deck assembly can potentially provide an essential toehold for constructing precise 3D hierarchical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada.
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5
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Bigeon J, Le Liepvre S, Vassant S, Belabas N, Bardou N, Minot C, Yacomotti A, Levenson A, Charra F, Barbay S. Strong Coupling between Self-Assembled Molecules and Surface Plasmon Polaritons. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5626-5632. [PMID: 29094949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate strong coupling between self-assembled PTCDI-C7 organic molecules and the electromagnetic mode generated by surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The system consists of a dense self-assembly of ordered molecules evaporated directly on a thin gold film, which stack perpendicularly to the metal surface to form H-aggregates, without a host matrix. Experimental wavevector-resolved reflectance spectra show the formation of hybrid states that display a clear anticrossing, attesting the strong coupling regime with a Rabi splitting energy of ΩR ≃ 102 meV at room temperature. We demonstrate that the strength of the observed strong coupling regime derives from the high degree of organization of the dense layers of self-assembled molecules at the nanoscale that results in the concentration of the oscillator strength in a charge-transfer Frenkel exciton, with a dipole moment parallel to the direction of the maximum electric field. We compare our results to numerical simulations of a transfer matrix model and reach good qualitative agreement with the experimental findings. In our nanophotonic system, the use of self-assembled molecules opens interesting prospects in the context of strong coupling regimes with molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bigeon
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , C2N Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - S Le Liepvre
- Service de Physique de l' État Condensé, SPEC-CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Vassant
- Service de Physique de l' État Condensé, SPEC-CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N Belabas
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , C2N Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - N Bardou
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , C2N Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - C Minot
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , C2N Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A Yacomotti
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , C2N Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A Levenson
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , C2N Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - F Charra
- Service de Physique de l' État Condensé, SPEC-CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Barbay
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , C2N Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
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Valášek M, Mayor M. Spatial and Lateral Control of Functionality by Rigid Molecular Platforms. Chemistry 2017; 23:13538-13548. [PMID: 28766790 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Surface mounted molecular devices have received significant attention in the scientific community because of their unique ability to construct functional materials. The key involves the platform on which the molecular device works on solid substrates, such as in solid-liquid or solid-vacuum interfaces. Here, we outline the concept of rigid molecular platforms to immobilize active functionality atop flat surfaces in a controllable manner. Most of these (multipodal) platforms have at least three anchoring groups to control the spatial arrangement of the protruding functional moieties and form mechanically stable and electronically tuned contacts to the underlying substrate. Another approach is based on employing of flat aromatic scaffolds bearing perpendicular functionalities that form stable lateral assemblies on various surfaces. Emphasis is placed on the need for controllable assembly and separation of these tailor-made molecules that expose functionalities at the molecular scale. The discussions are focused on the different molecular designs realizing functional 3D architectures on surfaces, the role of various anchoring strategies to control the spatial arrangement, and structural considerations controlling physical features like the coupling to the surface or the available space for sterically demanding molecular operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Xingang Rd. W., Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Six A, Bocheux A, Charra F, Mathevet F, Kreher D, Attias AJ. 2D self-assembly of phenylene-vinylene tectons at the liquid-highly oriented pyrolytic graphite interface: from chain length effects to anisotropic guest-host dynamics. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:025602. [PMID: 27922835 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/28/2/025602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of new phenylene-vinylene tectons. The study by scanning tunneling microscopy of their supramolecular self-assembly at the interface between a phenyloctane solution and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite demonstrates that variation of concentration and length of alkyl chains led to the formation of different networks, a compact one and a nanoporous one, with a fine control of the lattice parameters. The study of guest-host properties of the nanoporous network revealed a selectivity toward guest compounds according to their shape and size. Moreover, the statistical analysis of pore-to-pore guest dynamics evidences an anisotropic diffusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Six
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
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8
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Du P, Kreher D, Mathevet F, Maldivi P, Charra F, Attias AJ. Surface-Confined Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Molecular Nanocranes for Chemically Lifting and Positioning C60 above a Conducting Substrate. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3774-8. [PMID: 26488211 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
2D supramolecular self-assembly is a good way to form well-defined nanostructures on various substrates. One of the current challenges is to extend this approach to 3D functional building blocks. Here, we address this issue by providing a strategy for the controlled lifting and positioning of functional units above a graphitic substrate. This is the first time that multistory cyclophane-based 3D tectons incorporating C60 units have been designed and synthesized. Molecular modelling provides a description of the 3D geometries and evidences the flexible character of the building blocks. Despite this later feature, the supramolecular self-assembly of Janus tectons on HOPG yields well-ordered adlayers incorporating C60 arrays at well-defined mean distances from the surface. As our approach is not limited to C60 , the results reported here open-up possibilities for applications where the topological and electronic interactions between the substrate and the functional unit are of prime importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Du
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.,Institut für Nanotechnologie (INT), Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - David Kreher
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Mathevet
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Maldivi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INAC-SCIB, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Charra
- Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (SPEC), UMR CEA-CNRS 3680, IRAMIS, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - André-Jean Attias
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
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9
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Du P, Bléger D, Charra F, Bouchiat V, Kreher D, Mathevet F, Attias AJ. A versatile strategy towards non-covalent functionalization of graphene by surface-confined supramolecular self-assembly of Janus tectons. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:632-9. [PMID: 25821703 PMCID: PMC4362293 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D), supramolecular self-assembly at surfaces is now well-mastered with several existing examples. However, one remaining challenge to enable future applications in nanoscience is to provide potential functionalities to the physisorbed adlayer. This work reviews a recently developed strategy that addresses this key issue by taking advantage of a new concept, Janus tecton materials. This is a versatile, molecular platform based on the design of three-dimensional (3D) building blocks consisting of two faces linked by a cyclophane-type pillar. One face is designed to steer 2D self-assembly onto C(sp(2))-carbon-based flat surfaces, the other allowing for the desired functionality above the substrate with a well-controlled lateral order. In this way, it is possible to simultaneously obtain a regular, non-covalent paving as well as supramolecular functionalization of graphene, thus opening interesting perspectives for nanoscience applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Du
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Chimie des Polymères, UMR CNRS 8232, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 3 rue Galilée, 94200 Ivry, France
| | - David Bléger
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Chimie des Polymères, UMR CNRS 8232, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 3 rue Galilée, 94200 Ivry, France
| | - Fabrice Charra
- Laboratoire de Nanophotonique, Service de Physique de l’Etat Condensé CEA/Saclay 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Bouchiat
- Department Nanosciences Institut Neel, CNRS, Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - David Kreher
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Chimie des Polymères, UMR CNRS 8232, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 3 rue Galilée, 94200 Ivry, France
| | - Fabrice Mathevet
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Chimie des Polymères, UMR CNRS 8232, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 3 rue Galilée, 94200 Ivry, France
| | - André-Jean Attias
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Chimie des Polymères, UMR CNRS 8232, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 3 rue Galilée, 94200 Ivry, France
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Du P, Jaouen M, Bocheux A, Bourgogne C, Han Z, Bouchiat V, Kreher D, Mathevet F, Fiorini-Debuisschert C, Charra F, Attias AJ. Surface-confined self-assembled Janus tectons: a versatile platform towards the noncovalent functionalization of graphene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:10060-6. [PMID: 25047257 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A general strategy for simultaneously generating surface-based supramolecular architectures on flat sp(2) -hybridized carbon supports and independently exposing on demand off-plane functionality with controlled lateral order is highly desirable for the noncovalent functionalization of graphene. Here, we address this issue by providing a versatile molecular platform based on a library of new 3D Janus tectons that form surface-confined supramolecular adlayers in which it is possible to simultaneously steer the 2D self-assembly on flat C(sp(2))-based substrates and tailor the external interface above the substrate by exposure to a wide variety of small terminal chemical groups and functional moieties. This approach is validated throughout by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the liquid-solid interface and molecular mechanics modeling studies. The successful self-assembly on graphene, together with the possibility to transfer the graphene monolayer onto various substrates, should considerably extend the application of our functionalization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Du
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Chimie des Polymères, UMR CNRS 8232, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 3 rue Galilée, 94200 Ivry (France)
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11
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Du P, Jaouen M, Bocheux A, Bourgogne C, Han Z, Bouchiat V, Kreher D, Mathevet F, Fiorini-Debuisschert C, Charra F, Attias AJ. Surface-Confined Self-Assembled Janus Tectons: A Versatile Platform towards the Noncovalent Functionalization of Graphene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Anne A, Bahri MA, Chovin A, Demaille C, Taofifenua C. Probing the conformation and 2D-distribution of pyrene-terminated redox-labeled poly(ethylene glycol) chains end-adsorbed on HOPG using cyclic voltammetry and atomic force electrochemical microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:4642-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54720e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Bléger D, Bocheux A, Kreher D, Mathevet F, Attias AJ, Metgé G, Douillard L, Fiorini-Debuisschert C, Charra F. An optimized alkyl chain-based binding motif for 2D self-assembly: a comprehensive crystallographic approach. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:1452-1455. [PMID: 23306668 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr33509c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Taking into account substrate crystallographic constraints, an overarching molecular binding motif has been designed to allow transferable self-assembling patterns on different substrates. This optimized clip demonstrates robust and equivalent self-assembled architectures on both highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) and reconstructed Au(111) surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bléger
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR 7610, 3 rue Galilé, F-94200 Ivry, France
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15
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Xue Y, Zimmt MB. Patterned monolayer self-assembly programmed by side chain shape: four-component gratings. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:4513-6. [PMID: 22369569 DOI: 10.1021/ja2115019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A molecular recognition strategy based on alkadiyne side chain shape is used to self-assemble a four-component, 1D-patterned monolayer at the solution-HOPG interface. The designed monolayer unit cell contains six molecules and spans 23 nm × 1 nm. The unit cell's internal structure and packing are driven by complementary shapes and lengths of six different alkadiyne side chains. A solution of the four compounds on HOPG self-assembles monolayers (i) comprised, almost entirely, of the intended unit cell, (ii) exhibiting patterned domains spanning 10(4) nm(2), and (iii) which are sufficiently robust that patterned domains survive solvent rinsing and drying. The patterned monolayer affords 1D-feature spacings ranging from 3.3 to 23 nm. The results demonstrate the remarkable selectivity afforded by molecular recognition based on alkadiyne side chain shape and the ability to program highly complex 1D-patterns in self-assembled monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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