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Dos Santos JDN, Pinto E, Martín J, Vicente F, Reyes F, Lage OM. Unveiling the bioactive potential of Actinomycetota from the Tagus River estuary. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00483-0. [PMID: 38236380 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The increase in global travel and the incorrect and excessive use of antibiotics has led to an unprecedented rise in antibiotic resistance in bacterial and fungal populations. To overcome these problems, novel bioactive natural products must be discovered, which may be found in underexplored environments, such as estuarine habitats. In the present work, estuarine actinomycetotal strains were isolated with conventional and iChip techniques from the Tagus estuary in Alcochete, Portugal, and analysed for different antimicrobial bioactivities. Extracts were produced from the isolated cultures and tested for bioactivity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 240305, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Trichophyton rubrum FF5. Furthermore, bioactive extracts were subjected to dereplication by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to putatively identify their chemical components. In total, 105 isolates belonging to 3 genera were obtained. One which was isolated, MTZ3.1 T, represents a described novel taxon for which the name Streptomyces meridianus was proposed. Regarding the bioactivity testing, extracts from 12 strains proved to be active against S. aureus, 2 against E. coli, 4 against A. fumigatus, 3 against C. albicans and 10 against T. rubrum. Dereplication of bioactive extracts showed the presence of 28 known bioactive molecules, 35 hits have one or more possible matches in the DNP and 18 undescribed ones. These results showed that the isolated bacteria might be the source of new bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Diogo Neves Dos Santos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Eugénia Pinto
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jesús Martín
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Fundación MEDINA, Avenida del Conocimiento, 34 Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de La Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisca Vicente
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Fundación MEDINA, Avenida del Conocimiento, 34 Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de La Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Fundación MEDINA, Avenida del Conocimiento, 34 Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de La Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Maria Lage
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
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dos Santos JDN, João SA, Martín J, Vicente F, Reyes F, Lage OM. iChip-Inspired Isolation, Bioactivities and Dereplication of Actinomycetota from Portuguese Beach Sediments. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071471. [PMID: 35889190 PMCID: PMC9319460 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oceans hold a stunning number of unique microorganisms, which remain unstudied by culture-dependent methods due to failures in establishing the right conditions for these organisms to grow. In this work, an isolation effort inspired by the iChip was performed using marine sediments from Memoria beach, Portugal. The isolates obtained were identified by 16S rRNA gene analysis, fingerprinted using BOX-PCR and ERIC-PCR, searched for the putative presence of secondary metabolism genes associated with polyketide synthase I (PKS-I) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), screened for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and had bioactive extracts dereplicated by LC/HRMS. Of the 158 isolated strains, 96 were affiliated with the phylum Actinomycetota, PKS-I and NRPS genes were detected in 53 actinomycetotal strains, and 11 proved to be bioactive (10 against E. coli, 1 against S. aureus and 1 against both pathogens). Further bioactivities were explored using an “one strain many compounds” approach, with six strains showing continued bioactivity and one showing a novel one. Extract dereplication showed the presence of several known bioactive molecules and potential novel ones in the bioactive extracts. These results indicate the use of the bacteria isolated here as sources of new bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Diogo Neves dos Santos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.A.J.); (O.M.L.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-910903938
| | - Susana Afonso João
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.A.J.); (O.M.L.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jesús Martín
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avenida del Conocimiento, 34 Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.M.); (F.V.); (F.R.)
| | - Francisca Vicente
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avenida del Conocimiento, 34 Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.M.); (F.V.); (F.R.)
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avenida del Conocimiento, 34 Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.M.); (F.V.); (F.R.)
| | - Olga Maria Lage
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.A.J.); (O.M.L.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Skrzypczak N, Przybylski P. Modifications, biological origin and antibacterial activity of naphthalenoid ansamycins. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1653-1677. [PMID: 35244668 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00002d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2011 to 2021Structural division of natural naphthalenoid ansamycins, regarding the type of the core and length of the ansa chain, and their biosynthetic pathways in microorganisms are discussed. The great biosynthetic plasticity of natural naphthalenoid ansamycins is reflected in their structural variety due to the alterations within ansa bridge or naphthalenoid core portions. A comparison between the biological potency of natural and semisynthetic naphthalenoid ansamycins was performed and discussed in relation to the molecular targets in cells. The antibacterial potency of naphthalenoid ansamycins seems to be dependent on the ansa chain length and conformational flexibility - the higher flexibility of the ansa chain the better biological outcome is noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Skrzypczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Piotr Przybylski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
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Li K, Chen S, Pang X, Cai J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Zhou X. Natural products from mangrove sediments-derived microbes: Structural diversity, bioactivities, biosynthesis, and total synthesis. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 230:114117. [PMID: 35063731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The mangrove forests are a complex ecosystem, and the microbial communities in mangrove sediments play a critical role in the biogeochemical cycles of mangrove ecosystems. Mangrove sediments-derived microbes (MSM), as a rich reservoir of natural product diversity, could be utilized in the exploration of new antibiotics or drugs. To understand the structural diversity and bioactivities of the metabolites of MSM, this review for the first time provides a comprehensive overview of 519 natural products isolated from MSM with their bioactivities, up to 2021. Most of the structural types of these compounds are alkaloids, lactones, xanthones, quinones, terpenoids, and steroids. Among them, 210 compounds are obtained from bacteria, most of which are from Streptomyces, while 309 compounds are from fungus, especially genus Aspergillus and Penicillium. The pharmacological mechanisms of some representative lead compounds are well studied, revealing that they have important medicinal potentials, such as piericidins with anti-renal cell cancer effects, azalomycins with anti-MRSA activities, and ophiobolins as antineoplastic agents. The biosynthetic pathways of representative natural products from MSM have also been summarized, especially ikarugamycin, piericidins, divergolides, and azalomycins. In addition, the total synthetic strategies of representative secondary metabolites from MSM are also reviewed, such as piericidin A and borrelidin. This review provides an important reference for the research status of natural products isolated from MSM and the lead compounds worthy of further development, and reveals that MSM have important medicinal values and are worthy of further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Siqiang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Jian Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Xinya Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Yiguang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572000, China.
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
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Motoyama T, Yun CS, Osada H. Biosynthesis and biological function of secondary metabolites of the rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:kuab058. [PMID: 34379774 PMCID: PMC8788799 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi have many secondary metabolism genes and produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites with complex and unique structures. However, the role of most secondary metabolites remains unclear. Moreover, most fungal secondary metabolism genes are silent or poorly expressed under laboratory conditions and are difficult to utilize. Pyricularia oryzae, the causal pathogen of rice blast disease, is a well-characterized plant pathogenic fungus. P. oryzae also has a large number of secondary metabolism genes and appears to be a suitable organism for analyzing secondary metabolites. However, in case of this fungus, biosynthetic genes for only four groups of secondary metabolites have been well characterized. Among two of the four groups of secondary metabolites, biosynthetic genes were identified by activating secondary metabolism. These secondary metabolites include melanin, a polyketide compound required for rice infection; tenuazonic acid, a well-known mycotoxin produced by various plant pathogenic fungi and biosynthesized by a unique nonribosomal peptide synthetase-polyketide synthase hybrid enzyme; nectriapyrones, antibacterial polyketide compounds produced mainly by symbiotic fungi, including plant pathogens and endophytes, and pyriculols, phytotoxic polyketide compounds. This review mainly focuses on the biosynthesis and biological functions of the four groups of P. oryzae secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Motoyama
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Choong-Soo Yun
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Characterization of Actinomycetes Strains Isolated from the Intestinal Tract and Feces of the Larvae of the Longhorn Beetle Cerambyx welensii. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122013. [PMID: 33339339 PMCID: PMC7766275 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinomycetes constitute a large group of Gram-positive bacteria present in different habitats. One of these habitats involves the association of these bacteria with insects. In this work, we have studied twenty-four actinomycetes strains isolated from the intestinal tract and feces from larvae of the xylophagous coleopteran Cerambyx welensii and have shown that seventeen strains present hydrolytic activity of some of the following substrates: cellulose, hemicellulose, starch and proteins. Fourteen of the isolates produce antimicrobial molecules against the Gram-positive bacteria Micrococcus luteus. Analysis of seven strains led us to identify the production of a wide number of compounds including streptanoate, alpiniamide A, alteramides A and B, coproporphyrin III, deferoxamine, demethylenenocardamine, dihydropicromycin, nocardamine, picromycin, surugamides A, B, C, D and E, tirandamycins A and B, and valinomycin. A significant number of other compounds, whose molecular formulae are not included in the Dictionary of Natural Products (DNP), were also present in the extracts analyzed, which opens up the possibility of identifying new active antibiotics. Molecular identification of ten of the isolated bacteria determined that six of them belong to the genus Streptomyces, two of them are included in the genus Amycolatopsis and two in the genus Nocardiopsis.
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Secondary Metabolites of the Rice Blast Fungus Pyricularia oryzae: Biosynthesis and Biological Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228698. [PMID: 33218033 PMCID: PMC7698770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungi produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites with unique and complex structures. However, most fungal secondary metabolism genes are poorly expressed under laboratory conditions. Moreover, the relationship between pathogenicity and secondary metabolites remains unclear. To activate silent gene clusters in fungi, successful approaches such as epigenetic control, promoter exchange, and heterologous expression have been reported. Pyricularia oryzae, a well-characterized plant pathogenic fungus, is the causal pathogen of rice blast disease. P. oryzae is also rich in secondary metabolism genes. However, biosynthetic genes for only four groups of secondary metabolites have been well characterized in this fungus. Biosynthetic genes for two of the four groups of secondary metabolites have been identified by activating secondary metabolism. This review focuses on the biosynthesis and roles of the four groups of secondary metabolites produced by P. oryzae. These secondary metabolites include melanin, a polyketide compound required for rice infection; pyriculols, phytotoxic polyketide compounds; nectriapyrones, antibacterial polyketide compounds produced mainly by symbiotic fungi including endophytes and plant pathogens; and tenuazonic acid, a well-known mycotoxin produced by various plant pathogenic fungi and biosynthesized by a unique NRPS-PKS enzyme.
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Lu S, Wang J, Sheng R, Fang Y, Guo R. Novel Bioactive Polyketides Isolated from Marine Actinomycetes: An Update Review from 2013 to 2019. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000562. [PMID: 33206470 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Marine organism-associated actinobacteria represent a valuable resource for marine drugs due to their abundant secondary metabolites. The special environments in the ocean, for instance, high salt, high pressure, low temperature and oligotrophy, not only adapt to survival of actinomycetes but also enhance molecular diversity of actinomycete secondary metabolites production, thus making marine actinomycetes important sources of marine-based bioactive compounds, especially polyketides. Herein, we summarized the structures and pharmacological activities of polyketides from actinobacteria associated with marine organisms from 2013 to 2019; moreover, the main source species of actinomycetes were discussed as well. We expected that this review would be helpful for future in-depth research and development of marine-based bioactive polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silei Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Jiangming Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Ruilong Sheng
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Yiwen Fang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Ruihua Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
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Demachi A, Uchida R, Arima S, Nagamitsu T, Hashimoto J, Komatsu M, Kozone I, Shin-Ya K, Tomoda H, Ikeda H. An Unusual Extender Unit Is Incorporated into the Modular Polyketide Synthase of Scopranones Biosynthesis. Biochemistry 2019; 58:5066-5073. [PMID: 31756295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Scopranones, produced by Streptomyces sp. BYK-11038, are the novel bone morphogenetic protein inhibitors characterized by atypical two scoop-like moieties and a 3-furanone moiety. Two scoop-like moieties connected to a 3-furanone have not previously been reported in natural products, and their biosynthesis must occur via a unique pathway. Feeding experiments using 13C-labeled precursors indicated that scopranones were synthesized from three acetates and three butyrates in polyketide-type biosynthesis. Genome mining of Streptomyces sp. BYK-11038 revealed that the candidate biosynthetic gene cluster contains 21 open reading frames (ORFs), including three modular polyketide synthases (PKSs; SprA, SprB, and SprC), which were composed of 4 modules with one loading module and 18 additional ORFs (SprD to SprU) spanning a distance of 55 kbp. The characterization of in-frame deletion mutants and feeding experiments with the predicted extender units indicated that two genes, sprP and sprR, encoding discrete 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthases, and a gene, sprO, encoding crotonyl-CoA reductase, were involved in assembling an unusual C8 branched extender unit, 2-(2-ethylbutyl)malonyl-CoA. Additionally, three ORFs, sprM, sprN, and sprT, encoding cytochrome P450s and a monooxygenase, are important tailoring enzymes in post-PKS modification. SprT is an essential enzyme for decarboxylative ring contraction via oxidation, which converts the 2-pyranone to a 3-furanone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Demachi
- Medicinal Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan
| | - Ryuji Uchida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University , 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku , Sendai , Miyagi 981-8558 , Japan
| | - Shiho Arima
- Medicinal Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan
| | - Tohru Nagamitsu
- Medicinal Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan
| | - Junko Hashimoto
- Japan Biological Informatics Consortium , 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku , Tokyo 135-8073 , Japan
| | - Mamoru Komatsu
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences , Kitasato University , 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku , Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-0373 , Japan
| | - Ikuko Kozone
- Japan Biological Informatics Consortium , 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku , Tokyo 135-8073 , Japan
| | - Kazuo Shin-Ya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku , Tokyo 135-0064 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomoda
- Medicinal Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan
| | - Haruo Ikeda
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences , Kitasato University , 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku , Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-0373 , Japan
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Bilyk O, Samborskyy M, Leadlay PF. The biosynthetic pathway to ossamycin, a macrocyclic polyketide bearing a spiroacetal moiety. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215958. [PMID: 31039188 PMCID: PMC6490886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ossamycin from Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. ossamyceticus is an antifungal and cytotoxic polyketide and a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial ATPase. Analysis of a near-complete genome sequence of the ossamycin producer has allowed the identification of the 127-kbp ossamycin biosynthetic gene cluster. The presence in the cluster of a specific crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase homologue suggests that the 5-methylhexanoate extension unit used in construction of the macrocyclic core is incorporated intact from the unusual precursor isobutyrylmalonyl-CoA. Surprisingly, the modular polyketide synthase uses only 14 extension modules to accomplish 15 cycles of polyketide chain extension, a rare example of programmed iteration on a modular polyketide synthase. Specific deletion of genes encoding cytochrome P450 enzymes has given insight into the late-stage tailoring of the ossamycin macrocycle required for the attachment of the unusual 2,3,4,6-deoxyaminohexose sugar l-ossamine to C-8 of the ossamycin macrocycle. The ossamycin cluster also encodes a putative spirocyclase enzyme, OssO, which may play a role in establishing the characteristic spiroketal moiety of the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Bilyk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Markiyan Samborskyy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter F. Leadlay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Motoyama T, Nogawa T, Hayashi T, Hirota H, Osada H. Induction of Nectriapyrone Biosynthesis in the Rice Blast Fungus Pyricularia oryzae
by Disturbance of the Two-Component Signal Transduction System. Chembiochem 2019; 20:693-700. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Hirota
- CSRS; RIKEN; 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- CSRS; RIKEN; 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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Cooperative Involvement of Glycosyltransferases in the Transfer of Amino Sugars during the Biosynthesis of the Macrolactam Sipanmycin by Streptomyces sp. Strain CS149. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01462-18. [PMID: 30006405 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01462-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrolactams comprise a family of natural compounds with important bioactivities, such as antibiotic, antifungal, and antiproliferative activities. Sipanmycins A and B are two novel members of this family, with two sugar moieties attached to the aglycon. In the related macrolactam vicenistatin, the sugar moiety has been proven to be essential for cytotoxicity. In this work, the gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of sipanmycins (sip cluster) in Streptomyces sp. strain CS149 is described and the steps involved in the glycosylation of the final compounds unraveled. Also, the cooperation of two different glycosyltransferases in each glycosylation step is demonstrated. Additionally, the essential role of SipO2 as an auxiliary protein in the incorporation of the second deoxy sugar is addressed. In light of the results obtained by the generation of mutant strains and in silico characterization of the sip cluster, a biosynthetic pathway for sipanmycins and the two deoxy sugars attached is proposed. Finally, the importance of the hydroxyl group at C-10 of the macrolactam ring and the sugar moieties for cytotoxicity and antibiotic activity of sipanmycins is shown.IMPORTANCE The rapid emergence of infectious diseases and multiresistant pathogens has increased the necessity for new bioactive compounds; thus, novel strategies have to be developed to find them. Actinomycetes isolated in symbiosis with insects have attracted attention in recent years as producers of metabolites with important bioactivities. Sipanmycins are glycosylated macrolactams produced by Streptomyces sp. CS149, isolated from leaf-cutting ants, and show potent cytotoxic activity. Here, we characterize the sip cluster and propose a biosynthetic pathway for sipanmycins. As far as we know, it is the first time that the cooperation between two different glycosyltransferases is demonstrated to be strictly necessary for the incorporation of the same sugar. Also, a third protein with homology to P450 monooxygenases, SipO2, is shown to be essential in the second glycosylation step, forming a complex with the glycosyltransferase pair SipS9-SipS14.
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Lim YH, Wong FT, Yeo WL, Ching KC, Lim YW, Heng E, Chen S, Tsai DJ, Lauderdale TL, Shia KS, Ho YS, Hoon S, Ang EL, Zhang MM, Zhao H. Auroramycin: A Potent Antibiotic from Streptomyces roseosporus by CRISPR-Cas9 Activation. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1716-1719. [PMID: 29799651 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Silent biosynthetic gene clusters represent a potentially rich source of new bioactive compounds. We report the discovery, characterization, and biosynthesis of a novel doubly glycosylated 24-membered polyene macrolactam from a silent biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces roseosporus by using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene cluster activation strategy. Structural characterization of this polyketide, named auroramycin, revealed a rare isobutyrylmalonyl extender unit and a unique pair of amino sugars. Relative and absolute stereochemistry were determined by using a combination of spectroscopic analyses, chemical derivatization, and computational analysis. The activated gene cluster for auroramycin production was also verified by transcriptional analyses and gene deletions. Finally, auroramycin exhibited potent anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) activity towards clinical drug-resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Hwee Lim
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), A*STAR, 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros #07-01/02/03, Singapore, 138665, Singapore
| | - Fong Tian Wong
- Molecular Engineering Lab (MEL), Biomedical Science Institutes, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #13-02, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Wan Lin Yeo
- Metabolic Engineering Research Laboratory (MERL), Science and Engineering Institutes, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #01-01, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Kuan Chieh Ching
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), A*STAR, 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros #07-01/02/03, Singapore, 138665, Singapore
| | - Yi Wee Lim
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), A*STAR, 8 Biomedical Grove, Neuros #07-01/02/03, Singapore, 138665, Singapore
| | - Elena Heng
- Molecular Engineering Lab (MEL), Biomedical Science Institutes, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #13-02, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Shuwen Chen
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), A*STAR, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - De-Juin Tsai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology (DJT & TLL), and, Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research (KSS), National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsai-Ling Lauderdale
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology (DJT & TLL), and, Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research (KSS), National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kak-Shan Shia
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology (DJT & TLL), and, Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research (KSS), National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying Swan Ho
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), A*STAR, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Shawn Hoon
- Molecular Engineering Lab (MEL), Biomedical Science Institutes, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #13-02, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Ee Lui Ang
- Metabolic Engineering Research Laboratory (MERL), Science and Engineering Institutes, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #01-01, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Mingzi M Zhang
- Metabolic Engineering Research Laboratory (MERL), Science and Engineering Institutes, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #01-01, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Metabolic Engineering Research Laboratory (MERL), Science and Engineering Institutes, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #01-01, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
- 215 Roger Adams Laboratory, Box C3, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Zhao T, Chang Y, Zhu T, Li J, Gu Q, Li D, Che Q, Zhang G. α-Pyrone derivatives with cyto-protective activity from two Takla Makan desert soil derived actinomycete Nocardiopsis strains recovered in seawater based medium. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:2498-2506. [PMID: 29607732 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1455046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we described the discovery of two Nocardiopsis strains HDN154-146 and HDN154-168 from Takla Makan desert soil samples using seawater based medium. Chemical investigation of these two strains led to the discovery of eight new α-pyrone derivatives named nocahypyrones A-H (1-8), together with one known analogue germicidin G (9). The structures of these compounds, including absolute configurations, were elucidated by extensive NMR, MS, and CD analyses. Compounds 1-9 were tested for their cyto-protective activities and for the first time we found α-pyrones 5 and 8 exhibited capabilities to induce expression of phase II detoxifying enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Chang
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Zhu
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China .,b Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao , P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- c College of Marine Life Science , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqun Gu
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Dehai Li
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China .,b Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao , P. R. China
| | - Qian Che
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China .,b Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao , P. R. China
| | - Guojian Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , People's Republic of China .,b Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao , P. R. China
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Abstract
Exploration of structurally novel natural products greatly facilitates the discovery of biologically active pharmacophores that are biologically validated starting points for the development of new drugs. Endophytes that colonize the internal tissues of plant species, have been proven to produce a large number of structurally diverse secondary metabolites. These molecules exhibit remarkable biological activities, including antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties, to name but a few. This review surveys the structurally diverse natural products with new carbon skeletons, unusual ring systems, or rare structural moieties that have been isolated from endophytes between 1996 and 2016. It covers their structures and bioactivities. Biosynthesis and/or total syntheses of some important compounds are also highlighted. Some novel secondary metabolites with marked biological activities might deserve more attention from chemists and biologists in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China.
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17
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Du Y, Sun J, Gong Q, Wang Y, Fu P, Zhu W. New α-Pyridones with Quorum-Sensing Inhibitory Activity from Diversity-Enhanced Extracts of a Streptomyces sp. Derived from Marine Algae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1807-1812. [PMID: 29400957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Four new α-pyrones (1-4) and eight known analogues (5-12) were identified from the secondary metabolites of Streptomyces sp. OUCMDZ-3436 derived from the marine green algae Enteromorpha prolifera. Seven new α-pyridones (14-20) were constructed by diversity-oriented synthesis, which has been an effective approach to expanding the chemical space of natural-product-like compounds. Compounds 16, 17, 19, and 20 were found to have inhibitory effect on the gene expression controlled by quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa QSIS-lasI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qianhong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Peng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266003, China
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18
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Rab E, Kekos D, Roussis V, Ioannou E. α-Pyrone Polyketides from Streptomyces ambofaciens BI0048, an Endophytic Actinobacterial Strain Isolated from the Red Alga Laurencia glandulifera. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15120389. [PMID: 29240664 PMCID: PMC5742849 DOI: 10.3390/md15120389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new (1–4) and six previously reported (5–10) α-pyrone polyketides, along with benzoic acid, hydrocinnamic acid, and (E)-cinnamic acid, were isolated from the organic extract resulting from the cultivation of the algicolous strain Streptomyces ambofaciens BI0048, which in turn was isolated from the inner tissues of the red alga Laurencia glandulifera. The structure elucidation of the isolated natural products was based on extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data (NMR, MS, UV, IR). Compounds 1–10 were evaluated for their antibacterial and cytotoxic activities against two multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and one strain of Escherichia coli, as well as two human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Rab
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, Athens 15780, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Kekos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, Athens 15780, Greece.
| | - Vassilios Roussis
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Efstathia Ioannou
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
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19
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Li G, Lou HX. Strategies to diversify natural products for drug discovery. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:1255-1294. [PMID: 29064108 DOI: 10.1002/med.21474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural product libraries contain specialized metabolites derived from plants, animals, and microorganisms that play a pivotal role in drug discovery due to their immense structural diversity and wide variety of biological activities. The strategies to greatly extend natural product scaffolds through available biological and chemical approaches offer unique opportunities to access a new series of natural product analogues, enabling the construction of diverse natural product-like libraries. The affordability of these structurally diverse molecules has been a crucial step in accelerating drug discovery. This review provides an overview of various approaches to exploit the diversity of compounds for natural product-based drug development, drawing upon a series of examples to illustrate each strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Medicine and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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20
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Ma M, Rateb ME, Yang D, Rudolf JD, Zhu X, Huang Y, Zhao LX, Jiang Y, Duan Y, Shen B. Germicidins H–J from Streptomyces sp. CB00361. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2016; 70:200-203. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Zhang H, Saurav K, Yu Z, Mándi A, Kurtán T, Li J, Tian X, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Zhang C. α-Pyrones with Diverse Hydroxy Substitutions from Three Marine-Derived Nocardiopsis Strains. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1610-1618. [PMID: 27300427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Eight new α-pyrones 1-8 and three known α-pyrones 9-11 were isolated from three marine-derived Nocardiopsis strains SCSIO 10419, SCSIO 04583, and SCSIO KS107. The structures of compounds 1-8 were elucidated by comprehensive spectral analyses. The absolute configurations of 4-deoxyphomapyrone C (1), 4-deoxy-11-hydroxyphomapyrone C (3), 4-deoxy-7R-hydroxyphomapyrone C (5), and phomapyrone C (11) were determined by TDDFT-ECD calculations for the solution conformers, which revealed that the conformation of the side chain was decisive for the sign of the characteristic high-wavelength ECD transition. (-)-4-Deoxy-8-hydroxyphomapyrone C (4) was isolated from SCSIO 10419 and was deduced as a diastereomeric mixture containing (8S)- and (8R)-4-deoxy-8-hydroxyphomapyrone C in a ratio of 2.6:1 (8R:8S), by chiral-phase HPLC analysis and Mosher's ester analysis. Interestingly, 7-hydroxymucidone (9) was isolated from both SCSIO 04583 and SCSIO KS107, as an enantiomeric mixture containing (7S)-hydroxymucidone (major in 9 from SCSIO 04583) and (7R)-hydroxymucidone (major in 9 from SCSIO KS107). α-Pyrones 3-5 were identified as three isomers of phomapyrone C (11) with diverse hydroxy substitutions. α-Pyrones 10-hydroxymucidone (6), 4-hydroxymucidone (8), and 9, differed in the position of the hydroxy group. Several α-pyrones exhibited moderate growth inhibitory activity against Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Kumar Saurav
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Ziquan Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , 36 Lushan Road, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xinpeng Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Qingbo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
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22
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Lu C, Zhang X, Jiang M, Bai L. Enhanced salinomycin production by adjusting the supply of polyketide extender units in Streptomyces albus. Metab Eng 2016; 35:129-137. [PMID: 26969249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The anticoccidial salinomycin is a polyketide produced by Streptomyces albus and requires malonyl-CoAs, methylmalonyl-CoAs, and ethylmalonyl-CoAs for the backbone assembly. Genome sequencing of S. albus DSM 41398 revealed a high percentage of genes involved in lipid metabolism, supporting the high salinomycin yield in oil-rich media. Seven PKS/PKS-NRPS gene clusters in the genome were found to be actively transcribed and had been individually deleted, which resulted in significantly improved salinomycin production. However, a combined deletion of PKS-NRPS-2 and PKS-6 showed no further improvement. Whereas the concentrations of malonyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA were increased, the concentration of ethylmalonyl-CoA remained low in the mutants. An endogenous crotonyl-CoA reductase gene (ccr) was overexpressed in the ΔPKS-NRPS-2/ΔPKS-6 mutant, resulting in improved production. Combination of cluster deletions and over-expression of ccr gene led to an overall titer improvement of salinomycin from 0.60 to 6.60g/L. This engineering strategy can be implemented for various natural polyketides production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linquan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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23
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Discovery of cahuitamycins as biofilm inhibitors derived from a convergent biosynthetic pathway. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10710. [PMID: 26880271 PMCID: PMC4757757 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms often have the ability to attach to a surface, building a complex matrix where they colonize to form a biofilm. This cellular superstructure can display increased resistance to antibiotics and cause serious, persistent health problems in humans. Here we describe a high-throughput in vitro screen to identify inhibitors of Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms using a library of natural product extracts derived from marine microbes. Analysis of extracts derived from Streptomyces gandocaensis results in the discovery of three peptidic metabolites (cahuitamycins A-C), with cahuitamycin C being the most effective inhibitor (IC50=14.5 μM). Biosynthesis of cahuitamycin C proceeds via a convergent biosynthetic pathway, with one of the steps apparently being catalysed by an unlinked gene encoding a 6-methylsalicylate synthase. Efforts to assess starter unit diversification through selective mutasynthesis lead to production of unnatural analogues cahuitamycins D and E of increased potency (IC50=8.4 and 10.5 μM).
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24
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Ding L, Goerls H, Dornblut K, Lin W, Maier A, Fiebig HH, Hertweck C. Bacaryolanes A-C, Rare Bacterial Caryolanes from a Mangrove Endophyte. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2963-2967. [PMID: 26611524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Caryolanes are known as typical plant-derived sesquiterpenes. Here we describe the isolation and full structure elucidation of three caryolanes, bacaryolane A-C (1-3), that are produced by a bacterial endophyte (Streptomyces sp. JMRC:ST027706) of the mangrove plant Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. By 2D NMR, analysis of the first X-ray crystallographic data of a caryolane (bacaryolane C), CD spectroscopy, and comparison with data for plant-derived caryolanes, we rigorously established the absolute configuration of the bacaryolanes and related compounds from bacteria. Bacterial caryolanes appear as the mirror images of typical plant caryolanes. Apparently plant and bacteria harbor stereodivergent biosynthetic pathways, which may be used as metabolic signatures. The discovery of plant-like volatile terpenes in endophytes not only is an important addition to the bacterial terpenome but may also point to complex molecular interactions in the plant-microbe association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI) , Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Goerls
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University , Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Katharina Dornblut
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI) , Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Armin Maier
- Oncotest GmbH , Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI) , Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University , 07737 Jena, Germany
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Peter DM, Schada von Borzyskowski L, Kiefer P, Christen P, Vorholt JA, Erb TJ. Screening and Engineering the Synthetic Potential of Carboxylating Reductases from Central Metabolism and Polyketide Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13457-61. [PMID: 26383129 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylating enoyl-thioester reductases (ECRs) are a recently discovered class of enzymes. They catalyze the highly efficient addition of CO2 to the double bond of α,β-unsaturated CoA-thioesters and serve two biological functions. In primary metabolism of many bacteria they produce ethylmalonyl-CoA during assimilation of the central metabolite acetyl-CoA. In secondary metabolism they provide distinct α-carboxyl-acyl-thioesters to vary the backbone of numerous polyketide natural products. Different ECRs were systematically assessed with a diverse library of potential substrates. We identified three active site residues that distinguish ECRs restricted to C4 and C5-enoyl-CoAs from highly promiscuous ECRs and successfully engineered a selected ECR as proof-of-principle. This study defines the molecular basis of ECR reactivity, allowing for predicting and manipulating a key reaction in natural product diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik M Peter
- Biochemistry and Synthetic Biology of Microbial Metabolism Group, Max-Planck-Institute for terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 10, 35043 Marburg (Germany).,Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8050 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Lennart Schada von Borzyskowski
- Biochemistry and Synthetic Biology of Microbial Metabolism Group, Max-Planck-Institute for terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 10, 35043 Marburg (Germany).,Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8050 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Patrick Kiefer
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8050 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Philipp Christen
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8050 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Julia A Vorholt
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8050 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Tobias J Erb
- Biochemistry and Synthetic Biology of Microbial Metabolism Group, Max-Planck-Institute for terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 10, 35043 Marburg (Germany). .,Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössisch Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8050 Zürich (Switzerland).
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26
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Peter DM, Schada von Borzyskowski L, Kiefer P, Christen P, Vorholt JA, Erb TJ. Klassifizierung und Manipulation des synthetischen Potenzials carboxylierender Reduktasen aus dem Zentralmetabolismus und der Polyketid‐Biosynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik M. Peter
- Biochemie & Synthetische Biologie des Mikrobiellen Metabolismus, Max‐Planck‐Institut für Terrestrische Mikrobiologie, Karl‐von‐Frisch‐Straße 10, 35043 Marburg (Deutschland)
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 4, 8050 Zürich (Schweiz)
| | - Lennart Schada von Borzyskowski
- Biochemie & Synthetische Biologie des Mikrobiellen Metabolismus, Max‐Planck‐Institut für Terrestrische Mikrobiologie, Karl‐von‐Frisch‐Straße 10, 35043 Marburg (Deutschland)
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 4, 8050 Zürich (Schweiz)
| | - Patrick Kiefer
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 4, 8050 Zürich (Schweiz)
| | - Philipp Christen
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 4, 8050 Zürich (Schweiz)
| | - Julia A. Vorholt
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 4, 8050 Zürich (Schweiz)
| | - Tobias J. Erb
- Biochemie & Synthetische Biologie des Mikrobiellen Metabolismus, Max‐Planck‐Institut für Terrestrische Mikrobiologie, Karl‐von‐Frisch‐Straße 10, 35043 Marburg (Deutschland)
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 4, 8050 Zürich (Schweiz)
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27
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Miyazawa T, Takahashi S, Kawata A, Panthee S, Hayashi T, Shimizu T, Nogawa T, Osada H. Identification of Middle Chain Fatty Acyl-CoA Ligase Responsible for the Biosynthesis of 2-Alkylmalonyl-CoAs for Polyketide Extender Unit. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:26994-27011. [PMID: 26378232 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.677195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biosynthetic mechanism of the atypical polyketide extender unit is important for the development of bioactive natural products. Reveromycin (RM) derivatives produced by Streptomyces sp. SN-593 possess several aliphatic extender units. Here, we studied the molecular basis of 2-alkylmalonyl-CoA formation by analyzing the revR and revS genes, which form a transcriptional unit with the revT gene, a crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase homolog. We mainly focused on the uncharacterized adenylate-forming enzyme (RevS). revS gene disruption resulted in the reduction of all RM derivatives, whereas reintroduction of the gene restored the yield of RMs. Although RevS was classified in the fatty acyl-AMP ligase clade based on phylogenetic analysis, biochemical characterization revealed that the enzyme catalyzed the middle chain fatty acyl-CoA ligase (FACL) but not the fatty acyl-AMP ligase activity, suggesting the molecular evolution for acyl-CoA biosynthesis. Moreover, we examined the in vitro conversion of fatty acid into 2-alkylmalonyl-CoA using purified RevS and RevT. The coupling reaction showed efficient conversion of hexenoic acid into butylmalonyl-CoA. RevS efficiently catalyzed C8-C10 middle chain FACL activity; therefore, we speculated that the acyl-CoA precursor was truncated via β-oxidation and converted into (E)-2-enoyl-CoA, a RevT substrate. To determine whether the β-oxidation process is involved between the RevS and RevT reaction, we performed the feeding experiment using [1,2,3,4-(13)C]octanoic acid. (13)C NMR analysis clearly demonstrated incorporation of the [3,4-(13)C]octanoic acid moiety into the structure of RM-A. Our results provide insight into the role of uncharacterized RevS homologs that may catalyze middle chain FACL to produce a unique polyketide extender unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Miyazawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Saitama 351-0198 and; the Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shunji Takahashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Saitama 351-0198 and
| | - Akihiro Kawata
- the Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Suresh Panthee
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Saitama 351-0198 and
| | - Teruo Hayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Saitama 351-0198 and
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Saitama 351-0198 and
| | - Toshihiko Nogawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Saitama 351-0198 and
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Chemical Biology Research Group, Saitama 351-0198 and; the Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
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28
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Jiang H, Wang YY, Guo YY, Shen JJ, Zhang XS, Luo HD, Ren NN, Jiang XH, Li YQ. An acyltransferase domain of FK506 polyketide synthase recognizing both an acyl carrier protein and coenzyme A as acyl donors to transfer allylmalonyl and ethylmalonyl units. FEBS J 2015; 282:2527-39. [PMID: 25865045 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Acyltransferase (AT) domains of polyketide synthases (PKSs) usually use coenzyme A (CoA) as an acyl donor to transfer common acyl units to acyl carrier protein (ACP) domains, initiating incorporation of acyl units into polyketides. Two clinical immunosuppressive agents, FK506 and FK520, are biosynthesized by the same PKSs in several Streptomyces strains. In this study, characterization of AT4FkbB (the AT domain of the fourth module of FK506 PKS) in transacylation reactions showed that AT4FkbB recognizes both an ACP domain (ACPT csA) and CoA as acyl donors for transfer of a unique allylmalonyl (AM) unit to an acyl acceptor ACP domain (ACP4FkbB), resulting in FK506 production. In addition, AT4FkbB uses CoA as an acyl donor to transfer an unusual ethylmalonyl (EM) unit to ACP4FkbB, resulting in FK520 production, and transfers AM units to non-native ACP acceptors. Characterization of AT4FkbB in self-acylation reactions suggests that AT4FkbB controls acyl unit specificity in transacylation reactions but not in self-acylation reactions. Generally, AT domains of PKSs only recognize one acyl donor; however, we report here that AT4FkbB recognizes two acyl donors for the transfer of different acyl units. DATABASE Nucleotide sequence data have been submitted to the GenBank database under accession numbers KJ000382 and KJ000383.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolism Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue-Yue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan-Yang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie-Jie Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Dou Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ni-Ni Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Hang Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong-Quan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Biochemistry and Metabolism Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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29
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Chang C, Huang R, Yan Y, Ma H, Dai Z, Zhang B, Deng Z, Liu W, Qu X. Uncovering the formation and selection of benzylmalonyl-CoA from the biosynthesis of splenocin and enterocin reveals a versatile way to introduce amino acids into polyketide carbon scaffolds. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4183-90. [PMID: 25763681 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Selective modification of carbon scaffolds via biosynthetic engineering is important for polyketide structural diversification. Yet, this scope is currently restricted to simple aliphatic groups due to (1) limited variety of CoA-linked extender units, which lack aromatic structures and chemical reactivity, and (2) narrow acyltransferase (AT) specificity, which is limited to aliphatic CoA-linked extender units. In this report, we uncovered and characterized the first aromatic CoA-linked extender unit benzylmalonyl-CoA from the biosynthetic pathways of splenocin and enterocin in Streptomyces sp. CNQ431. Its synthesis employs a deamination/reductive carboxylation strategy to convert phenylalanine into benzylmalonyl-CoA, providing a link between amino acid and CoA-linked extender unit synthesis. By characterization of its selection, we further validated that AT domains of splenocin, and antimycin polyketide synthases are able to select this extender unit to introduce the phenyl group into their dilactone scaffolds. The biosynthetic machinery involved in the formation of this extender unit is highly versatile and can be potentially tailored for tyrosine, histidine and aspartic acid. The disclosed aromatic extender unit, amino acid-oriented synthetic pathway, and aromatic-selective AT domains provides a systematic breakthrough toward current knowledge of polyketide extender unit formation and selection, and also opens a route for further engineering of polyketide carbon scaffolds using amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Chang
- †Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Rong Huang
- †Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yan Yan
- ‡State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- †Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zheng Dai
- †Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Benying Zhang
- †Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- †Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wen Liu
- ‡State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xudong Qu
- †Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
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30
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Hertweck C. Decoding and reprogramming complex polyketide assembly lines: prospects for synthetic biology. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:189-99. [PMID: 25757401 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial modular type I polyketide synthases (PKSs) represent giant megasynthases that produce a vast number of complex polyketides, many of which are pharmaceutically relevant. This review highlights recent advances in elucidating the mechanism of bacterial type I PKSs and associated enzymes, and outlines the ramifications of this knowledge for synthetic biology approaches to expand structural diversity. New insights into biosynthetic codes and structures of thiotemplate systems pave the way to rational bioengineering strategies. Through advances in genome mining, DNA recombination technologies, and biochemical analyses, the toolbox of non-canonical polyketide-modifying enzymes has been greatly enlarged. In addition to various chain-branching and chain-fusing enzymes, an increasing set of scaffold modifying biocatalysts is now available for synthetically hard-to-emulate reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany; Chair of Natural Product Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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31
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Ding L, Franke J, Hertweck C. Divergolide congeners illuminate alternative reaction channels for ansamycin diversification. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1618-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02244k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Isolation and structure elucidation of six new divergolides reveal unusual ansamycin diversification reactions including formation of the unusual isobutenyl side chain from a branched polyketide synthase extender unit, azepinone ring closure, macrolide ring contraction and formation of a seco variant by a neighboring group-assisted decarboxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology
- HKI
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Jakob Franke
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology
- HKI
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology
- HKI
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
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32
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Bravo-Rodriguez K, Ismail-Ali AF, Klopries S, Kushnir S, Ismail S, Fansa EK, Wittinghofer A, Schulz F, Sanchez-Garcia E. Predicted incorporation of non-native substrates by a polyketide synthase yields bioactive natural product derivatives. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1991-7. [PMID: 25044264 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The polyether ionophore monensin is biosynthesized by a polyketide synthase that delivers a mixture of monensins A and B by the incorporation of ethyl- or methyl-malonyl-CoA at its fifth module. Here we present the first computational model of the fifth acyltransferase domain (AT5mon ) of this polyketide synthase, thus affording an investigation of the basis of the relaxed specificity in AT5mon , insights into the activation for the nucleophilic attack on the substrate, and prediction of the incorporation of synthetic malonic acid building blocks by this enzyme. Our predictions are supported by experimental studies, including the isolation of a predicted derivative of the monensin precursor premonensin. The incorporation of non-native building blocks was found to alter the ratio of premonensins A and B. The bioactivity of the natural product derivatives was investigated and revealed binding to prenyl-binding protein. We thus show the potential of engineered biosynthetic polyketides as a source of ligands for biological macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Bravo-Rodriguez
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Germany)
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33
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Li SR, Zhao GS, Sun MW, He HG, Wang HX, Li YY, Lu CH, Shen YM. Identification and characterization of the biosynthetic gene cluster of divergolides from Streptomyces sp. W112. Gene 2014; 544:93-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Xu Z, Baunach M, Ding L, Peng H, Franke J, Hertweck C. Biosynthetic code for divergolide assembly in a bacterial mangrove endophyte. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1274-9. [PMID: 24867126 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Divergolides are structurally diverse ansamycins produced by a bacterial endophyte (Streptomyces sp.) of the mangrove tree Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. By genomic analyses a gene locus coding for the divergolide pathway was detected. The div gene cluster encodes genes for the biosynthesis of 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoate and the rare extender units ethylmalonyl-CoA and isobutylmalonyl-CoA, polyketide assembly by a modular type I polyketide synthase (PKS), and enzymes involved in tailoring reactions, such as a Baeyer-Villiger oxygenase. A detailed PKS domain analysis confirmed the stereochemical integrity of the divergolides and provided valuable new insights into the formation of the diverse aromatic chromophores. The bioinformatic analyses and the isolation and full structural elucidation of four new divergolide congeners led to a revised biosynthetic model that illustrates the formation of four different types of ansamycin chromophores from a single polyketide precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Xu
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena (Germany)
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35
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Du Y, Wang Y, Huang T, Tao M, Deng Z, Lin S. Identification and characterization of the biosynthetic gene cluster of polyoxypeptin A, a potent apoptosis inducer. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:30. [PMID: 24506891 PMCID: PMC3943440 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyoxypeptin A was isolated from a culture broth of Streptomyces sp. MK498-98 F14, which has a potent apoptosis-inducing activity towards human pancreatic carcinoma AsPC-1 cells. Structurally, polyoxypeptin A is composed of a C₁₅ acyl side chain and a nineteen-membered cyclodepsipeptide core that consists of six unusual nonproteinogenic amino acid residues (N-hydroxyvaline, 3-hydroxy-3-methylproline, 5-hydroxypiperazic acid, N-hydroxyalanine, piperazic acid, and 3-hydroxyleucine) at high oxidation states. RESULTS A gene cluster containing 37 open reading frames (ORFs) has been sequenced and analyzed for the biosynthesis of polyoxypeptin A. We constructed 12 specific gene inactivation mutants, most of which abolished the production of polyoxypeptin A and only ΔplyM mutant accumulated a dehydroxylated analogue polyoxypeptin B. Based on bioinformatics analysis and genetic data, we proposed the biosynthetic pathway of polyoxypeptin A and biosynthetic models of six unusual amino acid building blocks and a PKS extender unit. CONCLUSIONS The identified gene cluster and proposed pathway for the biosynthesis of polyoxypeptin A will pave a way to understand the biosynthetic mechanism of the azinothricin family natural products and provide opportunities to apply combinatorial biosynthesis strategy to create more useful compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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36
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Mantovani SM, Moore BS. Flavin-linked oxidase catalyzes pyrrolizine formation of dichloropyrrole-containing polyketide extender unit in chlorizidine A. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:18032-5. [PMID: 24246014 DOI: 10.1021/ja409520v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The marine alkaloid chlorizidine A contains chlorinated pyrroloisoindolone and pyrrolizine rings that are rare chemical features in bacterial natural products. Herein, we report the biosynthetic logic of their construction in Streptomyces sp. CNH-287 based on the identification of the chlorizidine A biosynthetic gene cluster. Using whole pathway heterologous expression and genetic manipulations, we show that chlorizidine A is assembled by a polyketide synthase that uniquely incorporates a fatty acid synthase-derived dichloropyrrolyl extender unit into the pyrroloisoindolone enzymatic product. We further provide the first biochemical characterization of a flavoenzyme associated with the oxidative formation of chlorizidine A's distinctive pyrrolizine ring. This work illuminates new enzymatic assembly line processes leading to rare nitrogen-containing rings in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone M Mantovani
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California , San Diego, California 92093, United States
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37
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Structures and absolute configuration of three α-pyrones from an endophytic fungus Aspergillus niger. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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38
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Lechner A, Wilson MC, Ban YH, Hwang JY, Yoon YJ, Moore BS. Designed biosynthesis of 36-methyl-FK506 by polyketide precursor pathway engineering. ACS Synth Biol 2013; 2:379-83. [PMID: 23654255 DOI: 10.1021/sb3001062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The polyketide synthase (PKS) biosynthetic code has recently expanded to include a newly recognized group of extender unit substrates derived from α,β-unsaturated acyl-CoA molecules that deliver diverse side chain chemistry to polyketide backbones. Herein we report the identification of a three-gene operon responsible for the biosynthesis of the PKS building block isobutyrylmalonyl-CoA associated with the macrolide ansalactam A from the marine bacterium Streptomyces sp. CNH189. Using a synthetic biology approach, we engineered the production of unnatural 36-methyl-FK506 in Streptomyces sp. KCTC 11604BP by incorporating the branched extender unit into FK506 biosynthesis in place of its natural C-21 allyl side chain, which has been shown to be critical for FK506's potent immunosuppressant and neurite outgrowth activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yeon Hee Ban
- Department of Chemistry and Nano
Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul
120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-yeon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Nano
Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul
120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Joon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano
Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul
120-750, Republic of Korea
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39
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Schada von Borzyskowski L, Rosenthal RG, Erb TJ. Evolutionary history and biotechnological future of carboxylases. J Biotechnol 2013; 168:243-51. [PMID: 23702164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a potent greenhouse gas whose presence in the atmosphere is a critical factor for global warming. At the same time atmospheric CO2 is also a cheap and readily available carbon source that can in principle be used to synthesize value-added products. However, as uncatalyzed chemical CO2-fixation reactions usually require quite harsh conditions to functionalize the CO2 molecule, not many processes have been developed that make use of CO2. In contrast to synthetical chemistry, Nature provides a multitude of different carboxylating enzymes whose carboxylating principle(s) might be exploited in biotechnology. This review focuses on the biochemical features of carboxylases, highlights possible evolutionary scenarios for the emergence of their reactivity, and discusses current, as well as potential future applications of carboxylases in organic synthesis, biotechnology and synthetic biology.
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Identification of csypyrone B2 and B3 as the minor products of Aspergillus oryzae type III polyketide synthase CsyB. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:650-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Raju R, Piggott AM, Quezada M, Capon RJ. Nocardiopsins C and D and nocardiopyrone A: new polyketides from an Australian marine-derived Nocardiopsis sp. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ding L, Maier A, Fiebig HH, Lin WH, Peschel G, Hertweck C. Kandenols A-E, eudesmenes from an endophytic Streptomyces sp. of the mangrove tree Kandelia candel. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:2223-2227. [PMID: 23234344 DOI: 10.1021/np300387n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Five novel eudesmene-type sesquiterpenes, kandenols A-E (1-5), have been isolated from Streptomyces sp. HKI0595 derived from the mangrove plant Kandelia candel. Their structures were established through NMR and mass spectrometry, and absolute configurations were established by the Mosher method and comparison of CD spectra with α-rotunol and β-rotunol. The kandenols are reminiscent of various plant-derived eudesmenes, yet kandenols B and C are unusual because of their hydroperoxide moieties. Kandenol E is the first bacterial agarofuran, which belongs to an important group of antibiotics. Whereas the kandenols display no cytotoxicity against 12 human cell lines, weak to moderate antimicrobial activities were detected against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Mycobacterium vaccae IMET 10670.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Ding L, Peschel G, Hertweck C. Biosynthesis of archetypal plant self-defensive oxylipins by an endophytic fungus residing in mangrove embryos. Chembiochem 2012; 13:2661-4. [PMID: 23165938 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A tree's travel companion: a fungal endophyte (Fusarium incarnatum) isolated from a viviparous propagule (embryo) of a mangrove tree produces typical plant defense oxylipins. Stable-isotope labeling experiments revealed that the endophyte biosynthesizes coriolic acid, didehydrocoriolic acid, and an epoxy fatty acid derived from linoleic acid by a process involving Δ(15)-desaturation and 13-lipoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Dept. Biomolecular Chemistry, HKI, Jena, Germany
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Wang P, Gao X, Tang Y. Complexity generation during natural product biosynthesis using redox enzymes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2012; 16:362-9. [PMID: 22564679 PMCID: PMC3415589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Redox enzymes such as FAD-dependent and cytochrome P450 oxygenases play indispensible roles in generating structural complexity during natural product biosynthesis. In the pre-assembly steps, redox enzymes can convert garden variety primary metabolites into unique starter and extender building blocks. In the post-assembly tailoring steps, redox cascades can transform nascent scaffolds into structurally complex final products. In this review, we will discuss several recently characterized redox enzymes in the biosynthesis of polyketides and nonribosomal peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles
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Ding L, Dahse HM, Hertweck C. Cytotoxic alkaloids from Fusarium incarnatum associated with the mangrove tree Aegiceras corniculatum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:617-621. [PMID: 22439674 DOI: 10.1021/np2008544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Several unusual alkaloids, N-2-methylpropyl-2-methylbutenamide (1), 2-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline (2), fusarine (3), fusamine (4), and 3-(1-aminoethylidene)-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione (5), were isolated from the culture broth of Fusarium incarnatum (HKI0504), an endophytic fungus of the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum. Compounds 2, 4, and 5 exhibit weak antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against HUVEC, K-562, and HeLa human cell lines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Condurso HL, Bruner SD. Structure guided approaches toward exploiting and manipulating nonribosomal peptide and polyketide biosynthetic pathways. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2012; 16:162-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kastner S, Müller S, Natesan L, König GM, Guthke R, Nett M. 4-Hydroxyphenylglycine biosynthesis in Herpetosiphon aurantiacus: a case of gene duplication and catalytic divergence. Arch Microbiol 2012; 194:557-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-012-0789-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Dickschat JS, Bruns H, Riclea R. Novel fatty acid methyl esters from the actinomycete Micromonospora aurantiaca. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:1697-712. [PMID: 22238549 PMCID: PMC3252875 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The volatiles released by Micromonospora aurantiaca were collected by means of a closed-loop stripping apparatus (CLSA) and analysed by GC–MS. The headspace extracts contained more than 90 compounds from different classes. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) comprised the major compound class including saturated unbranched, monomethyl and dimethyl branched FAMEs in diverse structural variants: Unbranched, α-branched, γ-branched, (ω−1)-branched, (ω−2)-branched, α- and (ω−1)-branched, γ- and (ω−1)-branched, γ- and (ω−2)-branched, and γ- and (ω−3)-branched FAMEs. FAMEs of the last three types have not been described from natural sources before. The structures for all FAMEs have been suggested based on their mass spectra and on a retention index increment system and verified by the synthesis of key reference compounds. In addition, the structures of two FAMEs, methyl 4,8-dimethyldodecanoate and the ethyl-branched compound methyl 8-ethyl-4-methyldodecanoate were deduced from their mass spectra. Feeding experiments with isotopically labelled [2H10]leucine, [2H10]isoleucine, [2H8]valine, [2H5]sodium propionate, and [methyl-2H3]methionine demonstrated that the responsible fatty acid synthase (FAS) can use different branched and unbranched starter units and is able to incorporate methylmalonyl-CoA elongation units for internal methyl branches in various chain positions, while the methyl ester function is derived from S-adenosyl methionine (SAM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen S Dickschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Quade N, Huo L, Rachid S, Heinz DW, Müller R. Unusual carbon fixation gives rise to diverse polyketide extender units. Nat Chem Biol 2011; 8:117-24. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wilson MC, Moore BS. Beyond ethylmalonyl-CoA: the functional role of crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase homologs in expanding polyketide diversity. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 29:72-86. [PMID: 22124767 DOI: 10.1039/c1np00082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the emerging biosynthetic role of crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase (CCR) homologs in extending the structural and functional diversity of polyketide natural products. CCRs catalyze the reductive carboxylation of α,β-unsaturated acyl-CoA substrates to produce a variety of substituted malonyl-CoA derivatives employed as polyketide synthase extender units. Here we discuss the history of CCRs in both primary and secondary metabolism, the mechanism by which they function, examples of new polyketide diversity from pathway specific CCRs, and the role of CCRs in facilitating the bioengineering novel polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheal C Wilson
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, USA
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