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Zhao Z, Rudman NA, Dmochowski IJ. A Site-Specific Cross-Linker for Visible-Light Control of Proteins. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:29331-29338. [PMID: 39005769 PMCID: PMC11238208 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
There is a need for photochemical tools that allow precise control of protein structure and function with visible light. We focus here on the s-tetrazine moiety, which can be installed at a specific protein site via the reaction between dichlorotetrazine and two adjacent sulfhydryl groups. Tetrazine's compact size enables structural mimicry of native amino acid linkages, such as an intramolecular salt bridge or disulfide bond. In this study, we investigated tetrazine installation in three different proteins, where it was confirmed that the cross-linking reaction is highly efficient in aqueous conditions and site-specific when two cysteines are located proximally: the S-S distance was 4-10 Å. As shown in maltose binding protein, the tetrazine cross-linker can replace an interdomain salt bridge crucial for xenon binding and serve as a visible-light photoswitch to modulate 129Xe NMR contrast. This work highlights the ease of aqueous tetrazine bioconjugation and its applications for protein photoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangyu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nathan A Rudman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ivan J Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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2
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Huang WC, Ali F, Zhao J, Rhee K, Mou C, Bettinger CJ. Ultrasound-Mediated Self-Healing Hydrogels Based on Tunable Metal-Organic Bonding. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1162-1171. [PMID: 28245355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stimulus-responsive hydrogels make up an important class of programmable materials for a wide range of biomedical applications. Ultrasound (US) is a stimulus that offers utility because of its ability to permeate tissue and rapidly induce chemical alterations in aqueous media. Here we report on the synthesis and US-mediated disintegration of stimulus-responsive telechelic Dopa-modified polyethylene glycol-based hydrogels. Fe3+-[PEG-Dopa]4 hydrogels are formed through Fe3+-induced cross-linking of four-arm polyethylene glycol-dopamine precursors to produce networks. The relative amounts of H-bonds, coordination bonds, and covalent bonds can be controlled by the [Fe3+]:[Dopa] molar ratio in precursor solutions. Networks formed from precursors with high [Fe3+]:[Dopa] ratios create mechanically robust networks (G' = 6880 ± 240 Pa) that are largely impervious to US-mediated disintegration at intensities of ≤43 W/cm2. Conversely, lightly cross-linked networks formed through [Fe3+]:[Dopa] molar ratios of <0.73 are susceptible to rapid disintegration upon exposure to US. Pulsatile US exposure allows temporal control over hydrogel disintegration and programmable self-healing. Sustained US energy can also stabilize hydrogels through the formation of additional cross-links via free radical-mediated coupling of pendant catechols. Taken together, the diverse ranges of mechanical behavior, self-healing capability, and differential susceptibility to ultrasonic disintegration suggest that Fe3+-[PEG-Dopa]4 hydrogels yield a class of application-specific stimulus-responsive polymers as smart materials for applications ranging from transient medical implants to matrices for smart drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University , 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei City, 30010 Taiwan
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3
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Tang S, Wan Z, Gao Y, Zheng JS, Wang J, Si YY, Chen X, Qi H, Liu L, Liu W. Total chemical synthesis of photoactivatable proteins for light-controlled manipulation of antigen-antibody interactions. Chem Sci 2016; 7:1891-1895. [PMID: 29899912 PMCID: PMC5965250 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03404c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the chemical synthesis of the first photo-activatable protein antigen that can be used to study antigen-antibody interaction mediated responses in B cells. This strategy facilitated fine tuning of the caged protein antigen to optimize its bioactivity and photochemical properties. One optimal molecule, HEL-K96NPE, was totally inert to hen egg lysozyme (HEL)-specific B cells and could only restore its antigenicity upon photoactivation. Combined with real time live cell imaging, the utility of HEL-K96NPE was demonstrated as a proof of concept to quantify B cell synapse formation and calcium influx responses at the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Tang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences , Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Zhengpeng Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , School of Life Sciences , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , China .
| | - Yiren Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , School of Life Sciences , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , China .
| | - Ji-Shen Zheng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , 230031 , China
| | - Jing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , School of Life Sciences , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , China .
| | - Yan-Yan Si
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences , Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Xin Chen
- Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology , School of Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , China
| | - Hai Qi
- Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology , School of Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , China
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences , Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Wanli Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science , Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , School of Life Sciences , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , China .
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4
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van Bergeijk P, Hoogenraad CC, Kapitein LC. Right Time, Right Place: Probing the Functions of Organelle Positioning. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 26:121-134. [PMID: 26541125 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The proper spatial arrangement of organelles underlies many cellular processes including signaling, polarization, and growth. Despite the importance of local positioning, the precise connection between subcellular localization and organelle function is often not fully understood. To address this, recent studies have developed and employed different strategies to directly manipulate organelle distributions, such as the use of (light-sensitive) heterodimerization to control the interaction between selected organelles and specific motor proteins, adaptor molecules, or anchoring factors. We review here the importance of subcellular localization as well as tools to control local organelle positioning. Because these approaches allow spatiotemporal control of organelle distribution, they will be invaluable tools to unravel local functioning and the mechanisms that control positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra van Bergeijk
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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5
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Chemical biology strategies for posttranslational control of protein function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:1238-52. [PMID: 25237866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A common strategy to understand a biological system is to selectively perturb it and observe its response. Although technologies now exist to manipulate cellular systems at the genetic and transcript level, the direct manipulation of functions at the protein level can offer significant advantages in precision, speed, and reversibility. Combining the specificity of genetic manipulation and the spatiotemporal resolution of light- and small molecule-based approaches now allows exquisite control over biological systems to subtly perturb a system of interest in vitro and in vivo. Conditional perturbation mechanisms may be broadly characterized by change in intracellular localization, intramolecular activation, or degradation of a protein-of-interest. Here we review recent advances in technologies for conditional regulation of protein function and suggest further areas of potential development.
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6
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Abstract
The subdivision of the embryo into physically distinct regions is one of the most fundamental processes in development. General hypotheses for tissue separation based on differential adhesion or tension have been proposed in the past, but with little experimental support. During the last decade, the field has experienced a strong revival, largely driven by renewed interest in biophysical modeling of development. Here, I will discuss the various models of boundary formation and summarize recent studies that have shifted our understanding of the process from the simple juxtaposition of global tissue properties to the characterization of local cellular reactions. Current evidence favors a model whereby separation is controlled by cell surface cues, which, upon cell-cell contact, generate acute changes in cytoskeletal and adhesive properties to inhibit cell mixing, and whereby the integration of multiple local cues may dictate both the global morphogenetic properties of a tissue and its separation from adjacent cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Fagotto
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada
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7
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Hughes RM, Lawrence DS. Optogenetic engineering: light-directed cell motility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:10904-7. [PMID: 25156888 PMCID: PMC4196877 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Genetically encoded, light-activatable proteins provide the means to probe biochemical pathways at specific subcellular locations with exquisite temporal control. However, engineering these systems in order to provide a dramatic jump in localized activity, while retaining a low dark-state background remains a significant challenge. When placed within the framework of a genetically encodable, light-activatable heterodimerizer system, the actin-remodelling protein cofilin induces dramatic changes in the F-actin network and consequent cell motility upon illumination. We demonstrate that the use of a partially impaired mutant of cofilin is critical for maintaining low background activity in the dark. We also show that light-directed recruitment of the reduced activity cofilin mutants to the cytoskeleton is sufficient to induce F-actin remodeling, formation of filopodia, and directed cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA)
| | - David S. Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA)
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8
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Zheng JS, Chen X, Tang S, Chang HN, Wang FL, Zuo C. A New Method for Synthesis of Peptide Thioesters via Irreversible N-to-S Acyl Transfer. Org Lett 2014; 16:4908-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5024213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Shen Zheng
- High
Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Tsinghua-Peking
Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shan Tang
- Tsinghua-Peking
Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao-Nan Chang
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Feng-Liang Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Zuo
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Nakamura M, Chen L, Howes SC, Schindler TD, Nogales E, Bryant Z. Remote control of myosin and kinesin motors using light-activated gearshifting. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 9:693-7. [PMID: 25086603 PMCID: PMC4349207 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal motors perform critical force generation and transport functions in eukaryotic cells. Engineered modifications of motor function provide direct tests of protein structure-function relationships and potential tools for controlling cellular processes or for harnessing molecular transport in artificial systems. Here, we report the design and characterization of a panel of cytoskeletal motors that reversibly change gears--speed up, slow down or switch directions--when exposed to blue light. Our genetically encoded structural designs incorporate a photoactive protein domain to enable light-dependent conformational changes in an engineered lever arm. Using in vitro motility assays, we demonstrate robust spatiotemporal control over motor function and characterize the kinetics of the optical gearshifting mechanism. We have used a modular approach to create optical gearshifting motors for both actin-based and microtubule-based transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneaki Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Stuart C. Howes
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Tony D. Schindler
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Eva Nogales
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Zev Bryant
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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10
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Hughes RM, Lawrence DS. Optogenetic Engineering: Light-Directed Cell Motility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Ebisuno K, Denda M, Ogura K, Inokuma T, Shigenaga A, Otaka A. Development of caged non-hydrolyzable phosphoamino acids and application to photo-control of binding affinity of phosphopeptide mimetic to phosphopeptide-recognizing protein. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2984-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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12
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Cram EJ. Mechanotransduction in C. elegans morphogenesis and tissue function. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 126:281-316. [PMID: 25081623 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394624-9.00012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mechanobiology is an emerging field that investigates how living cells sense and respond to their physical surroundings. Recent interest in the field has been sparked by the finding that stem cells differentiate along different lineages based on the stiffness of the cell surroundings (Engler et al., 2006), and that metastatic behavior of cancer cells is strongly influenced by the mechanical properties of the surrounding tissue (Kumar and Weaver, 2009). Many questions remain about how cells convert mechanical information, such as viscosity, stiffness of the substrate, or stretch state of the cells, into the biochemical signals that control tissue function. Caenorhabditis elegans researchers are making significant contributions to the understanding of mechanotransduction in vivo. This review summarizes recent insights into the role of mechanical forces in morphogenesis and tissue function. Examples of mechanical regulation across length scales, from the single-celled zygote, to the intercellular coordination that enables cohesive tissue function, to the mechanical influences between tissues, are considered. The power of the C. elegans system as a gene discovery and in vivo quantitative bioimaging platform is enabling an important discoveries in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Cram
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Abstract
In the past decade, novel materials, probes and tools have enabled fundamental and applied cancer researchers to take a fresh look at the complex problem of tumour invasion and metastasis. These new tools, which include imaging modalities, controlled but complex in vitro culture conditions, and the ability to model and predict complex processes in vivo, represent an integration of traditional with novel engineering approaches; and their potential effect on quantitatively understanding tumour progression and invasion looks promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad H Zaman
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street, Boston MA 02215, USA.
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14
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Nasrolahi Shirazi A, Tiwari RK, Oh D, Banerjee A, Yadav A, Parang K. Efficient delivery of cell impermeable phosphopeptides by a cyclic peptide amphiphile containing tryptophan and arginine. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2008-20. [PMID: 23537165 DOI: 10.1021/mp400046u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphopeptides are valuable reagent probes for studying protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions. The cellular delivery of phosphopeptides is challenging because of the presence of the negatively charged phosphate group. The cellular uptake of a number of fluorescent-labeled phosphopeptides, including F'-GpYLPQTV, F'-NEpYTARQ, F'-AEEEIYGEFEAKKKK, F'-PEpYLGLD, F'-pYVNVQN-NH2, and F'-GpYEEI (F' = fluorescein), was evaluated in the presence or absence of a [WR]4, a cyclic peptide containing alternative arginine (R) and tryptophan (W) residues, in human leukemia cells (CCRF-CEM) after 2 h incubation using flow cytometry. [WR]4 improved significantly the cellular uptake of all phosphopeptides. PEpYLGLD is a sequence that mimics the pTyr1246 of ErbB2 that is responsible for binding to the Chk SH2 domain. The cellular uptake of F'-PEpYLGLD was enhanced dramatically by 27-fold in the presence of [WR]4 and was found to be time-dependent. Confocal microscopy of a mixture of F'-PEpYLGLD and [WR]4 in live cells exhibited intracellular localization and significantly higher cellular uptake compared to that of F'-PEpYLGLD alone. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and isothermal calorimetry (ITC) were used to study the interaction of PEpYLGLD and [WR]4. TEM results showed that the mixture of PEpYLGLD and [WR]4 formed noncircular nanosized structures with width and height of 125 and 60 nm, respectively. ITC binding studies confirmed the interaction between [WR]4 and PEpYLGLD. The binding isotherm curves, derived from sequential binding models, showed an exothermic interaction driven by entropy. These studies suggest that amphiphilic peptide [WR]4 can be used as a cellular delivery tool of cell-impermeable negatively charged phosphopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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15
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Sainlos M, Iskenderian-Epps WS, Olivier NB, Choquet D, Imperiali B. Caged Mono- and Divalent Ligands for Light-Assisted Disruption of PDZ Domain-Mediated Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:4580-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja309870q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Sainlos
- Departments of Chemistry and
Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- University of Bordeaux, IINS, CNRS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297,
F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Wendy S. Iskenderian-Epps
- Departments of Chemistry and
Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nelson B. Olivier
- Departments of Chemistry and
Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel Choquet
- University of Bordeaux, IINS, CNRS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297,
F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Barbara Imperiali
- Departments of Chemistry and
Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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16
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Brieke C, Rohrbach F, Gottschalk A, Mayer G, Heckel A. Light-controlled tools. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8446-76. [PMID: 22829531 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 734] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal control over chemical and biological processes plays a key role in life, where the whole is often much more than the sum of its parts. Quite trivially, the molecules of a cell do not form a living system if they are only arranged in a random fashion. If we want to understand these relationships and especially the problems arising from malfunction, tools are necessary that allow us to design sophisticated experiments that address these questions. Highly valuable in this respect are external triggers that enable us to precisely determine where, when, and to what extent a process is started or stopped. Light is an ideal external trigger: It is highly selective and if applied correctly also harmless. It can be generated and manipulated with well-established techniques, and many ways exist to apply light to living systems--from cells to higher organisms. This Review will focus on developments over the last six years and includes discussions on the underlying technologies as well as their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Brieke
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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17
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Brieke C, Rohrbach F, Gottschalk A, Mayer G, Heckel A. Lichtgesteuerte Werkzeuge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Brieke
- Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt, Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Buchmann‐Institut für Molekulare Lebenswissenschaften, Max‐von‐Laue‐Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main (Deutschland)
| | - Falk Rohrbach
- Universität Bonn, LIMES‐Institut, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Alexander Gottschalk
- Buchmann‐Institut für Molekulare Lebenswissenschaften, Institut für Biochemie, Max‐von‐Laue‐Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt/Main (Deutschland)
| | - Günter Mayer
- Universität Bonn, LIMES‐Institut, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt, Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Buchmann‐Institut für Molekulare Lebenswissenschaften, Max‐von‐Laue‐Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main (Deutschland)
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18
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Dcona MM, Mitra D, Goehe RW, Gewirtz DA, Lebman DA, Hartman MCT. Photocaged permeability: a new strategy for controlled drug release. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4755-7. [PMID: 22473358 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30819c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Light is used to release a drug from a cell impermeable small molecule, uncloaking its cytotoxic effect on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Michael Dcona
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), 1001 West Main Street, P. O. Box 842006, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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19
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Murase S, Ishino S, Ishino Y, Tanaka T. Control of enzyme reaction by a designed metal-ion-dependent α-helical coiled-coil protein. J Biol Inorg Chem 2012; 17:791-9. [PMID: 22466407 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-012-0896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of protein function by external stimuli is a fascinating target for de novo design. We have constructed a peptide that assembles into a homotrimer in the presence of metal ions, such as Ni(2+), Cu(2+), and Zn(2+). We fused the peptide construct to the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the heat shock factor from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which binds tandem repeats of the heat shock element (HSE). However, the fusion protein bound to the natural three tandem HSEs even in the absence of metal ions, although mainly as the dimerized protein. Using "skipped" HSEs containing six additional nucleotides inserted between two adjacent HSEs, to prevent interactions between the DBDs, we found the fusion protein bound to the new DNA target in a metal-ion-dependent manner, as monitored by a HindIII protection assay. The fusion protein containing two metal binding sites in the metal-ion-controlled domain inhibited RNA transcription by T7 RNA polymerase in the presence of metal ions, in a template containing skipped HSEs downstream of the T7 promoter. The designed protein therefore regulates the functions of the enzyme in a metal-ion-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Murase
- Department of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-chou, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
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20
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Abstract
Cell migration is required for many physiological processes, including wound repair and embryogenesis, and relies on precisely orchestrated events that are regulated in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. Most traditional approaches for studying migration, such as genetic methods or the use of chemical inhibitors, do not offer insight into these important components of protein function. However, chemical tools, which respond on a more rapid time scale and in localized regions of the cell, are capable of providing more detailed, real-time information. This Review describes these recent approaches to investigate cell migration and focuses on proteins that are activated by light or small molecules, as well as fluorescent sensors of protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda N. Goguen
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Barbara Imperiali
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Li X, Kapoor TM. An optical switch for a motor protein. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2265-6. [PMID: 23106075 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Light-triggered motor: Incorporation of a photocleavable group onto a phosphoserine residue of the regulator of a motor protein allows light-induced activation with spatial and temporal precision inside a living cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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