1
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Lee TC, Tong Y, Fu WC. Advances in Continuous Flow Fluorination Reactions. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300723. [PMID: 37707985 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluorination reactions are important in constructing organofluorine motifs, which contribute to favorable biological properties in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. However, fluorination reagents and reactions are associated with various problems, such as their hazardous nature, high exothermicity, and poor selectivity and scalability. Continuous flow has emerged as a transformative technology to provide many advantages relative to batch syntheses. This review article summarizes recent continuous flow techniques that address the limitations and challenges of fluorination reactions. Approaches based on different flow techniques are discussed, including gas-liquid reactions, packed-bed reactors, in-line purifications, streamlined multistep synthesis, large-scale reactions well as flow photoredox- and electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Chun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Tong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Chung Fu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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2
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Wang X, Zhang X, Xue L, Wang Q, You F, Dai L, Wu J, Kramer S, Lian Z. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Aryl Fluorides by Using Ball Milling and a Piezoelectric Material as the Redox Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307054. [PMID: 37523257 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Aryl fluorides are important structural motifs in many pharmaceuticals. Although the Balz-Schiemann reaction provides an entry to aryl fluorides from aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, it suffers from drawbacks such as long reaction time, high temperature, toxic solvent, toxic gas release, and low functional group tolerance. Here, we describe a general method for the synthesis of aryl fluorides from aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates using a piezoelectric material as redox catalyst under ball milling conditions in the presence of Selectfluor. This approach effectively addresses the aforementioned limitations. Furthermore, the piezoelectric material can be recycled multiple times. Mechanistic investigations indicate that this fluorination reaction may proceed via a radical pathway, and Selectfluor plays a dual role as both a source of fluorine and a terminal reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Fengzhi You
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jiagang Wu
- Department of Materials Science, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Søren Kramer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Zhong Lian
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
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3
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Ni S, Yan J, Tewari S, Reijerse EJ, Ritter T, Cornella J. Nickel Meets Aryl Thianthrenium Salts: Ni(I)-Catalyzed Halogenation of Arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9988-9993. [PMID: 37126771 PMCID: PMC10176483 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a regioselective, late-stage two-step arene halogenation method is reported. We propose how unusual Ni(I)/(III) catalysis is enabled by a combination of aryl thianthrenium and Ni redox properties that is hitherto unachieved with other (pseudo)halides. The catalyst is accessed in situ from inexpensive NiCl2·6(H2O) and zinc without the need of supporting ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Ni
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Jiyao Yan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Srija Tewari
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Edward J Reijerse
- Max Planck Institut for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
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4
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Zong X, Liu S, Zhang Z, Ji L, Zhang T, Jia Z, Loh TP. Fluoride Anion Catalyzed Mukaiyama-Aldol Reaction: Rapid Access to α-Fluoro-β-hydroxy Esters. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6918-6926. [PMID: 35443775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Mukaiyama-aldol reaction is probably one of the most efficient strategies to prepare synthetically useful β-hydroxy carbonyl compounds. However, only several reported methods were concerned with the accesses to α-fluoro-β-hydroxy esters. Herein, we report a protocol for a fluoride anion-mediated Mukaiyama aldol reaction with low catalytic loading in a short reaction time to incorporate fluorine at the α position into β-hydroxy esters. The method shows good functional-group tolerance and scale-up potential, moreover, is applicable to the late-stage modification of natural products and small molecular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Zong
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Shuanglei Liu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhenguo Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Liang Ji
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
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6
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Shahbazali E, Billaud EMF, Fard AS, Meuldijk J, Bormans G, Noel T, Hessel V. Photo isomerization of cis-cyclooctene to trans-cyclooctene: Integration of a micro-flow reactor and separation by specific adsorption. AIChE J 2021; 67:e17067. [PMID: 33380744 PMCID: PMC7757390 DOI: 10.1002/aic.17067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-phase adsorption has hardly been established in micro-flow, although this constitutes an industrially vital method for product separation. A micro-flow UV-photo isomerization process converts cis-cyclooctene partly into trans-cyclooctene, leaving an isomeric mixture. Trans-cyclooctene adsorption and thus separation was achieved in a fixed-bed micro-flow reactor, packed with AgNO3/SiO2 powder, while the cis-isomer stays in the flow. The closed-loop recycling-flow has been presented as systemic approach to enrich the trans-cyclooctene from its cis-isomer. In-flow adsorption in recycling-mode has hardly been reported so that a full theoretical study has been conducted. This insight is used to evaluate three process design options to reach an optimum yield of trans-cyclooctene. These differ firstly in the variation of the individual residence times in the reactor and separator, the additional process option of refreshing the adsorption column under use, and the periodicity of the recycle flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Shahbazali
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process TechnologyEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Emilie M. F. Billaud
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Arash Sarhangi Fard
- Materials Technology InstituteEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Meuldijk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process TechnologyEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Timothy Noel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process TechnologyEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process TechnologyEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
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7
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Dorel R, Boehm P, Schwinger DP, Hartwig JF. Copper-Mediated Fluorination of Aryl Trisiloxanes with Nucleophilic Fluoride. Chemistry 2020; 26:1759-1762. [PMID: 31872488 PMCID: PMC7266656 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A method for the nucleophilic fluorination of heptamethyl aryl trisiloxanes to form fluoroarenes is reported. The reaction proceeds in the presence of Cu(OTf)2 and KHF2 as the fluoride source under mild conditions for a broad range of heptamethyltrisiloxyarenes with high functional group tolerance. The combination of this method with the silylation of aryl C-H bonds enables the regioselective fluorination of non-activated arenes controlled by steric effects following a two-step protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Philip Boehm
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Daniel P Schwinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
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8
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Majeed MH, Shayesteh P, Tunå P, Persson AR, Gritcenko R, Wallenberg LR, Ye L, Hulteberg C, Schnadt J, Wendt OF. Directed C-H Halogenation Reactions Catalysed by Pd II Supported on Polymers under Batch and Continuous Flow Conditions. Chemistry 2019; 25:13591-13597. [PMID: 31418957 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A new generation of N-heterocyclic carbene palladium(II) complexes containing vinyl groups in different positions in the backbone of the N-heterocycle have been developed. The fully characterised monomers were copolymerised with divinylbenzene to fabricate robust polymer supported NHC-PdII complexes and these polymers were applied as heterogeneous catalysts in directed C-H halogenation of arenes with a pyridine-type directing group. The catalysts demonstrated medium-high catalytic activity with up to 90 % conversion and 100 % selectivity in chlorination. They are heterogeneous and recyclable (at least six times) with no significant leaching of palladium in batch mode catalysis. The best catalyst was also applied under continuous flow conditions where it disclosed an exceptional activity (90 % conversion) and 100 % selectivity for the mono-halogenated product for at least six days, with no leaching of palladium, no loss of activity and an ability to maintain the original oxidation state of PdII .
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitham H Majeed
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Payam Shayesteh
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Tunå
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Axel R Persson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,National Centre for High Resolution Electron Microscopy (nCHREM), Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roman Gritcenko
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - L Reine Wallenberg
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,National Centre for High Resolution Electron Microscopy (nCHREM), Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lei Ye
- Centre for Applied Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Hulteberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joachim Schnadt
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola F Wendt
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
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9
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Snead DR, Lévesque F, Morris WJ, Naber JR. An improved Balz-Schiemann reaction enabled by ionic liquids and continuous processing. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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10
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Ikawa T, Masuda S, Akai S. Microflow Fluorinations of Benzynes: Efficient Synthesis of Fluoroaromatic Compounds. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:1153-1164. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Shigeaki Masuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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11
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Schimler SD, Froese RDJ, Bland DC, Sanford MS. Reactions of Arylsulfonate Electrophiles with NMe4F: Mechanistic Insight, Reactivity, and Scope. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11178-11190. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sydonie D. Schimler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Robert D. J. Froese
- Core Research and Development, The Dow Chemical Company, 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Douglas C. Bland
- Core Research and Development, The Dow Chemical Company, 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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12
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Xing B, Ni C, Hu J. Hypervalent Iodine(III)-Catalyzed Balz-Schiemann Fluorination under Mild Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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13
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Xing B, Ni C, Hu J. Hypervalent Iodine(III)-Catalyzed Balz-Schiemann Fluorination under Mild Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9896-9900. [PMID: 29932480 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented hypervalent iodine(III) catalyzed Balz-Schiemann reaction is described. In the presence of a hypervalent iodine compound, the fluorination reaction proceeds under mild conditions (25-60 °C), and features a wide substrate scope and good functional-group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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14
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Johansen MB, Lindhardt AT. Nucleophilic fluorination facilitated by a CsF–CaF2 packed bed reactor in continuous flow. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:825-828. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09035h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple to prepare, dry and handle packed bed reactor carrying CsF on CaF2, towards nucleophilic fluorinations in continuous flow, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. B. Johansen
- Department of Engineering
- Center for Carbon Dioxide Activation (CADIAC)
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- DK-8200 Aarhus N
| | - A. T. Lindhardt
- Department of Engineering
- Center for Carbon Dioxide Activation (CADIAC)
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- DK-8200 Aarhus N
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15
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Mixdorf JC, Sorlin AM, Zhang Q, Nguyen HM. Asymmetric Synthesis of Allylic Fluorides via Fluorination of Racemic Allylic Trichloroacetimidates Catalyzed by a Chiral Diene-Iridium Complex. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Mixdorf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United Sates
| | - Alexandre M. Sorlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United Sates
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United Sates
| | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United Sates
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16
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Furuta A, Okada K, Fukuyama T. Efficient Anionic Ring Opening Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide under Microfluidic Conditions. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Furuta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531
| | | | - Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531
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17
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Furuta A, Fukuyama T, Ryu I. Efficient Flow Fischer Esterification of Carboxylic Acids with Alcohols Using Sulfonic Acid-Functionalized Silica as Supported Catalyst. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Furuta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531
| | - Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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18
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Malapit CA, Luvaga IK, Reeves JT, Volchkov I, Busacca CA, Howell AR, Senanayake CH. 1,4-Dicarbofunctionalization of 4-Fluoroaryl Grignard and Lithium Reagents with Disubstituted Malononitriles. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4993-4997. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Malapit
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim PharmaceuticalsInc., 900 Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Irungu K. Luvaga
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim PharmaceuticalsInc., 900 Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Jonathan T. Reeves
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim PharmaceuticalsInc., 900 Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Ivan Volchkov
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim PharmaceuticalsInc., 900 Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Carl A. Busacca
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim PharmaceuticalsInc., 900 Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Amy R. Howell
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim PharmaceuticalsInc., 900 Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Chris H. Senanayake
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim PharmaceuticalsInc., 900 Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
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19
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Furuta A, Hirobe Y, Fukuyama T, Ryu I, Manabe Y, Fukase K. Flow Dehydration and Hydrogenation of Allylic Alcohols: Application to the Waste-Free Synthesis of Pristane. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Furuta
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka; Osaka Prefecture University; 599-8531 Sakai, Osaka Japan
| | - Yuki Hirobe
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka; Osaka Prefecture University; 599-8531 Sakai, Osaka Japan
| | - Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka; Osaka Prefecture University; 599-8531 Sakai, Osaka Japan
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka; Osaka Prefecture University; 599-8531 Sakai, Osaka Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; 560-0043 Toyonaka, Osaka Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; 560-0043 Toyonaka, Osaka Japan
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20
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Jensen RK, Thykier N, Enevoldsen MV, Lindhardt AT. A High Mobility Reactor Unit for R&D Continuous Flow Transfer Hydrogenations. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus K. Jensen
- Department of Engineering,
Section of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej
2, 8200 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Thykier
- Department of Engineering,
Section of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej
2, 8200 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martin V. Enevoldsen
- Department of Engineering,
Section of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej
2, 8200 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders T. Lindhardt
- Department of Engineering,
Section of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej
2, 8200 Aarhus C, Denmark
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21
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Abstract
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Aromatic fluorides are prevalent in both agrochemical and pharmaceutical
agents. However, methods for their rapid and general preparation from
widely available starting materials are limited. Traditional approaches
such as the Balz–Schiemann and Halex reactions require harsh
conditions that limit functional group tolerance and substrate scope.
The use of transition metals to affect C–F bond formation has
provided some useful alternatives, but a broadly applicable method
remains elusive. In contrast to the widespread use of Pd0/PdII catalysis for aryl–Z bond formation (Z =
C, N, O), the analogous C–F cross-coupling process was unknown
until fairly recently. In large part, this is due to the challenging
Ar–F reductive elimination from Pd(II) intermediates. We have
discovered that certain biaryl monophosphine ligands are uniquely
capable of promoting this transformation. In this Account, we describe
the discovery and development of a Pd-catalyzed C–F cross-coupling
process and the systematic developments that made this once hypothetical
reaction possible. Key to these developments was the discovery
of an unusual in situ
ligand modification process in which a molecule of substrate is incorporated
into the ligand scaffold and the identity of the modifying group is
crucial to the outcome of the reaction. This prompted the synthesis
of a variety of “premodified” ligands and the identification
of one that led to an expanded substrate scope, including (hetero)aryl
triflates and bromides. Contemporaneously, a new Pd(0) precatalyst
was also discovered that avoids the need to reduce Pd(II) in situ,
a process that was often inefficient and led to the formation of byproducts. The use of inexpensive but hygroscopic sources of fluoride necessitates
a reaction setup inside of a N2-filled glovebox, limiting
the practicality of the method. Thus, a preformed wax capsule was
designed to isolate the catalyst and reagents from the atmosphere
and permit benchtop storage and setup. This new technology thus removes
the requirement to employ a glovebox for the aromatic fluorination
process and other air-sensitive protocols. In every catalyst
system that we have studied to date, we observed
the formation of regioisomeric fluoride side products. Through deuterium
labeling studies it was found that they likely arise from a deprotonation
event resulting in the formation of HF and a Pd–benzyne intermediate.
Through an investigation of the mechanism of this undesired pathway,
a new ligand was designed that substantially reduces the formation
of the aryl fluoride regioisomer and even allows room-temperature
Ar–F reductive elimination from a Pd(II) intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C. Sather
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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23
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Zeng X, Liu S, Shi Z, Liu G, Xu B. Synthesis of α-Fluoroketones by Insertion of HF into a Gold Carbene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; 2999 North Renmin Lu Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Shiwen Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; 2999 North Renmin Lu Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; 2999 North Renmin Lu Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Guangchang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; 2999 North Renmin Lu Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; 2999 North Renmin Lu Shanghai 201620 China
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24
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Zeng X, Liu S, Shi Z, Liu G, Xu B. Synthesis of α-Fluoroketones by Insertion of HF into a Gold Carbene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10032-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; 2999 North Renmin Lu Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Shiwen Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; 2999 North Renmin Lu Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; 2999 North Renmin Lu Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Guangchang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; 2999 North Renmin Lu Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; 2999 North Renmin Lu Shanghai 201620 China
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25
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Petrone DA, Ye J, Lautens M. Modern Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Carbon–Halogen Bond Formation. Chem Rev 2016; 116:8003-104. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Petrone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Davenport Research Laboratories, 80 St. George St. Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Juntao Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Davenport Research Laboratories, 80 St. George St. Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark Lautens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Davenport Research Laboratories, 80 St. George St. Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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26
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Wan L, Zhu W, Qiao K, Sun X, Fang Z, Guo K. C3 Alkylation of Indoles Catalyzed by Carbocations under Continuous-Flow Conditions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu South Road Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Wentong Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu South Road Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Kai Qiao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu South Road Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu South Road Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu South Road Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 30 Puzhu South Road Nanjing P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 5 Xinmofan Road Nanjing P. R. China
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27
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Erdmann N, Su Y, Bosmans B, Hessel V, Noël T. Palladium-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of o-Xylene in Flow: A Safe and Scalable Protocol for Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Erdmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yuanhai Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Bosmans
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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28
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Takubo K, Furutsu K, Ide T, Nemoto H, Ueda Y, Tsujikawa K, Ikawa T, Yoshimitsu T, Akai S. Diversity Oriented Synthesis of Allocolchicinoids with Fluoro and/or Oxygen Substituent(s) on the C-Ring from a Single Common Intermediate. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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29
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Ganiek MA, Becker MR, Ketels M, Knochel P. Continuous Flow Magnesiation or Zincation of Acrylonitriles, Acrylates, and Nitroolefins. Application to the Synthesis of Butenolides. Org Lett 2016; 18:828-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian A. Ganiek
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias R. Becker
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marthe Ketels
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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30
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Preshlock S, Tredwell M, Gouverneur V. (18)F-Labeling of Arenes and Heteroarenes for Applications in Positron Emission Tomography. Chem Rev 2016; 116:719-66. [PMID: 26751274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diverse radiochemistry is an essential component of nuclear medicine; this includes imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET). As such, PET can track diseases at an early stage of development, help patient care planning through personalized medicine and support drug discovery programs. Fluorine-18 is the most frequently used radioisotope in PET radiopharmaceuticals for both clinical and preclinical research. Its physical and nuclear characteristics (97% β(+) decay, 109.8 min half-life, 635 keV positron energy) and high specific activity make it an attractive nuclide for labeling and molecular imaging. Arenes and heteroarenes are privileged candidates for (18)F-incorporation as they are metabolically robust and therefore widely used by medicinal chemists and radiochemists alike. For many years, the range of (hetero)arenes amenable to (18)F-fluorination was limited by the lack of chemically diverse precursors, and of radiochemical methods allowing (18)F-incorporation in high selectivity and efficiency (radiochemical yield and purity, specific activity, and radio-scalability). The appearance of late-stage fluorination reactions catalyzed by transition metal or small organic molecules (organocatalysis) has encouraged much research on the use of these activation manifolds for (18)F-fluorination. In this piece, we review all of the reactions known to date to install the (18)F substituent and other key (18)F-motifs (e.g., CF3, CHF2, OCF3, SCF3, OCHF2) of medicinal relevance onto (hetero)arenes. The field has changed significantly in the past five years, and the current trend suggests that the radiochemical space available for PET applications will expand rapidly in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Preshlock
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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31
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Pang X, Xiang L, Ma J, Yang X, Yan R. Halogenations of substituted 2-alkylquinoline with iodine and halide exchange with AgF2. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Halogenations of substituted 2-alkylquinoline with iodine and halide exchange with AgF2 have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Likui Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Jianxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Rulong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
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32
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Fuchibe K, Morikawa T, Ueda R, Okauchi T, Ichikawa J. Pinpoint-fluorinated phenanthrene synthesis based on CF bond activation of difluoroalkenes. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Schröder F, Erdmann N, Noël T, Luque R, Van der Eycken EV. Leaching-Free Supported Gold Nanoparticles Catalyzing Cycloisomerizations under Microflow Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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34
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Sather AC, Lee HG, De La Rosa VY, Yang Y, Müller P, Buchwald SL. A Fluorinated Ligand Enables Room-Temperature and Regioselective Pd-Catalyzed Fluorination of Aryl Triflates and Bromides. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13433-8. [PMID: 26413908 PMCID: PMC4721526 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A new
biaryl monophosphine ligand (AlPhos, L1) allows
for the room-temperature Pd-catalyzed fluorination of a variety of
activated (hetero)aryl triflates. Furthermore, aryl triflates and
bromides that are prone to give mixtures of regioisomeric aryl fluorides
with Pd-catalysis can now be converted to the desired aryl fluorides
with high regioselectivity. Analysis of the solid-state structures
of several Pd(II) complexes, as well as density functional theory
(DFT) calculations, shed light on the origin of the enhanced reactivity
observed with L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Sather
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hong Geun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Valentina Y De La Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peter Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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35
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Miller LZ, Hrudka JJ, Naro YR, Haaf M, Shatruk M, McQuade DT. Rapid-flow synthesis of Zn—Qn complexes: Teaching old ligands new tricks with reactive Na2(HZnEt2)2. J Flow Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-14-00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Milner PJ, Yang Y, Buchwald SL. In-Depth Assessment of the Palladium-Catalyzed Fluorination of Five-Membered Heteroaryl Bromides. Organometallics 2015; 34:4775-4780. [PMID: 27056379 PMCID: PMC4820280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A thorough
investigation of the challenging Pd-catalyzed fluorination
of five-membered heteroaryl bromides is presented. Crystallographic
studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that
the challenging step of this transformation is C–F reductive
elimination of five-membered heteroaryl fluorides from Pd(II) complexes.
On the basis of these studies, we have found that various heteroaryl
bromides bearing phenyl groups in the ortho position can be effectively
fluorinated under catalytic conditions. Highly activated 2-bromoazoles,
such as 8-bromocaffeine, are also viable substrates for this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Milner
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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37
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Abstract
The role of fluorine in drug design and development is expanding rapidly as we learn more about the unique properties associated with this unusual element and how to deploy it with greater sophistication. The judicious introduction of fluorine into a molecule can productively influence conformation, pKa, intrinsic potency, membrane permeability, metabolic pathways, and pharmacokinetic properties. In addition, (18)F has been established as a useful positron emitting isotope for use with in vivo imaging technology that potentially has extensive application in drug discovery and development, often limited only by convenient synthetic accessibility to labeled compounds. The wide ranging applications of fluorine in drug design are providing a strong stimulus for the development of new synthetic methodologies that allow more facile access to a wide range of fluorinated compounds. In this review, we provide an update on the effects of the strategic incorporation of fluorine in drug molecules and applications in positron emission tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Gillis
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Kyle J Eastman
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Matthew D Hill
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - David J Donnelly
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, PET Radiochemical Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
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38
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Mándity IM, Ötvös SB, Fülöp F. Strategic Application of Residence-Time Control in Continuous-Flow Reactors. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:212-23. [PMID: 26246983 PMCID: PMC4522171 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a sustainable alternative for conventional batch-based synthetic techniques, the concept of continuous-flow processing has emerged in the synthesis of fine chemicals. Systematic tuning of the residence time, a key parameter of continuous-reaction technology, can govern the outcome of a chemical reaction by determining the reaction rate and the conversion and by influencing the product selectivity. This review furnishes a brief insight into flow reactions in which high chemo- and/or stereoselectivity can be attained by strategic residence-time control and illustrates the importance of the residence time as a crucial parameter in sustainable method development. Such a fine reaction control cannot be performed in conventional batch reaction set-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- István M Mándity
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of SzegedEötvös u. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor B Ötvös
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of SzegedEötvös u. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of SciencesEötvös u. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of SzegedEötvös u. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of SciencesEötvös u. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
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40
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Champagne PA, Desroches J, Hamel JD, Vandamme M, Paquin JF. Monofluorination of Organic Compounds: 10 Years of Innovation. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9073-174. [PMID: 25854146 DOI: 10.1021/cr500706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 674] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Alexandre Champagne
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CGCC, PROTEO, Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Justine Desroches
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CGCC, PROTEO, Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Jean-Denys Hamel
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CGCC, PROTEO, Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Mathilde Vandamme
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CGCC, PROTEO, Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Jean-François Paquin
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CGCC, PROTEO, Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
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41
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Neumann CN, Ritter T. Late-stage fluorination: fancy novelty or useful tool? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3216-21. [PMID: 25653137 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Charming fluorine: This Essay examines the recent surge in late-stage fluorination reactions and outlines challenges that need to be overcome to increase the impact of modern fluorination methods on the synthesis of complex organofluorine compounds. It is outlined how an improved understanding of the bonding interactions of fluoride could lead to a new class of mild fluorinating reagents and a range of functional-group-tolerant reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze N Neumann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (USA) http://www.chem.harvard.edu/groups/ritter/
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42
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Fluorierung in späten Synthesestadien: extravagante Neuheit oder nützliches Hilfsmittel? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Fujimoto T, Ritter T. PhenoFluorMix: Practical Chemoselective Deoxyfluorination of Phenols. Org Lett 2015; 17:544-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5035518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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44
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45
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Kikushima K. Transition Metal-Mediated or -Catalyzed Nucleophilic Fluorination for Aryl Fluorides with Metal Fluoride Salts. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Noël T, Su Y, Hessel V. Beyond Organometallic Flow Chemistry: The Principles Behind the Use of Continuous-Flow Reactors for Synthesis. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2015_152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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47
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Campbell MG, Ritter T. Modern carbon-fluorine bond forming reactions for aryl fluoride synthesis. Chem Rev 2014; 115:612-33. [PMID: 25474722 DOI: 10.1021/cr500366b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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48
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Gilmore K, Vukelić S, McQuade DT, Koksch B, Seeberger PH. Continuous Reductions and Reductive Aminations Using Solid NaBH4. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500310s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Gilmore
- Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg
1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stella Vukelić
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraβe
3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Tyler McQuade
- Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg
1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 United States
| | - Beate Koksch
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraβe
3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg
1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraβe
3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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49
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Chen M, Ichikawa S, Buchwald SL. Rapid and Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Finkelstein Reaction of (Hetero)Aromatics under Continuous‐Flow Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18‐490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Saki Ichikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18‐490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18‐490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
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50
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Chen M, Ichikawa S, Buchwald SL. Rapid and Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Finkelstein Reaction of (Hetero)Aromatics under Continuous‐Flow Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:263-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18‐490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Saki Ichikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18‐490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18‐490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
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