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Saito D, Galica T, Nishibori E, Yoshida M, Kobayashi A, Kato M. Reversible and Stepwise Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Transformation of a Platinum(II) Complex with Vapochromic Luminescence. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200703. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Saito
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University North-10 West-8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Kwansei Gakuin University 1 Gakuen Uegahara Sanda Hyogo 669-1330 Japan
| | - Tomasz Galica
- Department of Physics Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba 1-1-1, Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8571 Japan
| | - Eiji Nishibori
- Department of Physics Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba 1-1-1, Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8571 Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University North-10 West-8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University North-10 West-8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Masako Kato
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University North-10 West-8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Kwansei Gakuin University 1 Gakuen Uegahara Sanda Hyogo 669-1330 Japan
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Weyer N, Heinz M, Bruhn C, Holthausen MC, Siemeling U. Reactivity of an N-heterocyclic silylene with a 1,1'-ferrocenediyl backbone towards carbonyl compounds, including carbon suboxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9378-9381. [PMID: 34528963 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03947d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of a silylene with a ketene and with carbon suboxide are reported, respectively leading to the first silaallene oxide and to a silylketene, whose reaction with water affords the first structurally characterised stable methyleneketene and constitutes a unique type of single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation of a molecular solid by a stoichiometric gas-solid chemical reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Weyer
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Myron Heinz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Max C Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
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Young RJ, Huxley MT, Pardo E, Champness NR, Sumby CJ, Doonan CJ. Isolating reactive metal-based species in Metal-Organic Frameworks - viable strategies and opportunities. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4031-4050. [PMID: 34122871 PMCID: PMC8152792 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00485e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural insight into reactive species can be achieved via strategies such as matrix isolation in frozen glasses, whereby species are kinetically trapped, or by confinement within the cavities of host molecules. More recently, Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have been used as molecular scaffolds to isolate reactive metal-based species within their ordered pore networks. These studies have uncovered new reactivity, allowed observation of novel metal-based complexes and clusters, and elucidated the nature of metal-centred reactions responsible for catalysis. This perspective considers strategies by which metal species can be introduced into MOFs and highlights some of the advantages and limitations of each approach. Furthermore, the growing body of work whereby reactive species can be isolated and structurally characterised within a MOF matrix will be reviewed, including discussion of salient examples and the provision of useful guidelines for the design of new systems. Novel approaches that facilitate detailed structural analysis of reactive chemical moieties are of considerable interest as the knowledge garnered underpins our understanding of reactivity and thus guides the synthesis of materials with unprecedented functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary J Young
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Michael T Huxley
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia
| | - Emilio Pardo
- Institute of Molecular Science, University of Valencia Valencia Spain
| | | | - Christopher J Sumby
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia
| | - Christian J Doonan
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia
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Chadwick FM, McKay AI, Martinez-Martinez AJ, Rees NH, Krämer T, Macgregor SA, Weller AS. Solid-state molecular organometallic chemistry. Single-crystal to single-crystal reactivity and catalysis with light hydrocarbon substrates. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6014-6029. [PMID: 28989631 PMCID: PMC5625289 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01491k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-state molecular organometallic catalysis (SMOM-cat): synthetic routes, unique structural motifs, mobility in the solid-state and very active gas/solid isomerization catalysts.
Single-crystal to single-crystal solid/gas reactivity and catalysis starting from the precursor sigma-alkane complex [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(η2η2-NBA)][BArF4] (NBA = norbornane; ArF = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3) is reported. By adding ethene, propene and 1-butene to this precursor in solid/gas reactions the resulting alkene complexes [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(alkene)x][BArF4] are formed. The ethene (x = 2) complex, [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(ethene)2][BArF4]-Oct, has been characterized in the solid-state (single-crystal X-ray diffraction) and by solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Rapid, low temperature recrystallization using solution methods results in a different crystalline modification, [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(ethene)2][BArF4]-Hex, that has a hexagonal microporous structure (P6322). The propene complex (x = 1) [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(propene)][BArF4] is characterized as having a π-bound alkene with a supporting γ-agostic Rh···H3C interaction at low temperature by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, variable temperature solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy, as well as periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A fluxional process occurs in both the solid-state and solution that is proposed to proceed via a tautomeric allyl-hydride. Gas/solid catalytic isomerization of d3-propene, H2C
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CHCD3, using [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(η2η2-NBA)][BArF4] scrambles the D-label into all possible positions of the propene, as shown by isotopic perturbation of equilibrium measurements for the agostic interaction. Periodic DFT calculations show a low barrier to H/D exchange (10.9 kcal mol–1, PBE-D3 level), and GIPAW chemical shift calculations guide the assignment of the experimental data. When synthesized using solution routes a bis-propene complex, [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(propene)2][BArF4], is formed. [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(butene)][BArF4] (x = 1) is characterized as having 2-butene bound as the cis-isomer and a single Rh···H3C agostic interaction. In the solid-state two low-energy fluxional processes are proposed. The first is a simple libration of the 2-butene that exchanges the agostic interaction, and the second is a butene isomerization process that proceeds via an allyl-hydride intermediate with a low computed barrier of 14.5 kcal mol–1. [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(η2η2-NBA)][BArF4] and the polymorphs of [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(ethene)2][BArF4] are shown to be effective in solid-state molecular organometallic catalysis (SMOM-Cat) for the isomerization of 1-butene to a mixture of cis- and trans-2-butene at 298 K and 1 atm, and studies suggest that catalysis is likely dominated by surface-active species. [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(η2η2-NBA)][BArF4] is also shown to catalyze the transfer dehydrogenation of butane to 2-butene at 298 K using ethene as the sacrificial acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mark Chadwick
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratories , University of Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Alasdair I McKay
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratories , University of Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | | | - Nicholas H Rees
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratories , University of Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Tobias Krämer
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh , EH14 4AS , UK .
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh , EH14 4AS , UK .
| | - Andrew S Weller
- Department of Chemistry , Chemistry Research Laboratories , University of Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
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Gonzalez MI, Mason JA, Bloch ED, Teat SJ, Gagnon KJ, Morrison GY, Queen WL, Long JR. Structural characterization of framework-gas interactions in the metal-organic framework Co 2(dobdc) by in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4387-4398. [PMID: 28966783 PMCID: PMC5580307 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00449d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystallographic characterization of framework-guest interactions in metal-organic frameworks allows the location of guest binding sites and provides meaningful information on the nature of these interactions, enabling the correlation of structure with adsorption behavior. Here, techniques developed for in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments on porous crystals have enabled the direct observation of CO, CH4, N2, O2, Ar, and P4 adsorption in Co2(dobdc) (dobdc4- = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate), a metal-organic framework bearing coordinatively unsaturated cobalt(ii) sites. All these molecules exhibit such weak interactions with the high-spin cobalt(ii) sites in the framework that no analogous molecular structures exist, demonstrating the utility of metal-organic frameworks as crystalline matrices for the isolation and structural determination of unstable species. Notably, the Co-CH4 and Co-Ar interactions observed in Co2(dobdc) represent, to the best of our knowledge, the first single-crystal structure determination of a metal-CH4 interaction and the first crystallographically characterized metal-Ar interaction. Analysis of low-pressure gas adsorption isotherms confirms that these gases exhibit mainly physisorptive interactions with the cobalt(ii) sites in Co2(dobdc), with differential enthalpies of adsorption as weak as -17(1) kJ mol-1 (for Ar). Moreover, the structures of Co2(dobdc)·3.8N2, Co2(dobdc)·5.9O2, and Co2(dobdc)·2.0Ar reveal the location of secondary (N2, O2, and Ar) and tertiary (O2) binding sites in Co2(dobdc), while high-pressure CO2, CO, CH4, N2, and Ar adsorption isotherms show that these binding sites become more relevant at elevated pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel I Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720-1462 , USA .
| | - Jarad A Mason
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720-1462 , USA .
| | - Eric D Bloch
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720-1462 , USA .
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA
| | - Kevin J Gagnon
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA
| | - Gregory Y Morrison
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA
| | - Wendy L Queen
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , CH 1051 Sion , Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720-1462 , USA .
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720-1462 , USA
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 94720 , USA
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Nikolayenko VI, Heyns A, Barbour LJ. Threading the needle: guest transport in a versatile 0D porous molecular crystal. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11306-11309. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06676g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Porous host crystals of the metallocycle [Cu2(1,3-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene)2Cl4]·2CH3OH are permeable to a series of small organic guests despite their lack of permanent channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara I. Nikolayenko
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- Matieland 7600
- South Africa
| | - Anneli Heyns
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- Matieland 7600
- South Africa
| | - Leonard J. Barbour
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- Matieland 7600
- South Africa
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7
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Chadwick FM, Krämer T, Gutmann T, Rees NH, Thompson AL, Edwards AJ, Buntkowsky G, Macgregor SA, Weller AS. Selective C-H Activation at a Molecular Rhodium Sigma-Alkane Complex by Solid/Gas Single-Crystal to Single-Crystal H/D Exchange. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13369-13378. [PMID: 27631345 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The controlled catalytic functionalization of alkanes via the activation of C-H bonds is a significant challenge. Although C-H activation by transition metal catalysts is often suggested to operate via intermediate σ-alkane complexes, such transient species are difficult to observe due to their instability in solution. This instability may be controlled by use of solid/gas synthetic techniques that enable the isolation of single-crystals of well-defined σ-alkane complexes. Here we show that, using this unique platform, selective alkane C-H activation occurs, as probed by H/D exchange using D2, and that five different isotopomers/isotopologues of the σ-alkane complex result, as characterized by single-crystal neutron diffraction studies for three examples. Low-energy fluxional processes associated with the σ-alkane ligand are identified using variable-temperature X-ray diffraction, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and periodic DFT calculations. These observations connect σ-alkane complexes with their C-H activated products, and demonstrate that alkane-ligand mobility, and selective C-H activation, are possible when these processes occur in the constrained environment of the solid-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mark Chadwick
- Department of Chemistry, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Tobias Krämer
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Torsten Gutmann
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nicholas H Rees
- Department of Chemistry, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Amber L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Alison J Edwards
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization , Locked Bag 2001 Kirrawee D.C., New South Wales 2232, Australia
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Andrew S Weller
- Department of Chemistry, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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8
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Chadwick FM, Olliff N, Weller AS. A convenient route to a norbornadiene adduct of iridium with chelating phosphines, [Ir(R2PCH2CH2PR2)(NBD)][BAr4F] and a comparison of reactivity with H2 in solution and the solid–state. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pike SD, Weller AS. Organometallic synthesis, reactivity and catalysis in the solid state using well-defined single-site species. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2015; 373:rsta.2014.0187. [PMID: 25666064 PMCID: PMC4342974 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Acting as a bridge between the heterogeneous and homogeneous realms, the use of discrete, well-defined, solid-state organometallic complexes for synthesis and catalysis is a remarkably undeveloped field. Here, we present a review of this topic, focusing on describing the key transformations that can be observed at a transition-metal centre, as well as the use of well-defined organometallic complexes in the solid state as catalysts. There is a particular focus upon gas-solid reactivity/catalysis and single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian D Pike
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford UK1 3TA, UK
| | - Andrew S Weller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford UK1 3TA, UK
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11
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Pike SD, Krämer T, Rees NH, Macgregor SA, Weller AS. Stoichiometric and Catalytic Solid–Gas Reactivity of Rhodium Bis-phosphine Complexes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om5013133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian D. Pike
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research
Laboratories, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Tobias Krämer
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Nicholas H. Rees
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research
Laboratories, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Stuart. A. Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Andrew S. Weller
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research
Laboratories, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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Pike SD, Chadwick FM, Rees NH, Scott MP, Weller AS, Krämer T, Macgregor SA. Solid-state synthesis and characterization of σ-alkane complexes, [Rh(L2)(η(2),η(2)-C7H12)][BAr(F)4] (L2 = bidentate chelating phosphine). J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:820-33. [PMID: 25506741 DOI: 10.1021/ja510437p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of solid/gas and single-crystal to single-crystal synthetic routes is reported for the synthesis and characterization of a number of σ-alkane complexes: [Rh(R2P(CH2)nPR2)(η(2),η(2)-C7H12)][BAr(F)4]; R = Cy, n = 2; R = (i)Pr, n = 2,3; Ar = 3,5-C6H3(CF3)2. These norbornane adducts are formed by simple hydrogenation of the corresponding norbornadiene precursor in the solid state. For R = Cy (n = 2), the resulting complex is remarkably stable (months at 298 K), allowing for full characterization using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The solid-state structure shows no disorder, and the structural metrics can be accurately determined, while the (1)H chemical shifts of the Rh···H-C motif can be determined using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. DFT calculations show that the bonding between the metal fragment and the alkane can be best characterized as a three-center, two-electron interaction, of which σCH → Rh donation is the major component. The other alkane complexes exhibit solid-state (31)P NMR data consistent with their formation, but they are now much less persistent at 298 K and ultimately give the corresponding zwitterions in which [BAr(F)4](-) coordinates and NBA is lost. The solid-state structures, as determined by X-ray crystallography, for all these [BAr(F)4](-) adducts are reported. DFT calculations suggest that the molecular zwitterions within these structures are all significantly more stable than their corresponding σ-alkane cations, suggesting that the solid-state motif has a strong influence on their observed relative stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian D Pike
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratories, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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Boterashvili M, Lahav M, Shankar S, Facchetti A, van der Boom ME. On-Surface Solvent-Free Crystal-to-Co-crystal Conversion by Non-Covalent Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11926-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5066587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meital Boterashvili
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl
St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Michal Lahav
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl
St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sreejith Shankar
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl
St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Milko E. van der Boom
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl
St., Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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du Plessis M, Smith VJ, Barbour LJ. Single-crystal to single-crystal guest exchange and phase transformations in a porous metallocycle. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00244j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The acetonitrile guest molecules in this porous metallocycle can be exchanged for different solvent molecules in a single-crystal to single-crystal manner. These guest exchanges are accompanied by a phase transformation in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marike du Plessis
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Vincent J. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Leonard J. Barbour
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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Yan Z, Bolokowicz AJ, Collett TK, Reeb SA, Wiseman JD, Wheeler KA. Solid-state photodimerization reactions of racemic and homochiral phenylalanine sulfonamidecinnamic acids. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce26307f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pike SD, Thompson AL, Algarra AG, Apperley DC, Macgregor SA, Weller AS. Synthesis and characterization of a rhodium(I) σ-alkane complex in the solid state. Science 2012; 337:1648-51. [PMID: 22923436 DOI: 10.1126/science.1225028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-alkane complexes-termed σ-complexes because the alkane donates electron density to the metal from a σ-symmetry carbon-hydrogen (C-H) orbital-are key intermediates in catalytic C-H activation processes, yet these complexes remain tantalizingly elusive to characterization in the solid state by single-crystal x-ray diffraction techniques. Here, we report an approach to the synthesis and characterization of transition metal-alkane complexes in the solid state by a simple gas-solid reaction to produce an alkane σ-complex directly. This strategy enables the structural determination, by x-ray diffraction, of an alkane (norbornane) σ-bound to a d(8)-rhodium(I) metal center, in which the chelating alkane ligand is coordinated to the pseudosquare planar metal center through two σ-C-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian D Pike
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratories, Oxford, UK
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