1
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Dhara A, Dmitrienko A, Hussein RN, Sotomayor A, Wilson BH, Loeb SJ. A translationally active ligand based on a [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle with a 2,2'-bipyridyl core. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7215-7220. [PMID: 37416700 PMCID: PMC10321530 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01346d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A rigid H-shaped, [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle comprised of an axle containing two benzimidazole recognition sites and a central 2,2'-bipyridyl (bipy) group interlocked with a 24-crown-8 (24C8) wheel was synthesized using a threading followed by stoppering protocol. The central bipy chelating unit was shown to act as a speed bump that raised the barrier to shuttling for the [2]rotaxane. Coordination of a PtCl2 moiety to the bipy unit in a square planar geometry created an insurmountable steric barrier to shuttling. Addition of one equivalent of NaB(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)4 removed one of the chloride ligands allowing for translation of the crown ether along the axle into the coordination sphere of the Pt(ii) centre but full shuttling of the crown ether could not be activated. In contrast, addition of Zn(ii) ions in a coordinating solvent (DMF) allowed shuttling to occur using a ligand exchange mechanism. DFT calculations showed this likely occurs via coordination of the 24C8 macrocycle to the Zn(ii) centre bound to the bipy chelate. This interplay of the rotaxane axle and wheel components is an example of a translationally active ligand that utilises the large amplitude displacement of a macrocycle along an axle in a molecular shuttle to access ligand coordination modes not possible with conventional ligand designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Dhara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Anton Dmitrienko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Rahaf N Hussein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Ariel Sotomayor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Benjamin H Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
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2
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Small Molecules Containing Amphoteric Imidazole Motifs as Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: An Overview. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:49. [PMID: 36123408 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Organic dyes, porphyrins and inorganic complexes containing imidazole (IM) motifs have been demonstrated as a new class of sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Particularly, the amphoteric nature of IM-based motifs allows them to be used as donors (D), auxiliary donors (DA), linker/branch (π), or acceptors (A) in D-π-A-based organic dyes and porphyrins and also employed as cyclometalated heteroleptic and ancillary ligands in the Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes for DSSCs. It is noteworthy that the introduction of IM chromophores in the dyes of D-π-A configuration can improve the light-harvesting properties and prohibit the charge recombination reactions due to the extension of the π-conjugated structures and hydrophobic nature. Similarly, in the case of inorganic complexes, the presence of IM motifs as ligands can improve the light-harvesting ability, give facilely tuned HOMO and LUMO energy levels, increase the charge recombination resistance and photostability. This results in enhanced photocurrent (JSC) and photovoltage (VOC) and consequently solar-to-power conversion efficiency (η) of DSSC devices based on Ru(II) and Ir(III) complexes. Considering the interesting DSSC applications of IM-derived molecules, in this review, we therefore comprehensively discuss their photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties reported so far and establish their structure-activity relationship to further advance the η of DSSCs. To the best of our knowledge, there is no such a review interpreting the importance of molecules possessing IM-motifs for DSSC applications to date.
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3
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Chen L, Sheng X, Li G, Huang F. Mechanically interlocked polymers based on rotaxanes. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7046-7065. [PMID: 35852571 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00202g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nature of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) has continued to encourage researchers to design and construct a variety of high-performance materials. Introducing mechanically interlocked structures into polymers has led to novel polymeric materials, called mechanically interlocked polymers (MIPs). Rotaxane-based MIPs are an important class, where the mechanically interlocked characteristic retains a high degree of structural freedom and mobility of their components, such as the rotation and sliding motions of rotaxane units. Therefore, these MIP materials are known to possess a unique set of properties, including mechanical robustness, adaptability and responsiveness, which endow them with potential applications in many emerging fields, such as protective materials, intelligent actuators, and mechanisorption. In this review, we outline the synthetic strategies, structure-property relationships, and application explorations of various polyrotaxanes, including linear polyrotaxanes, polyrotaxane networks, and rotaxane dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Chen
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xinru Sheng
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Guangfeng Li
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. .,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China.
| | - Feihe Huang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. .,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China. .,Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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4
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Woźny M, Trzybiński D, Dąbrowa K, Narodowiec J, Woźniak K. Monosulfonated dibenzo-24-crown-8 and its properties. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5308-5318. [PMID: 35730366 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00851c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a method for preparing a monosulfonated dibenzo-24-crown-8 ether, SDB24C8, by direct sulfonation of the parent crown (DB24C8). Since neutral DB24C8 readily interacts with cationic guests, permanently charged SDB24C8 is an advantageous candidate for future supramolecular applications. SDB24C8 can be isolated as a sulfonic acid to be used as it is or converted to a salt of choice. The crystallographic analysis provides the first known host-guest assembly with a DB24C8-based scaffold complexing hydronium and potassium cations. Supramolecular investigations of the interactions of this anionic macrocycle with alkali cations were also performed. According to the expectations, the introduction of the sulfonic group into the DB24C8 scaffold increases the affinities of the receptor. An unusual selectivity of SDB24C8 towards a sodium cation was also observed and further investigated with DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Woźny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - D Trzybiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Chemistry Department, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - K Dąbrowa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - J Narodowiec
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - K Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Chemistry Department, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
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5
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Saura-Sanmartin A, Pastor A, Martinez-Cuezva A, Cutillas-Font G, Alajarin M, Berna J. Mechanically interlocked molecules in metal-organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4949-4976. [PMID: 35612363 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) have great potential in the development of molecular machinery due to their intercomponent dynamics. The incorporation of these molecules in a condensed phase makes it possible to take advantage of the control of the motion of the components at the macroscopic level. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are postulated as ideal supports for intertwined molecules. This review covers the chemistry of the mechanical bond incorporated into metal-organic frameworks from the seminal studies to the latest published advances. We first describe some fundamental concepts of MIMs and MOFs. Next, we summarize the advances in the incorporation of rotaxanes and catenanes inside MOF matrices. Finally, we conclude by showing the study of the rotaxane dynamics in MOFs and the operation of some stimuli-responsive MIMs within MOFs. In addition to emphasising some selected examples, we offer a critical opinion on the state of the art of this research field, remarking the key points on which the future of these systems should be focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Aurelia Pastor
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Cutillas-Font
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
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6
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Li X, Xie J, Du Z, Jiang L, Li G, Ling S, Zhu K. Docking rings in a solid: reversible assembling of pseudorotaxanes inside a zirconium metal-organic framework. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6291-6296. [PMID: 35733896 PMCID: PMC9159108 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented zirconium metal–organic framework featuring a T-shaped benzimidazole strut was constructed and employed as a sponge-like material for selective absorption of macrocyclic guests. The neutral benzimidazole domain of the as-synthesized framework can be readily protonated and fully converted to benzimidazolium. Mechanical threading of [24]crown-8 ether wheels onto recognition sites to form pseudorotaxanes was evidenced by solution nuclear magnetic resonance, solid-state fluorescence, and infrared spectroscopy. Selective absorption of [24]crown-8 ether rather than its dibenzo counterpart was also observed. Further study reveals that this binding process is reversible and acid–base switchable. The success of docking macrocyclic guests in crystals via host–guest interactions provides an alternative route to complex functional materials with interpenetrated structures. A T-shaped ligand was designed as struts for building a zirconium metal–organic framework. Acid–base switchable docking and releasing a 24-membered crown ether inside crystals was successfully accomplished via post-synthetic modification.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jialin Xie
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhenglin Du
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Long Jiang
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Centre, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Guangqin Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Sanliang Ling
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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7
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Nicoli F, Curcio M, Tranfić Bakić M, Paltrinieri E, Silvi S, Baroncini M, Credi A. Photoinduced Autonomous Nonequilibrium Operation of a Molecular Shuttle by Combined Isomerization and Proton Transfer Through a Catalytic Pathway. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10180-10185. [PMID: 35575701 PMCID: PMC9204767 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We describe a [2]rotaxane
whose recognition sites for the ring
are a dibenzylammonium moiety, endowed with acidic and H-bonding donor
properties, and an imidazolium center bearing a photoactive phenylazo
substituent. Light irradiation of this compound triggers a network
of E/Z isomerization and proton
transfer reactions that enable autonomous and reversible ring shuttling
away from equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Nicoli
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Curcio
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Tranfić Bakić
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Erica Paltrinieri
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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8
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Huang J, Tan X, Ran S, Tao Y, Wu R, Li C, Chen Y, Pan W. Host–guest sensing towards sodium cyclamate based on a cationic pillar[6]arene reduced graphene nano-composite. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01601j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A competitive fluorescence sensing for the detection of sodium cyclamate based on a cationic water-soluble pillar[6]arene graphene nano-composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncao Huang
- Chongqing Preschool Education College, Chongqing 404047, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Tan
- Chongqing Preschool Education College, Chongqing 404047, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
| | - Shuqin Ran
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
| | - Chaofan Li
- Chongqing Preschool Education College, Chongqing 404047, P. R. China
| | - Yuxue Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
| | - Wen Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, P. R. China
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9
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Zhang R, Ren Y, Zhang Q, Huang W, Bai H, Zeng X. Water-soluble pillar[5]arene-modified graphdiyne functional material and its application towards ultrasensitive and robust electrochemical methylamphetamine determination. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03668a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Schematic illustration of the application of the novel material WP5–GDY/GCE for the electrochemical sensing of methylamphetamine (MA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yanming Ren
- Judicial Expertise Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qianyao Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wenxin Huang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huiping Bai
- School of Materials and Energy, Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Materials and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
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10
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Kolodzeiski E, Amirjalayer S. On-the-Fly Training of Atomistic Potentials for Flexible and Mechanically Interlocked Molecules. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:7010-7020. [PMID: 34613742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules have gained significant attention because of their unique ability to perform well-defined motions originating from their entanglement, which is important for the design of artificial molecular machines. Atomistic simulations based on force fields (FFs) provide detailed insights into such architectures at the molecular level enabling one to predict the resulting functionalities. However, the development of reliable FFs is still challenging and time-consuming, in particular for highly dynamic and interlocked structures such as rotaxanes, which exhibit a large number of different conformers. In the present work, we present an on-the-fly training (OTFT) algorithm. By a guided and nonguided phase space sampling, relevant reference data are automatically and continuously generated and included for the on-the-fly parametrization of the FF based on a population swapping genetic algorithm (psGA). The OTFT approach provides a fast and automated FF parametrization scheme and tackles problems caused by missing phase space information or the need for big data. We demonstrate the high accuracy of the developed FF for flexible molecules with respect to equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium properties. Finally, by applying the ab initio parametrized FF, molecular dynamic simulations were performed up to experimentally relevant time scales (ca. 1 μs) enabling capture in detail of the structural evaluation and mapping out of the free-energy topology. The on-the-fly training approach thus provides a strong foundation toward automated FF developments and large-scale investigations of phenomena in and out of thermal equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kolodzeiski
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Saeed Amirjalayer
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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11
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Yang JX, Li Z, Gu XH, Zhan TG, Cui J, Zhang KD. A photogated photoswitchable [2]rotaxane based on orthogonal photoreactions. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Xu H, Lin MD, Yuan J, Zhou B, Mu Y, Huo Y, Zhu K. Fluorescence emission enhancement of a T-shaped benzimidazole with a mechanically-interlocked 'suit'. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3239-3242. [PMID: 33646217 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07471c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescent T-shaped benzimidazole was successfully designed and interlocked in a bicyclic macrocycle to form a suit[1]ane through supramolecular templated-synthesis. Compared with the bare fluorophore, suit[1]ane requires nearly two times the concentration to initialize the aggregation-caused quenching effect in solution. Furthermore, an 8-fold higher solid-state fluorescence quantum yield (21.7%) is also achieved. By taking advantage of mechanical bonding and molecular packing, such fluorescence emission enhancement through formation of a suitane opens the way to new complex fluorescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houyang Xu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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13
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Wilson BH, Abdulla LM, Schurko RW, Loeb SJ. Translational dynamics of a non-degenerate molecular shuttle imbedded in a zirconium metal-organic framework. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3944-3951. [PMID: 34163664 PMCID: PMC8179482 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06837c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle linker based on the binding of a 24-crown-8 ether macrocycle at a benzimidazole recognition site was synthesised. The shuttling dynamics of the linker were studied in solution and the structure confirmed by X-ray crystallography. A multivariate Zr(iv) MOF, UWDM-11, containing the new MIM linker and primary linker tetramethylterphenyldicarboxylate was synthesised and the translational motion of the molecular shuttle studied in the solid state. The use of a 13C enriched MIM linker allowed the dynamics of both activated and mesitylene-solvated UWDM-11 to be elucidated by VT 13C CPMAS SSNMR. The incorporation of mesitylene into the pores of UWDM-11 resulted in a significant increase in the barrier for thermally driven translation of the macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Louae M Abdulla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Robert W Schurko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
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14
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Gholami G, Wilson BH, Zhu K, O'Keefe CA, Schurko RW, Loeb SJ. Exploring the dynamics of Zr-based metal-organic frameworks containing mechanically interlocked molecular shuttles. Faraday Discuss 2020; 225:358-370. [PMID: 33089860 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00004c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Zr(iv) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) UiO-68 and PCN-57, containing triphenylene dicarboxylate (TPDC) and tetramethyl-triphenylene dicarboxylate (TTDC) linkers, respectively, were doped with an H-shaped tetracarboxylate linker that contains a [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle. The new MOFs, UWDM-8 and UWDM-9, contain a [2]rotaxane crossbar spanning the tetrahedral cavities of the fcu topology while the octahedral cavities remain empty. 13C solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectra and solution 1H NMR spectra verified that the [2]rotaxanes were included as designed. Variable-temperature (VT) cross polarization (CP) magic-angle spinning (MAS) 13C SSNMR was used to explore the translational motion of the macrocyclic ring in both MOFs. The SSNMR results clearly show that the structure of the linker (TPDCvs.TTDC) affects the shuttling rate of the macrocyclic ring, although questions remain as to how rotation of the central phenylene unit of the strut might also affect the motion of the macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazale Gholami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada.
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15
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16
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Martinez-Cuezva A, Saura-Sanmartin A, Alajarin M, Berna J. Mechanically Interlocked Catalysts for Asymmetric Synthesis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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17
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Zhu K, Loeb SJ. A hydrogen-bonded polymer constructed from mechanically interlocked, suit[1]ane monomers. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A T-shaped 2,4,7-substituted benzimidazolium “axle” with two ester functionalities and a 24-membered crown ether “wheel” with appendages containing terminal olefin groups were threaded — axle through wheel — to form a [2]pseudorotaxane. Grubbs’ ring-closing metathesis (RCM) was then used to form a third loop and create a bicyclic cage that fully encapsulates the axle and permanently interlocks the two molecular components creating a suit[1]ane. There are no bulky groups on the axle to prevent unthreading, but the axle is trapped due to the cage-like nature of the newly created polyether host. After hydrolysis of the esters groups to carboxylic acids, this novel mechanically interlocked molecule (MIM) polymerizes in the solid state. The structure of the resulting supramolecular polymer was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and contains linear one-dimensional tapes of suit[1]ane monomers linked by intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the carboxylic acid groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Stephen J. Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
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18
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Zhou J, Yu G, Li Y, Shen J, Wang M, Li Z, Wei P, Tang J, Huang F. [2]Pseudorotaxane‐Based Supramolecular Optical Indicator for the Visual Detection of Cellular Cyanide Excretion. Chemistry 2019; 25:14447-14453. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCenter for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Guocan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCenter for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of ChemistryInstitute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- School of MedicineZhejiang University City College Hangzhou 310015 P. R. China
| | - Mengbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCenter for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Zhengtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCenter for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Peifa Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCenter for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of, Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of, Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringCenter for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
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19
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Baggi G, Casimiro L, Baroncini M, Silvi S, Credi A, Loeb SJ. Threading-gated photochromism in [2]pseudorotaxanes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5104-5113. [PMID: 31183062 PMCID: PMC6524668 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00913b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rigid, Y-shaped imidazole compounds containing the bis(thienyl)ethene moiety were designed and synthesized. The 4,5-bis(benzothienyl)-2-phenylimidazolium cations were then used as axles for [2]pseudorotaxane formation with 24-membered crown ether wheels. It was demonstrated using 1H NMR spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption and emission spectroscopies that this host-guest interaction results in significant changes in the photochromic properties of the imidazolium axles. This is a rare example of gated photochromism, which exploits the recognition event of an interpenetrated molecular system to tune the photochromic properties in one of the components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Baggi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , ON N9B 3P4 , Canada .
| | - Lorenzo Casimiro
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , 40126 Bologna , Italy .
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Università di Bologna , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , 40127 Bologna , Italy
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Università di Bologna , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , 40126 Bologna , Italy .
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Università di Bologna , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , 40127 Bologna , Italy
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Università di Bologna , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , ON N9B 3P4 , Canada .
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20
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Zhang Z, Sun K, Li S, Yu G. A pillar[5]arene-based molecular grapple of hexafluorophosphate. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Ouyang Y, Zhang Y, Luo Z, Li X, Duan A, Dong S. Differences in solubilities, crystal structures, NMR spectra and fluorescence emissions induced by potassium cation/benzo-21-crown-7 molecular recognition. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03208h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Changes of the fundamental properties of host–guest pairs induced by potassium cation complexation were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Ouyang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Abing Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Shengyi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
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22
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Mena-Hernando S, Pérez EM. Mechanically interlocked materials. Rotaxanes and catenanes beyond the small molecule. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:5016-5032. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00888d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An overview of the progress in mechanically interlocked materials is presented. In particular, we focus on polycatenanes, polyrotaxanes, metal–organic rotaxane frameworks (MORFs), and mechanically interlocked derivatives of carbon nanotubes (MINTs).
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23
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Luo Z, Deng Y, Li X, Zhang Q, Wu J, Qi Z, Jin L, Dong S. LCST behavior controlled by size-matching selectivity from low molecular weight monomer systems. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00846b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
LCST behavior was controlled by crown ether–cation recognition motifs via size-matching selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenhui Qi
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Jin
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an
- P. R. China
| | - Shengyi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
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24
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The synthesis of water-soluble phosphate pillar[5]arenes functionalized graphene as a fluorescent probe for sensitive detection of paraquat. Talanta 2018; 195:472-479. [PMID: 30625572 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We describe a selective and sensitive fluorescence platform for the detection of paraquat (PQ) based on competitive host-guest recognition between phosphate pillar[5]arenes (PWP5) and probe (Safranine T, ST) with using PWP5 functionalized reduced graphene (PWP5-rGO) as the receptor. PQ is a positive charge molecule that is captured by PWP5 via electrostatic interactions. The host-guest interaction between PWP5 and PQ is studied by 1H NMR. Therefore, a selective and sensitive fluorescence sensing of detection PQ is developed. It has a linear response ranges of 0.01-2.0 and 2.0-50.0 μM and a low detection limit of 0.0035 μM (S/N = 3) for PQ. The sensing platform is also used to test PQ in two water samples with satisfying results. It suggests that this approach has potential applications for the determination of PQ.
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25
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Vella SJ, Loeb SJ. A pyridinium/anilinium [2]catenane that operates as an acid-base driven optical switch. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1908-1916. [PMID: 30112096 PMCID: PMC6071693 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A two-station [2]catenane containing a large macrocycle with two different recognition sites, one bis(pyridinium)ethane and one benzylanilinium, as well as a smaller DB24C8 ring was synthesized and characterized. 1H NMR spectroscopy showed that the DB24C8 ring can shuttle between the two recognition sites depending on the protonation state of the larger macrocycle. When the aniline group is neutral, the DB24C8 ring resides solely at the bis(pyridinium)ethane site, while addition of acid forms a charged benzylanilinium site. The DB24C8 then shuttles between the two charged recognition sites with occupancy favoring the bis(pyridinium)ethane site by a ratio of 4:1. The unprotonated [2]catenane has a deep yellow/orange color when the DB24C8 ring resides solely at the bis(pyridinium)ethane site and changes to colorless when the crown ether is shuttling (i.e., circumrotating) back and forth between the two recognition sites thus optically signalling the onset of the shuttling dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Vella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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26
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Yin H, Rosas R, Gigmes D, Ouari O, Wang R, Kermagoret A, Bardelang D. Metal Actuated Ring Translocation Switches in Water. Org Lett 2018; 20:3187-3191. [PMID: 29750536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Among a series of metal ions in water, silver is the only one to remotely and reversibly switch cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) movements (translocation or uptake) on a rigid and linear three-station viologen-phenylene-imidazole ( V-P-I) derivative, avoiding undesired pH actuation. 1H NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, ITC, and modeling were combined to show that ring translocation or uptake along a molecular thread is possible in water by Ag+ as a metal stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade , Taipa , Macau SAR , China
| | - Roselyne Rosas
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, Spectropole , FR 1739 , Marseille , France
| | | | | | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade , Taipa , Macau SAR , China
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27
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Yu G, Yang J, Fu X, Wang Z, Shao L, Mao Z, Liu Y, Yang Z, Zhang F, Fan W, Song J, Zhou Z, Gao C, Huang F, Chen X. Supramolecular Hybrid Material Constructed from Graphene Oxide and Pillar[6]arene-Based Host-Guest Complex as a Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Signals Nanoamplifier. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2018; 5:429-435. [PMID: 29910956 PMCID: PMC5997277 DOI: 10.1039/c8mh00128f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging combines the merits of ultrasound imaging and optical imaging that allows a fascinating imaging paradigm with deeper tissue penetration than optical imaging and higher spatial resolution than ultrasound imaging. Herein, we develop a supramolecular hybrid material composed of graphene oxide (GO) and a pillar[6]arene-based host-guest complex (CP6⊃PyN), which can be used as a ultrasound (US) and photoacoustic (PA) signal nanoamplifier. Triggered by the near-infrared (NIR) light mediated photothermal effect, CO2 nanobubbles are generated on the surface of GO@CP6⊃PyN due to the decomposition of bicarbonate counterions, thus strongly amplifying its US and PA performances. Our study, for the first time, demonstrates enhanced US and PA activity in supramolecular hybrid material on the basis of host-guest chemistry as a photoacoustic nanoplatform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocan Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhantong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Li Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yijing Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Fuwu Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Wenpei Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jibin Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zijian Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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28
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Ring-through-ring molecular shuttling in a saturated [3]rotaxane. Nat Chem 2018; 10:625-630. [PMID: 29713030 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules such as rotaxanes and catenanes comprise two or more components whose motion relative to each other can be controlled. A [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle, for example, consists of an axle bearing two recognition sites and a single macrocyclic wheel that can undergo a to-and-fro motion along the axle-shuttling between the recognition sites. The ability of mechanically interlocked molecules to undergo this type of large-amplitude change is the core mechanism behind almost every interlocked molecular switch or machine, including sophisticated mechanical systems such as a molecular elevator and a peptide synthesizer. Here, as a way to expand the scope of dynamics possible at the molecular level, we have developed a molecular shuttling mechanism involving the exchange of rings between two recognition sites in a saturated [3]rotaxane (one with no empty recognition sites). This was accomplished by passing a smaller ring through a larger one, thus achieving ring-through-ring molecular shuttling.
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29
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Zhao R, Jie K, Zhou Y, Li E, Liu J, Huang F. Clip[4]arene: synthesis, rigid acyclic C-shaped structure, and redox-controlled host–guest complexation. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Liu P, Li Z, Shi B, Liu J, Zhu H, Huang F. Formation of Linear Side-Chain Polypseudorotaxane with Supramolecular Polymer Backbone through Neutral Halogen Bonds and Pillar[5]arene-Based Host-Guest Interactions. Chemistry 2018; 24:4264-4267. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiren Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials; Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Zhengtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials; Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials; Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials; Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Huangtianzhi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials; Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials; Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
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31
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Efficient enhancement of fluorescence emission via TPE functionalized cationic pillar[5]arene-based host–guest recognition-mediated supramolecular self-assembly. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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32
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Han C, Zhao D, Dong S. Three-dimensional supramolecular polymerization based on pillar[n]arenes (n = 5, 6) and halogen bonding interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13099-13102. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07993e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Three dimensional supramolecular polymerization networks based on pillar[5,6]arenes were constructed both in solution and in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyou Han
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Dezhi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Shengyi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
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33
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Huang D, Zhang Q, Deng Y, Luo Z, Li B, Shen X, Qi Z, Dong S, Ge Y, Chen W. Polymeric crown ethers: LCST behavior in water and stimuli-responsiveness. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00412a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A crown ether-functionalized poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) system shows lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase separation behavior in water.
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34
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Dong S, Wang L, Wu J, Jin L, Ge Y, Qi Z, Wu C. Thermosensitive Phase Behavior of Benzo-21-crown-7 and Its Derivatives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:13861-13866. [PMID: 29096440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For designing water-soluble responsive materials, utilizing crown ethers as main building blocks has been rarely explored in contrast to their linear poly(ethylene glycol) counterparts. In the current study, we report the robust thermoresponsive properties of the benzo-21-crown-7 (B21C7) family with lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior. Different substituent groups on the benzene ring exhibit significant effects on water solubility and thermoresponsiveness. B21C7 and its cyano derivative display LCST phenomena, while B21C7-based carboxylic acid derivative presents UCST followed by LCST phase behavior. Supramolecular interactions with KCl provide an additional tuning approach for this crown ether system. These results demonstrate that B21C7s can serve as an easily accessible toolbox to develop new thermosensitive systems and prepare thermally responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Lin Jin
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ge
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhui Qi
- Sino-German Joint Research Lab for Space Biomaterials and Translational Technology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Changzhu Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Dresden , Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217 Dresden, Germany
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35
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Han C, Dong S, Zhao D, Sun D. Mild Synthesis of Pillar[4]arene[1]cis
-diepoxy-p
-dione and Guest-Assisted Formation of a 2D Network in the Solid State. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyou Han
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science; China University of Petroleum (East China); No. 66, Changjiang West Road 266580 Qingdao Huangdao District P. R. China
| | - Shengyi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; 410082 Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Dezhi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science; China University of Petroleum (East China); No. 66, Changjiang West Road 266580 Qingdao Huangdao District P. R. China
| | - Daofeng Sun
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science; China University of Petroleum (East China); No. 66, Changjiang West Road 266580 Qingdao Huangdao District P. R. China
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Gholami G, Zhu K, Baggi G, Schott E, Zarate X, Loeb SJ. Influence of axle length on the rate and mechanism of shuttling in rigid H-shaped [2]rotaxanes. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7718-7723. [PMID: 29568435 PMCID: PMC5851341 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03736h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles was prepared containing a dibenzo[24]crown-8 (DB24C8) wheel and a rigid H-shaped axle with varying track lengths between recognition sites; from 7.4 to 20.3 Å as defined by 1-4 phenyl rings or a naphthyl group. The rate of shuttling was measured by variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy for neutral compounds and EXSY experiments for dicationic species. The rates were found to be independent of the length of the axle, except when the distance between the two recognition sites might be short enough (n = 1) to allow the crown ether to simultaneously interact with both recognition sites providing a short-cut mechanism which could lower the energy barrier. This notion is supported by DFT calculations and solid-state characterization of model compounds that mimic possible transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazale Gholami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada .
| | - Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , P. R. China .
| | - Giorgio Baggi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada .
| | - Eduardo Schott
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica , Facultad de Química , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Avenida Vicuña Mackenna, 4860 , Santiago , Chile
| | - Ximena Zarate
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas , Facultad de Ingeniería , Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Avenida Pedro de Valdivia 425 , Santiago , Chile
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada .
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37
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Santra S, Bej S, Nandi M, Mondal P, Ghosh P. Syntheses of metallo-pseudorotaxanes, rotaxane and post-synthetically functionalized rotaxane: a comprehensive spectroscopic study and dynamic properties. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:13300-13313. [PMID: 28771266 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01364g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a bis-amido tris-amine macrocycle and five bipyridine-based bidentate chelating ligands were investigated towards various divalent transition metal ion (NiII, CoII, CuII, and ZnII)-templated syntheses of metallo [2]pseudorotaxanes. The formation of these ternary complexes was elucidated via different spectroscopic techniques such as ESI-MS, absorption spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies wherever possible. Azide-terminated NiII, CoII, CuII, ZnII-templated [2]pseudorotaxanes were explored to generate [2]rotaxane, ROT, via reaction with an alkyne-terminated triphenylene unit as a stopper under the mild reaction condition of the CuI-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. NiII-templated [2]pseudorotaxane was found to be the best precursor towards the high-yield synthesis of ROT. The interpenetrative nature of the center piece in metal-free rotaxane was also established through various spectroscopic techniques such as ESI-MS and 1D and 2D (COSY, NOESY, ROESY, and DOSY) NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, ROT was functionalized via tri-acetylation as AcROT to incorporate three tertiary amides at the tris-amine centers; this AcROT exhibited rotamer-induced molecular motions in an interpenetrated system via the formation of multiple conformers/co-conformers. Additionally, the existence of multiple rotamers was established via variable-temperature NMR spectroscopic studies. Li+ and 12-crown-4 were found to be suitable for the reversible conformation/co-conformation fixation of tri-acetylated bis-amido tris-amine macrocyclic wheel-based rotaxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Santra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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38
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Baggi G, Loeb SJ. Rotationally Active Ligands: Dialing-Up Multiple Interlocked Co-Conformations for Silver(I) Coordination. Chemistry 2017; 23:14163-14166. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Baggi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Stephen J. Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
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39
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Zhu K, Baggi G, Vukotic VN, Loeb SJ. Reversible mechanical protection: building a 3D "suit" around a T-shaped benzimidazole axle. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3898-3904. [PMID: 28626559 PMCID: PMC5465563 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00790f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The T-shaped benzimidazolium/crown ether recognition motif was used to prepare suit[1]anes. These novel mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. By conversion to a suit[1]ane, a simple benzimidazole was shown to be protected from deprotonation by strong base. Moreover, it was demonstrated that this unique three-dimensional encapsulation can be made reversible, thus introducing the concept of "reversible mechanical protection"; a protecting methodology that may have potential applications in synthetic organic chemistry and the design of molecular machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , P. R. China .
| | - Giorgio Baggi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada .
| | - V Nicholas Vukotic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada .
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada .
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40
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Hernández-Melo D, Cervantes R, Tiburcio J. Shuttling Motion in a Host–Guest Complex Triggered by Spiropyran to Merocyanine Reversible Chemical Transformation. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4484-4488. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denhy Hernández-Melo
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Ciudad de México 07360, México
| | - Ruy Cervantes
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Ciudad de México 07360, México
| | - Jorge Tiburcio
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Ciudad de México 07360, México
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41
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Vukotic VN, Zhu K, Baggi G, Loeb SJ. Optical Distinction between "Slow" and "Fast" Translational Motion in Degenerate Molecular Shuttles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6136-6141. [PMID: 28145633 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of six [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles was designed which contain an axle with a benzo-bis(imidazole) core (in either a neutral or dicationic form) and a single 24-membered, crown ether wheel (24C6, B24C6, or DMB24C6), and the shuttling rates of the ring along the axle were determined. The charged versions showed much slower shuttling rates as a result of the increase in noncovalent interactions between the axle and wheel. The [2]rotaxane with a B24C6 wheel shows a difference in fluorescence between the charged and neutral species, while the [2]rotaxane with a DMB24C6 wheel exhibits a difference in color between the charged and neutral compounds. These changes in optical properties can be attributed to the structural differences in the co-conformations of the [2]rotaxane as they adapt to the changes in acid/base chemistry. This allowed the relative rate of the translational motion of a molecular shuttle to be determined by observation of a simple optical probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Nicholas Vukotic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Giorgio Baggi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
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42
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Vukotic VN, Zhu K, Baggi G, Loeb SJ. Optical Distinction between “Slow” and “Fast” Translational Motion in Degenerate Molecular Shuttles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Nicholas Vukotic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| | - Giorgio Baggi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Stephen J. Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
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43
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Qian H, Wang YY, Guo DS, Aprahamian I. Controlling the Isomerization Rate of an Azo-BF2 Switch Using Aggregation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1037-1040. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Qian
- Department
of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Yu-Ying Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Department
of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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44
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Gholami G, Baggi G, Zhu K, Loeb SJ. Metal–organic frameworks utilising an interlocked, hexadentate linker containing a tetra-carboxylate axle and a bis(pyridine) wheel. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:2462-2470. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04596k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A mechanically interlocked ligand which combines an H-shaped axle containing four terminal 3-carboxyphenyl groups and a macrocyclic wheel with two 4-pyridyl groups was used to create Zn(ii) and Cu(ii) metal–organic framework materials that contain unique frameworks threaded solely due to the interpenetrated nature of the linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazale Gholami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor
- Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Giorgio Baggi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor
- Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Stephen J. Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Windsor
- Canada N9B 3P4
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45
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Li X, Yuan X, Deng P, Chen L, Ren Y, Wang C, Wu L, Feng W, Gong B, Yuan L. Macrocyclic shape-persistency of cyclo[6]aramide results in enhanced multipoint recognition for the highly efficient template-directed synthesis of rotaxanes. Chem Sci 2016; 8:2091-2100. [PMID: 28451329 PMCID: PMC5399641 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04714a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Examples of using two-dimensional shape-persistent macrocycles, i.e. those having noncollapsible and geometrically well-defined skeletons, for constructing mechanically interlocked molecules are scarce, which contrasts the many applications of these macrocycles in molecular recognition and functional self-assembly. Herein, we report the crucial role played by macrocyclic shape-persistency in enhancing multipoint recognition for the highly efficient template-directed synthesis of rotaxanes. Cyclo[6]aramides, with a near-planar conformation, are found to act as powerful hosts that bind bipyridinium salts with high affinities. This unique recognition module, composed of two macrocyclic molecules with one bipyridinium ion thread through the cavity, is observed both in the solid state and in solution, with unusually high binding constants ranging from ∼1013 M-2 to ∼1015 M-2 in acetone. The high efficacy of this recognition motif is embodied by the formation of compact [3]rotaxanes in excellent yields based on either a "click-capping" (91%) or "facile one-pot" (85%) approach, underscoring the great advantage of using H-bonded aromatic amide macrocycles for the highly efficient template-directed synthesis of mechanically interlocked structures. Furthermore, three cyclo[6]aramides bearing different peripheral chains 1-3 demonstrate high specificity in the synthesis of a [3]rotaxane from 1 and 2, and a [2]rotaxane from 3via a "facile one-pot" approach, in each case as the only isolated product. Analysis of the crystal structure of the [3]rotaxane reveals a highly compact binding mode that would be difficult to access using other macrocycles with a flexible backbone. Leveraging this unique recognition motif, resulting from the shape-persistency of these oligoamide macrocycles, in the template-directed synthesis of compact rotaxanes may open up new opportunities for the development of higher order interlocked molecules and artificial molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education , Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , Sichuan , China . ; ; Tel: +86-28-85412890
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education , Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , Sichuan , China . ; ; Tel: +86-28-85412890
| | - Pengchi Deng
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education , Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , Sichuan , China . ; ; Tel: +86-28-85412890
| | - Lixi Chen
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education , Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , Sichuan , China . ; ; Tel: +86-28-85412890
| | - Yi Ren
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education , Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , Sichuan , China . ; ; Tel: +86-28-85412890
| | - Chengyuan Wang
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education , Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , Sichuan , China . ; ; Tel: +86-28-85412890
| | - Lixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Wen Feng
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education , Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , Sichuan , China . ; ; Tel: +86-28-85412890
| | - Bing Gong
- Department of Chemistry , The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260 , USA
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education , Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , Sichuan , China . ; ; Tel: +86-28-85412890
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46
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Yu G, Zhao R, Wu D, Zhang F, Shao L, Zhou J, Yang J, Tang G, Chen X, Huang F. Pillar[5]arene-based amphiphilic supramolecular brush copolymer: fabrication, controllable self-assembly and application in self-imaging targeted drug delivery. Polym Chem 2016; 7:6178-6188. [PMID: 27795740 PMCID: PMC5084091 DOI: 10.1039/c6py01402j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular brush copolymers have attracted continuing interest due to their unusual architectures, fascinating properties, and potential applications in many fields involving smart stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems. Herein, the first pillararene-based amphiphilic supramolecular brush copolymer (P5-PEG-Biotin⊃PTPE) was constructed on the basis of the host-guest molecular recognition between a water-soluble pillar[5]arene (P5) and a viologen salt (M). P5-PEG-Biotin⊃PTPE self-assembled into supramolecular nanoparticles (SNPs), which were utilized as a self-imaging drug delivery vehicle by taking advantage of the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect. Encapsulation of anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) caused deactivation of the fluorescences of both the tetraphenylethene (TPE) and DOX chromophores due to the energy transfer relay (ETR) effect, mediated by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ). The release of loaded DOX molecules can be triggered by low pH and reductase, recovering the "silenced" fluorescence caused by the interruption of the ETR effect, achieving in situ visualization of the drug release process by observing the location and magnitude of the energy transfer-dependent fluorescence variation. The biotin ligands on the surfaces of the DOX-loaded SNPs act as targeting agents to deliver DOX preferentially to cancer cells over-expressing biotin receptor. In vitro studies demonstrated that the loading of DOX by this supramolecular nanomaterial exhibited selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells over normal cells. The potency of this sophisticated supramolecular drug delivery system in cancer therapy was further evaluated in HeLa tumor-bearing mice. In vivo experiments confirmed that the DOX-loaded SNPs possess excellent antitumor efficacy with negligible systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Run Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Fuwu Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Li Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Guping Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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47
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Zhu K, Vukotic VN, Loeb SJ. Acid-Base Switchable [2]- and [3]Rotaxane Molecular Shuttles with Benzimidazolium and Bis(pyridinium) Recognition Sites. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:3258-3266. [PMID: 27671841 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For the purpose of developing higher level mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), such as molecular switches and machines, a new rotaxane system was designed in which both the 1,2-bis(pyridinium)ethane and benzimidazolium recognition templating motifs were combined. These two very different recognition sites were successfully incorporated into [2]rotaxane and [3]rotaxane molecular shuttles which were fully characterized by 1 H NMR, 2D EXSY, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and VT NMR analysis. By utilizing benzimidazolium as both a recognition site and stoppering group it was possible to create not only an acid/base switchable [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle (energy barrier 20.9 kcal⋅mol-1 ) but also a [3]rotaxane molecular shuttle that displays unique dynamic behavior involving the simultaneous motion of two macrocyclic wheels on a single dumbbell. This study provides new insights into the design of switchable molecular shuttles. Due to the unique properties of benzimidazoles, such as fluorescence and metal coordination, this new type of molecular shuttle may find further applications in developing functional molecular machines and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - V Nicholas Vukotic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
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48
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Liu P, Chen Q, Ma J. Design of [2]rotaxane through image threshold segmentation of electrostatic potential image. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:2228-41. [PMID: 27439676 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An electrostatic potential (ESP)-based image segmentation method has been used to estimate the ability of proton donation and acceptance involved in ring-rod recognition. The relative binding strength of [2]rotaxane has also been further estimated from the difference of the characteristic image-segmentation derived ESP between proton donor and proton acceptor. The size and electrostatic compatibility criteria are introduced to guide the design of interlocked [2]rotaxane. A library of 75 thermodynamically stable [2]rotaxane candidates has been generated, including 16 experimentally known systems. The theoretical results for 16 experimentally known [2]rotaxanes are in good agreement with both the experimental association constants and density functional theory-calculated binding energies. Our ESP-based image segmentation model is also applicable to the tristable [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle as well as [1]rotaxane with self-inclusion function, indicating this simple method is generic in the field of constructing other supramolecular architectures formed with donor/acceptor molecular recognition. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingying Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen, 333403, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiufeng Chen
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
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49
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Baggi G, Loeb SJ. Rotationally Active Ligands: Dialing-Up the Co-conformations of a [2]Rotaxane for Metal Ion Binding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12533-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Baggi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Stephen J. Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
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50
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Baggi G, Loeb SJ. Rotationally Active Ligands: Dialing-Up the Co-conformations of a [2]Rotaxane for Metal Ion Binding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Baggi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Stephen J. Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
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